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Social and moral relevance of memory 记忆的社会和道德相关性
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21982
Magnus Hamann, J. Nielsen
Background: Previous research has discussed how remembering is a sociopsychological phenomenon; that is, a phenomenon that happens as an interplay between internal cognitive processes as well as external social factors. This article examines remembering from this perspective in conversations between a father and his son, who has suffered traumatic brain injury and has problems with his short-term memory as a result.Method: We examined 82 known-answer questions using conversation analysis. Each question, as well as the interaction it was part of, was transcribed and analyzed as single instances (single cases), and then compared and analyzed as a joint collection.Results: In both first, second, and third position, the father formulated his utterances in such a way that the son was treated as someone who had access to the knowledge. In addition, when the son claimed to not know something, the father challenged this and constructed his son as someone who was responsible for remembering the information.Conclusion: We show how knowing and remembering are social phenomena that carry their own moral rules and practices in interaction. By challenging his son’s claims of not knowing and designing turns that make the son accountable for knowing information, the father makes his son answer questions he initially claimed not to know the answers to.
背景:先前的研究已经讨论了记忆是如何成为一种社会心理现象的;也就是说,这是一种内部认知过程和外部社会因素相互作用的现象。这篇文章从这个角度考察了一位父亲和他的儿子之间的对话中的记忆,他遭受了创伤性脑损伤,因此短期记忆出现了问题。方法:采用会话分析法对82个已知答案问题进行调查。每个问题,以及它所参与的互动,都被转录和分析为单个实例(单个案例),然后作为联合集合进行比较和分析。结果:在第一、第二和第三个位置上,父亲都以这样一种方式表达自己的话语,即儿子被视为有机会获得知识的人。此外,当儿子声称不知道什么时,父亲对此提出质疑,并将儿子塑造成一个负责记住信息的人。结论:我们展示了认知和记忆是如何成为一种社会现象,在互动中有着自己的道德规则和实践。通过质疑儿子不知道的说法,并设计让儿子对知道信息负责的转弯,父亲让儿子回答他最初声称不知道答案的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 编辑
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.22033
Martin J. Ball
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引用次数: 0
Reading trajectories in children with language disorders 语言障碍儿童的阅读轨迹
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.19134
Ryan L. Nelson, Jack S. Damico, Holly L. Damico, K. Lynch, Kathleen J. Abendroth, Christine Weill, Laura Arrington, Amanda Percle
Background: The literature on typically developing children’s literacy acquisition provides a conventional model of development; however, little is available regarding how children with communicative disorders develop literacy abilities over time. This study describes the temporal trajectories of reading development in three children with diagnoses of language disorders and histories of reading difficulty. Method: A qualitative research design employing ethnographic data collection and analysis procedures was used. One male (age 8 years 9 months) and two females (ages 7 years 8 months and 7 years 11 months) identified as having impaired language and a history of reading difficulty were followed for 10 months as they engaged in literacy instruction.Results: Each child demonstrated a unique trajectory of literacy improvement. Trajectories of development were observed across the complexity of the materials read, as well as across variables reflective of comprehension. Variables included formal miscue analysis data, retelling of stories read, and text complexity. Discussion/conclusion: This study suggests that each language-impaired individual should be considered separately in how they progress and in how progression is manifested. If norm-referenced, standardized evaluation methods had been applied, or if only one sampling period had been used, the changes and progress noted in each of these participants may have been missed.
背景:关于典型发展儿童识字习得的文献提供了一种传统的发展模式;然而,关于交际障碍儿童如何随着时间的推移发展识字能力,目前还知之甚少。本研究描述了三名被诊断为语言障碍和阅读困难史的儿童阅读发展的时间轨迹。方法:采用人种学数据收集和分析程序进行定性研究设计。一名男性(年龄8岁9个月)和两名女性(年龄7岁8个月和7岁11个月)被确定为语言受损和有阅读困难史,他们在从事识字教学时被跟踪了10个月。结果:每个孩子都表现出了独特的识字能力提升轨迹。在阅读材料的复杂性以及反映理解的变量中观察到了发展的轨迹。变量包括形式错误分析数据、复述阅读的故事和文本复杂性。讨论/结论:这项研究表明,每个语言受损的人应该分别考虑他们的进展和进展的表现。如果采用了参考规范、标准化的评估方法,或者只使用了一个抽样期,那么这些参与者中的每一个都可能错过了所注意到的变化和进展。
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引用次数: 0
Engagement in small group interactions involving persons with primary progressive aphasia 参与原发性进行性失语症患者的小组互动
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21384
Chelsea Alcala, M. Corwin, T. Kroll, Melissa C. Whitaker
Purpose: In group therapy, participant engagement is integral for achieving effective and meaningful interactions. Engagement is necessary not only for ensuring participation in the group, but also for promoting overall life engagement. Although engagement is vital to group therapy, it has remained largely unstudied, particularly in treatment for persons with primary progressive aphasia. Methods: Using samples from a videotaped small group interaction involving two graduate student clinicians and two persons with primary progressive aphasia, conversational actions contributing to engagement were identified and analyzed via content analysis and principles of conversation analysis.Results: Conversational actions resulting in engagement included clinician-appointed turns, participant affirmation, and member support. These conversational actions were found to maintain and/or increase wavering levels of participant engagement.Discussion: Findings for the study yielded clinical applications for clinician promotion of engagement during small group interactions involving persons with primary progressive aphasia to increase participant involvement and maximize therapeutic outcomes.
目的:在团体治疗中,参与者的参与对于实现有效和有意义的互动是不可或缺的。参与不仅是确保参与团队的必要条件,也是促进整体生活参与的必要条件。尽管参与对团体治疗至关重要,但它在很大程度上仍未得到研究,尤其是在原发性进行性失语症患者的治疗中。方法:使用两名研究生临床医生和两名原发性进行性失语症患者的小组互动录像样本,通过内容分析和会话分析原则,识别和分析有助于参与的会话行为。结果:导致参与的对话行为包括临床医生指定的轮次、参与者的肯定和成员的支持。研究发现,这些对话动作可以维持和/或增加参与者参与度的波动水平。讨论:该研究的结果为临床医生在涉及原发性进行性失语症患者的小组互动中促进参与提供了临床应用,以增加参与者的参与并最大限度地提高治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
print newspaper as an interactional affordance in an interaction with a person with dementia 印刷报纸在与痴呆症患者互动中的互动启示
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21385
E. Andersen
Background/method: Using conversation analytical methodology, this article presents a detailed analysis of how a person with dementia uses the affordances of a print newspaper to initiate, manage, and close topics in an interaction with a visiting researcher during leisure time in the common room of a dementia unit. Results: The analyses show how a print newspaper is introduced and handled effortlessly by a person with dementia and used for communication purposes. The person with dementia recurrently contributes to the interaction by making observations about and assessments of the visual appearance of the newspaper, reading aloud from the newspaper, and commenting.Discussion/conclusion: The study discusses how social interaction that is anchored in familiar objects such as a newspaper may help persons with dementia and their interactional partners find common conversational ground that does not rely on access to specific memories of the past, which may increase active participation by the person with dementia.
背景/方法:使用对话分析方法,本文详细分析了痴呆症患者如何利用印刷报纸的可供性,在痴呆症病房的公共休息室与来访研究人员互动时,发起、管理和结束话题。结果:分析显示,痴呆症患者如何毫不费力地介绍和处理印刷报纸,并将其用于交流目的。痴呆症患者通过观察和评估报纸的视觉外观、大声朗读报纸和发表评论,反复参与互动。讨论/结论:该研究讨论了以报纸等熟悉物体为基础的社交互动如何帮助痴呆症患者及其互动伙伴找到不依赖于获取过去特定记忆的共同对话基础,这可能会增加痴呆症患者的积极参与。
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引用次数: 0
Helping aphasic patients accomplish greeting exchanges 帮助失语患者完成问候交流
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21383
Pairote Wilainuch
Background: This study explores greeting exchanges in stroke care, in particular the use of the ‘wai’ gesture.Method: Seventeen patients with Broca’s aphasia, some family members, six nurses from district public health centers, and four nurses from a district hospital in northern Thailand were given written consent forms for participation. Thirty counseling sessions were video-recorded in patients’ homes and analyzed using conversation analysis. Direct observation and in-depth interview were also used for supplementary data collection. Results: These showed a patient’s daughter helping her to accomplish a greeting. She was encouraged to use one hand to raise the other hand up. Another patient was only able to raise one hand to conduct the normal ‘wai,’ a potential cause of embarrassment for the patient, as the greeting is always formed by putting the two palms of the hands together. The nurse encouraged him to perform the greeting using one hand through different questions and statements.Discussion and conclusion: While the ‘wai’ gesture and the spoken greeting ‘sawatdi’ used for social functions plays an important role in stroke counseling, the nursing guidelines in the Barthel Index excluded them in the section on non-verbal communication assessment. This article suggests that they should be taken into account, in order to improve the nursing guidelines to fit the Thai context.
背景:本研究探讨中风护理中的问候交流,特别是“wai”手势的使用。方法:选取17例Broca失语症患者、部分家属、6名地区公共卫生中心护士和4名泰国北部地区医院护士,填写参与同意书。在患者家中录制了30次咨询会议,并使用会话分析进行分析。补充资料收集也采用直接观察和深度访谈。结果:这些照片显示了一位病人的女儿在帮助她完成问候。她被鼓励用一只手举起另一只手。另一名患者只能举起一只手来做正常的“wai”手势,这可能会让患者感到尴尬,因为问候的方式通常是双手合拢。护士鼓励他用一只手通过不同的问题和陈述来打招呼。讨论与结论:虽然用于社交功能的“wai”手势和口头问候“sawatdi”在中风咨询中发挥着重要作用,但Barthel指数中的护理指南在非语言交流评估部分中将它们排除在外。本文建议应考虑这些因素,以改进护理指南以适应泰国的情况。
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引用次数: 0
What is linguistic creativity in schizophrenia? 精神分裂症的语言创造力是什么?
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.19727
Oli Delgaram-Nejad, Gerasimos Chatzidamianos, D. Archer, Samuel Larner
Background: In an experiment in which clinicians were asked to identify formal thought disorder (FTD) in schizophrenia based on writing samples, the mania and creative writing samples received more FTD diagnoses than the FTD samples. We conducted a systematic review to see whether figuration, associated with both schizophrenia and creative uses of language, could contextualize these findings.Methods: This was a systematic review only (PROSPERO ID:116255). We searched AMED, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO. Results. Many studies used figuration tasks to test creativity and vice versa, and key factors affecting figurative language output and processing were positive and negative symptom ratios, IQ, and schizophrenia subtype.Discussion/conclusion: Our review suggests that the clinicians in the experiment mentioned above perceived FTD as characterized by linguistic markers of verbal and figural creativity that are impacted by FTD itself. FTD is more likely characterized by expressional disfluencies in specific contexts.
背景:在一项实验中,临床医生被要求根据写作样本来识别精神分裂症患者的形式思维障碍(FTD),躁狂和创造性写作样本比FTD样本得到更多的FTD诊断。我们进行了一项系统的综述,以了解与精神分裂症和语言创造性使用相关的形象是否可以将这些发现置于情境中。方法:这只是一项系统综述(PROSPERO ID:116255)。我们搜索了AMED、儿童发展和青少年研究、CINAHL、MEDLINE、PsycARTICLES和PsycINFO。后果许多研究使用形象任务来测试创造力,反之亦然,影响形象语言输出和处理的关键因素是阳性和阴性症状比率、智商和精神分裂症亚型。讨论/结论:我们的综述表明,在上述实验中,临床医生认为FTD的特点是语言和图形创造力的语言标记受到FTD本身的影响。FTD更可能以特定语境下的表达障碍为特征。
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引用次数: 0
Affiliation, topicality, and Asperger’s 隶属关系,话题性和阿斯伯格综合症
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.20903
Emmi Koskinen, Melisa Stevanovic, A. Peräkylä
Objective: In storytelling environments, recipients’ questions have mainly been described as non-affiliative. This article examines how the topicality of story-responsive questions relates to the recipients’ displays of affiliation. Furthermore, we investigate whether there are differences between the practices of neurotypical participants (NT) and participants diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (AS) in this regard. While aiming to uncover the practices of story-responsive questions in general, we also seek to shed light on the specific interactional features associated with AS.Method: Our method is qualitative conversation analysis. Drawing on a dataset of Finnish quasi-natural conversations, we compare the interactional consequences of story-responsive questions asked by NT- and AS-participants.Results: We show how the NT-participants in our data use a specific set of practices to manage the topical relevance of their questions, while the AS-participants’ production of otherwise very similar questions differs precisely with reference to these practices.Discussion: We argue that the different ways in which the NT- and AS-participants treat the topicality of their questions influence the relative affiliative import of the questions in subtle, but yet significant ways.Conclusions: The affiliative import of story-responsive questions can only really be seen in retrospect, since, in their subsequent turns, the questioner can cast their action as having prepared the ground for affiliation.
目的:在讲故事的环境中,接受者的问题主要被描述为非从属的。本文研究了故事回应问题的主题性与接受者的从属关系表现之间的关系。此外,我们还调查了神经典型参与者(NT)和被诊断为阿斯伯格综合症(AS)的参与者在这方面的做法是否存在差异。在旨在揭示故事回答问题的一般实践的同时,我们也试图揭示与AS相关的具体互动特征。方法:我们的方法是定性对话分析。根据芬兰准自然对话的数据集,我们比较了NT和AS参与者提出的故事回应问题的互动后果。结果:我们展示了数据中的NT参与者如何使用一组特定的实践来管理他们问题的主题相关性,而AS参与者提出的其他非常相似的问题在这些实践中恰恰不同。讨论:我们认为,NT和AS参与者处理问题主题性的不同方式以微妙但重要的方式影响了问题的相对附属意义。结论:只有在回顾中才能真正看到故事回应问题的附属意义,因为在随后的转折中,提问者可以将他们的行为视为为为附属奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 3
Culture of collaboration 合作文化
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.18729
Jennifer E. Whited, Jack S. Damico
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report the results from a research project which focused on understanding how motivation to read is manifested and maintained in children with learning impairments. The participants were enrolled in a specialized university literacy program with graduate student clinicians.Method: An interpretative, qualitative study utilizing components of ethnography and microanalysis was employed to analyze video transcripts of recorded therapy sessions of speech-language pathology student clinicians and children with language disorders. These interactions were coded for the nature of their role in motivating children to read.Results and conclusions: This study revealed that a culture of collaboration was a hallmark of treatment that facilitated motivation in the participants. Two key characteristics of motivated behavior that emerged as a result of this culture of collaboration are identified and described. Additionally, three specific, collaborative, therapeutic strategies found to sustain motivation to read are described.
目的:本文的目的是报告一个研究项目的结果,该项目的重点是了解学习障碍儿童的阅读动机是如何表现和维持的。参与者与研究生临床医生一起参加了一个专门的大学扫盲计划。方法:采用民族志和微观分析相结合的解释性定性研究方法,分析语言病理学专业临床医师学生和语言障碍儿童治疗过程的视频记录。这些互动被编码为它们在激励孩子阅读方面的作用。结果和结论:本研究揭示了合作文化是促进参与者动机的治疗标志。作为这种合作文化的结果而出现的动机行为的两个关键特征被识别和描述。此外,三个具体的,协作的,治疗策略发现维持阅读的动机被描述。
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引用次数: 1
Collaborative storytelling with a person with aphasia 与失语症患者合作讲故事
IF 0.3 Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.20902
Helene Killmer, S. Beeke, J. Svennevig
Introduction: This study explores practices employed by a person with aphasia (PWA) and his wife to organize collaborative storytelling in a multiparty interaction. We identify practices that further the PWA’s agency – his impact on action – while he is telling a story together with his wife.Method: Using conversation analysis (CA), we carried out a case study of a successful storytelling sequence involving a 39-year-old man with anomic aphasia during a conversation with friends.Analysis: The PWA contributed to the storytelling by initiating the story sequence and by producing short but significant utterances in which he provided essential information and displayed epistemic authority. The spouse aligned with the PWA’s initiated actions and supported his agency by giving him room to speak, for example, by gaze retraction.Discussion: The analysis offers insight into practices that allowed this PWA to achieve agency. Our findings show that communication partner training could benefit from implementing activities such as collaborative storytelling.
引言:本研究探讨了失语症患者(PWA)及其妻子在多方互动中组织合作讲故事的做法。当他和妻子一起讲故事时,我们发现了一些做法,这些做法进一步推动了PWA的代理——他对行动的影响。方法:使用会话分析(CA),我们对一个成功的讲故事序列进行了案例研究,该序列涉及一名39岁的失语症患者在与朋友的对话中。分析:PWA通过启动故事序列和产生简短但重要的话语为讲故事做出了贡献,他在话语中提供了重要信息并展示了认知权威。配偶同意PWA发起的行动,并通过给他说话的空间来支持他的机构,例如通过凝视退缩。讨论:该分析提供了对允许该PWA实现代理的实践的见解。我们的研究结果表明,沟通伙伴培训可以从实施合作讲故事等活动中受益。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders
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