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sociocultural nature of writing in children with autism 自闭症儿童写作的社会文化性质
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21244
Jamie Maxwell, Ryan L. Nelson, Jack S. Damico, Christine Weill
Background: In the field of communication disorders, practitioners work regularly with school-age children with autism. Routinely, socialization issues impact literacy in this population and consequently become areas of clinical concern. This study addressed common themes from an inquiry into the socialization processes of school-age children with autism as they engaged in writing events as a sociocultural tool in clinical contexts.Method: A qualitative methodology was employed to investigate how three students with autism used writing as a sociocultural tool, and what opportunities the writing activities created for socialization over the course of one semester in a group intervention setting.Results: Three general patterns emerged that highlight the strategies employed by participants which demonstrated their use of writing for socialization, and the sociocultural opportunities the writing process provided.Discussion/conclusion: This study demonstrated that the context of the writing events, where the sociocultural nature of writing was appreciated and valued, created unique opportunities for the participants to engage, socialize, and essentially create a local peer culture.
背景:在沟通障碍领域,从业者经常与患有自闭症的学龄儿童一起工作。通常,社会化问题会影响这一人群的识字率,从而成为临床关注的领域。本研究探讨了学龄自闭症儿童在临床环境中作为社会文化工具参与写作事件的社会化过程的共同主题。方法:采用定性研究方法,对三名自闭症学生在一个学期的小组干预课程中如何将写作作为一种社会文化工具,以及写作活动为社交创造了哪些机会。结果:出现了三种一般模式,突出了参与者使用的策略,这些策略表明他们使用写作进行社会化,以及写作过程提供的社会文化机会。讨论/结论:本研究表明,写作活动的背景,即写作的社会文化性质被欣赏和重视的地方,为参与者创造了独特的机会,使他们能够参与、社交,并从本质上创造一种当地的同伴文化。
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引用次数: 0
Conversation books for improving social interaction and social acceptance of children with complex communication needs in India 对话书,以改善社会互动和社会接受的儿童有复杂的沟通需求在印度
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21070
Monica Kaniamattam, Judith Oxley
Introduction: This study draws on data from a community-based participatory action research project conducted to develop and evaluate a communication partner training program for supporting parents of children with complex communication needs in South India.Method: The article focuses on one participant with cerebral palsy and his mother. The participant child’s communicative participation and social interaction opportunities were enriched using a conversation book co-constructed by him, his mother, and the trainer-researcher speech-language pathologist during the training program. Data were collected throughout the action research project, including interviews, group meetings, observations, and a trainer-researcher journal.Results and discussion: Applied thematic analysis was employed to analyze the longitudinal data, in order to highlight the changes in the participant child’s social interaction and communicative participation. By describing the process of developing the conversation book as a means of increasing communication and social interaction opportunities for the child, our data illustrate how personalized low-tech augmentative and alternative communication options can be a way to improve social participation for children with disabilities in culturally diverse and low resource contexts, where stigma toward disability provides significant obstacles to social inclusion.
引言:这项研究利用了一个基于社区的参与性行动研究项目的数据,该项目旨在制定和评估一个沟通伙伴培训计划,以支持南印度有复杂沟通需求的儿童的父母。方法:本文重点关注一名脑瘫参与者及其母亲。在培训项目中,参与者儿童的交流参与和社交机会通过他、他的母亲和培训师研究人员言语语言病理学家共同构建的对话书得到了丰富。数据是在整个行动研究项目中收集的,包括访谈、小组会议、观察和培训研究员期刊。结果与讨论:采用应用主题分析法对纵向数据进行分析,以突出参与者儿童社交和交际参与的变化。通过描述开发对话书的过程,将其作为增加儿童沟通和社交机会的一种手段,我们的数据说明了个性化的低技术辅助和替代沟通选项是如何在文化多样和资源匮乏的背景下提高残疾儿童的社会参与度的,对残疾的污名化为社会包容提供了重大障碍。
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引用次数: 1
Orienting to shared memories and the reminiscing of parents and their children with language disorders 面向共同的记忆和回忆父母和他们的孩子有语言障碍
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21139
C. Clark, Laura Arrington, Ryan L. Nelson, Holly L. Damico, Jack S. Damico
Objective: Parent–child reminiscing is known to be facilitative of a child’s cognitive and language development. However, little research exists examining the reminiscing of preschoolers with language disorders. This article examines the interactional and symbolic challenges that parents and children with language disorders face during reminiscing.Method: Two small groups of parent–child participants – one including children with a diagnosed disorder impacting language function and one with typically developing children – were recruited. Reminiscing conversations were elicited, and qualitative methods of analysis were employed to describe patterns of interaction related to the accomplishing of mutual orientation.Results: Reminiscing interactions are framed as occurring in negotiations between topics and in negotiations within a topic. Parents and their children with language disorders faced greater challenges in aligning expectations and mutually orienting to shared understandings of past experiences. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these challenges can support parents in reminiscing and in recognizing learning opportunities.
目的:众所周知,亲子回忆有助于儿童的认知和语言发展。然而,很少有研究考察患有语言障碍的学龄前儿童的回忆。这篇文章探讨了语言障碍的父母和孩子在回忆过程中面临的互动和象征挑战。方法:招募了两小群父母-儿童参与者,一组包括被诊断为影响语言功能的障碍的儿童,另一组包括典型发育中的儿童。引发回忆性对话,并采用定性分析方法来描述与实现相互定向相关的互动模式。结果:回忆互动被定义为发生在主题之间的谈判和主题内的谈判中。患有语言障碍的父母和孩子在调整期望和相互引导对过去经历的共同理解方面面临着更大的挑战。了解这些挑战背后的机制可以帮助家长回忆和认识学习机会。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the interactional significance of the use of well by a child with ASD during writing interactions 调查自闭症儿童在写作互动中使用well的互动意义
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21245
Jamie Maxwell, Jack S. Damico
Background: Understanding the strategies children use to negotiate interactional breakdowns is important, as it can help clinicians to recognize, orient, and mediate the breakdowns collaboratively with the child, in order to re-establish intersubjectivity. In previous clinical and research contexts, one participant we observed evidenced many behaviors initially coded as ‘avoidance’ or ‘failure to maintain topic’ or as problematic in some way. These behaviors often contained specific linguistic devices (e.g., ‘hmmm,’ ‘bu:t,’ and ‘well’). The functions of well as a discourse marker have been documented extensively by conversation analysts in neurotypical populations (e.g., Heritage, 2015; Kovarsky, 1990; Pomerantz, 1984; Schegloff and Lerner, 2009; Schiffrin, 1987). This study employs principles of conversation analysis (CA) to investigate the function of well in the clinical contexts observed. Method: Interactional analysis, a hybrid approach to CA, was employed to investigate one child’s use of well in writing interactions. Data were collected over the course of one semester. Three sessions were chosen for analysis, transcribed, and analyzed for instances of well. Each occurrence was analyzed and coded individually. Thematic analysis followed, in order to arrive at an overall understanding of how the participant employed well interactionally. Results: Well in turn-initial places occurred 40 times across the three sessions. These instances could be organized into four different themes of use: issue with question posed; response may not meet listener expectations; difficulty formulating response; and loss of intersubjectivity. Discussion/conclusion: This analysis highlights how the participant’s use of well in the interactions analyzed was meaningful. Turns prefaced by well signaled breakdowns in intersubjectivity, a need for conversational support, disagreement, issues with the previous speaker’s turn, or a warning/acknowledgement that the response might be different than the listener’s expectation. Clinical and research implications are explored.
背景:了解儿童用来协商互动崩溃的策略很重要,因为它可以帮助临床医生与儿童合作识别、定位和调解崩溃,从而重新建立主体间性。在以前的临床和研究背景下,我们观察到的一名参与者证明了许多行为最初被编码为“回避”或“未能保持主题”,或者在某种程度上有问题。这些行为通常包含特定的语言手段(例如,“hmmm”、“bu:t”和“well”)。作为话语标记的功能已经被神经典型人群中的会话分析师广泛记录(例如,Heritage,2015;Kovarsky,1990;Pomerantz,1984;Schegloff和Lerner,2009;Schiffrin,1987)。本研究采用会话分析(CA)原理来研究well在临床环境中的功能。方法:采用互动分析,一种CA的混合方法,调查一个孩子在写作互动中的良好使用情况。数据是在一个学期内收集的。选择三个会话进行分析,转录并分析井的实例。对每一次事件进行单独分析和编码。随后进行了主题分析,以全面了解参与者如何在互动中表现良好。结果:在三个疗程中,最初的位置依次出现了40次。这些实例可以分为四个不同的使用主题:提出问题的问题;回应可能达不到听众的期望;难以制定应对措施;主体间性的丧失。讨论/结论:该分析强调了参与者在所分析的互动中使用井的意义。以主体间性的明显崩溃、对对话支持的需求、分歧、与前一个说话者的转向有关的问题,或者警告/承认反应可能与听众的预期不同为前提的转向。探讨了临床和研究意义。
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引用次数: 0
sociopsychological cost of AAE-to-SAE code-switching AAE-to-SAE代码转换的社会心理成本
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21167
T. Kroll, Christopher Townsend
Objective: This conceptual article outlines the sociopsychological cost that speakers of African American English (AAE) may incur when having to use the Standard dialect of American English (SAE) in academic and professional settings. Its goal is to detail the challenges to speakers’ self-concept resulting from this cost, to outline how clinical work may be affected by it, and to issue a call of action to qualitative researchers in the field of communication sciences and disorders. It will be argued that a symbolic interactionist account of identity, informed by qualitative research data, can guide clinicians into action regarding therapy and advocacy.Methods: A contrastive definition of code-switching versus code-mixing/code-meshing or translanguaging will be provided. Existing research, cultural artifacts, and personal accounts will be used to illustrate the sociopsychological cost of code-switching, and the ways in which it can have important impacts on individuals’ self-concept and their attitude toward learning. In order to conceptualize these dynamics in interactional terms, Mead’s model of the self will be deployed.Results: It can be expected that a sizable portion of African American children and adolescents incur sociopsychological cost when faced with the expectation to code-switch from AAE to SAE at school. This cost can be explained using a Meadian model of identity. Little research has explored this cost, the interactional dynamics in which it is incurred, or its impact on speech-language therapy.Summary and conclusion: Speech-language pathologists’ scope of practice includes therapeutic work with students who speak AAE, as well as advocacy for all students, disordered or not, who are faced with the cost of this particular type of code-switching. Qualitative research in the field of communication sciences and disorders is uniquely well suited to illuminate the precise form of the interactional dynamics in question, and to develop ways of addressing them in clinical and advocacy work. Such research should employ a symbolic interactionist model of identity that is not tied to psychological assumptions, but which can be derived entirely from empirical observations.
目的:这篇概念性文章概述了非裔美国人英语(AAE)使用者在学术和专业环境中不得不使用美国英语标准方言(SAE)时可能产生的社会心理成本。其目标是详细说明这一成本对演讲者自我概念的挑战,概述临床工作可能受到的影响,并向传播科学和障碍领域的定性研究人员发出行动呼吁。有人认为,根据定性研究数据,对身份的象征性互动主义描述可以指导临床医生在治疗和宣传方面采取行动。方法:将提供代码转换与代码混合/代码网格划分或语言转换的对比定义。现有的研究、文化工件和个人账户将用于说明代码转换的社会心理成本,以及它对个人自我概念和学习态度产生重要影响的方式。为了在互动的术语中概念化这些动态,米德的自我模型将被使用。结果:可以预期,相当一部分非裔美国儿童和青少年在学校面临从AAE代码转换为SAE的期望时,会产生社会心理成本。这种成本可以用Meadian身份模型来解释。很少有研究探讨这种成本,它产生的互动动力学,或它对言语语言治疗的影响。总结和结论:言语语言病理学家的执业范围包括对讲AAE的学生的治疗工作,以及对所有面临这种特殊类型代码转换成本的学生(无论是否紊乱)的倡导。传播科学和障碍领域的定性研究非常适合阐明所讨论的互动动力学的精确形式,并开发在临床和宣传工作中解决这些问题的方法。这类研究应该采用一种象征性的互动主义身份模型,该模型与心理假设无关,但完全可以从经验观察中得出。
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引用次数: 0
Constructing dementia in discourse 话语中的痴呆建构
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.20401
Sonja Kleinke
Introduction: Research on the discursive construction and representation of dementia has mainly focused on often problematic public mainstream discourses in which persons living with dementia (PWD) and their family care partners (FCPs) usually do not get a voice. This study aims to highlight differences between public mainstream and FCPs’ discourses, in order to provide a more differentiated picture based on detailed linguistic analysis.Method: The study analyzes FCPs’ discursive construction of PWD and their own role in the caring process in forum interaction in Talking Point, a public support platform managed by the Alzheimer’s Society (UK). The study applies a combination of categories well established in qualitative (Critical) Discourse Analysis, namely, semantic topoi and the so far less often utilized semantic category of clusivity.Results: The study reveals that FCPs, although resorting to some of the problematic mainstream discourses, exploit a more finely grained range of lifeward-oriented alternative discourses contesting dominating mainstream discourses.
引言:关于痴呆症的话语结构和表征的研究主要集中在经常有问题的公共主流话语上,在这些话语中,痴呆症患者(PWD)及其家庭护理伙伴(FCP)通常没有发言权。本研究旨在强调公共主流话语与FCP话语之间的差异,以便在详细的语言学分析的基础上提供一个更具差异性的画面。方法:本研究分析了FCP对PWD的话语建构,以及他们自己在Talking Point论坛互动中的关怀过程中所扮演的角色,Talking Point是一个由阿尔茨海默氏症协会(英国)管理的公共支持平台。本研究应用了定性(批评性)语篇分析中公认的范畴组合,即语义拓扑和迄今为止不太常用的语义范畴聚类。结果:研究表明,尽管FCP诉诸于一些有问题的主流话语,但它利用了一系列更精细的面向生活的替代话语来争夺主流话语。
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引用次数: 0
Digital outreach in online dementia discourse 在线痴呆症话语中的数字外展
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.22571
Boyd H. Davis, M. Maclagan, C. Pope
Introduction: The rapid online expansion of social media can decrease social isolation for both caregivers and persons with dementia (PWD) through the digital communities they create.Background: PWD and their caregivers are increasingly turning to social media to express their own concerns and offer advice to each other.Material analyzed: Multimodal methods were used to analyze three online sites – two caregiver sites and one site for PWD. The sites are StoryCall, a video archive recorded by South Carolina caregivers about caring for US veterans with dementia; Molly and Joey, a video series of Joey’s interactions with his mother Molly, who had Lewy body dementia; and Dementia Diaries, oral diaries transcribed by volunteers.Results: The topics discussed online by people who wish to advise caregivers often differ from the issues and topics that most concern or interest caregivers. Persons with dementia openly shared that they still wished to live as well as possible and wanted to be seen as real people.Implications and conclusions: Through social media, PWD remind themselves and others that they are more than their condition; similarly, caregivers of PWD educate themselves and others through sharing experiences and asking questions.
导读:社交媒体的快速在线扩展可以通过护理人员和痴呆症患者创建的数字社区减少他们的社会孤立。背景:残疾人士及其照顾者越来越多地利用社交媒体来表达自己的担忧,并相互提供建议。资料分析:采用多模式方法分析三个在线网站-两个护理者网站和一个PWD网站。这两个网站分别是StoryCall,这是一个由南卡罗来纳州护理人员录制的关于照顾患有痴呆症的美国退伍军人的视频档案;《莫莉和乔伊》(Molly and Joey)系列视频,记录了乔伊与患有路易体痴呆的母亲莫莉(Molly)的互动;痴呆日记,由志愿者记录的口头日记。结果:在线讨论的主题,谁希望建议照顾者往往不同的问题和主题,最关心或感兴趣的照顾者。痴呆症患者公开表示,他们仍然希望生活得尽可能好,并希望被视为真正的人。影响和结论:通过社交媒体,残疾人提醒自己和他人,他们不仅仅是他们的状况;同样,残疾人士护理人员也通过分享经验和提问来教育自己和他人。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to section on dementia 痴呆部分介绍
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.21310
Boyd H. Davis, M. Maclagan, C. Pope, Birte Bös, C. Schneider, Sonja Kleinke
.
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引用次数: 0
Learning from the Talk of Persons with Dementia: A Practical Guide to Interaction and Interactional Research Edited by T. Stickle (2020) 从痴呆症患者的谈话中学习:T.斯蒂克尔编辑的互动和互动研究实用指南(2020)
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.22558
L. Hydén
Learning from the Talk of Persons with Dementia: A Practical Guide to Interaction and Interactional Research Edited by T. Stickle (2020) Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, xix + 255pp.
《从痴呆症患者的谈话中学习:互动和互动研究实用指南》,T.Stickle编辑(2020),Cham:Palgrave Macmillan,xix+255pp。
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引用次数: 0
Pathologist of the Mind: Adolf Meyer and the Origins of American Psychiatry By S. D. Lamb (2014) 《心灵病理学家:阿道夫·迈耶与美国精神病学的起源》,S.D.兰姆著(2014)
IF 0.3 Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1558/jircd.22563
J. Duchan
Pathologist of the Mind: Adolf Meyer and the Origins of American Psychiatry By S. D. Lamb (2014) Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, xii + 299pp.
《心理病理学家:阿道夫·迈耶和美国精神病学的起源》,作者:s.d.兰姆(2014)巴尔的摩:约翰·霍普金斯大学出版社,12 + 299页。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders
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