There is historically a divide between health and social development practitioners versus environmentalists, with one side seen to prioritise people and the other seen to prioritize nature. However, the wellbeing of humans and that of the environment are inextricably linked. This paper will use leprosy, also known as Hansen’s Disease, as an example to show how disregard for the environment through anthropogenic caused climate change may threaten human health. Additionally, it will outline, through the example of The Leprosy Mission England and Wales and its partners, how environmental concerns can be integrated into health programmes with salutary outcomes for both health and environment. .
{"title":"Bridging the Divide Between Health, Social Development and Environmental Interventions: An Example From The Leprosy Mission","authors":"James Samuel Pender","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v8i1.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v8i1.543","url":null,"abstract":"There is historically a divide between health and social development practitioners versus environmentalists, with one side seen to prioritise people and the other seen to prioritize nature. However, the wellbeing of humans and that of the environment are inextricably linked. This paper will use leprosy, also known as Hansen’s Disease, as an example to show how disregard for the environment through anthropogenic caused climate change may threaten human health. Additionally, it will outline, through the example of The Leprosy Mission England and Wales and its partners, how environmental concerns can be integrated into health programmes with salutary outcomes for both health and environment. \u0000.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49145591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The aim of this mixed-methods study is to capture and understand impoverished Guatemalan community members’ perspectives of their own health needs on a community level in order to guide Hope of Life (HOL) Non-Profit organization’s health promotion interventions in the villages they serve. Methods: A modified health needs assessment survey was conducted with 96 participants from four impoverished villages in the department of Zacapa, Guatemala. Survey responses were analyzed for significant differences in 4-item individual, family, and community health scores across demographic variables and significant correlations with reported personal health conditions and children’s health conditions. Five semi-structured interviews were also conducted with community leaders from three of the villages surveyed. Interviews were audio recorded and responses were transcribed verbatim and translated from Spanish to English. Thematic analysis using HyperRESEARCH qualitative analysis software version 4.5.0. was conducted to identify major themes. Results: The mean age of the 96 participants surveyed was 40.4 years and the majority were women, married or in Union, and have children. Women reported a significantly lower individual and family health score than men. The most rural village included in the study had significantly lower family health scores than the three sub-urban villages in the study. Among the personal health problems reported by participants, alcohol consumption, dental problems, and malnutrition were significant predictors of lower individual health scores. Themes that emerged from the interview analysis included the greatest community health needs, perceived negative community health behaviors, barriers to health care access, HOL’s impact, and suggestions for community health promotion. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal many unmet health needs and barriers to healthcare that Guatemalan village communities face. Community-based participatory research using a mixed approach voices communities’ perspective on their perceived needs and is an important tool to guide non-profit aid and intervention serving impoverished communities.
{"title":"Identifying Communities’ Perspectives on their Health Needs in Impoverished Villages to Guide Non-government Organizations’ Health Promotion Efforts in Guatemala","authors":"C. Bale","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.391","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this mixed-methods study is to capture and understand impoverished Guatemalan community members’ perspectives of their own health needs on a community level in order to guide Hope of Life (HOL) Non-Profit organization’s health promotion interventions in the villages they serve. \u0000Methods: A modified health needs assessment survey was conducted with 96 participants from four impoverished villages in the department of Zacapa, Guatemala. Survey responses were analyzed for significant differences in 4-item individual, family, and community health scores across demographic variables and significant correlations with reported personal health conditions and children’s health conditions. Five semi-structured interviews were also conducted with community leaders from three of the villages surveyed. Interviews were audio recorded and responses were transcribed verbatim and translated from Spanish to English. Thematic analysis using HyperRESEARCH qualitative analysis software version 4.5.0. was conducted to identify major themes. \u0000Results: The mean age of the 96 participants surveyed was 40.4 years and the majority were women, married or in Union, and have children. Women reported a significantly lower individual and family health score than men. The most rural village included in the study had significantly lower family health scores than the three sub-urban villages in the study. Among the personal health problems reported by participants, alcohol consumption, dental problems, and malnutrition were significant predictors of lower individual health scores. Themes that emerged from the interview analysis included the greatest community health needs, perceived negative community health behaviors, barriers to health care access, HOL’s impact, and suggestions for community health promotion. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study reveal many unmet health needs and barriers to healthcare that Guatemalan village communities face. Community-based participatory research using a mixed approach voices communities’ perspective on their perceived needs and is an important tool to guide non-profit aid and intervention serving impoverished communities.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42104112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kirubakaran, D. Shaw, L. McArthur, Angus Miller, Anthony Radford
Improving global health education to ensure health professionals are prepared and competent in the world’s increasingly interconnected health-scape is a vital need. For many health professionals, global health education is facilitated through short, pre-departure courses in cross-cultural health and development work. There is currently limited literature on both the availability and the effectiveness of such courses. Our research aim was to explore the impact of a short course in global health education, designed and delivered by an Australian not-for-profit organisation, Intermed SA (Intermed). We conducted a short online survey of Intermed graduates, followed by semi-structured interviews with selected participants. The results indicate that Intermed’s International Health and Development course was effective in achieving the course objectives as assessed by graduates, whilst also having a positive practical impact on the graduates’ professional development.
改善全球卫生教育，以确保卫生专业人员在世界上日益相互关联的卫生环境中做好准备和胜任，是一项至关重要的需要。对许多保健专业人员来说，通过跨文化保健和发展工作的短期离职前课程，促进了全球保健教育。目前关于这些课程的可得性和有效性的文献有限。我们的研究目的是探索由澳大利亚非营利组织Intermed SA (Intermed)设计和提供的全球健康教育短期课程的影响。我们对实习毕业生进行了简短的在线调查，然后对选定的参与者进行了半结构化访谈。结果表明，Intermed的国际健康与发展课程有效地实现了毕业生评价的课程目标，同时对毕业生的专业发展也产生了积极的实际影响。
{"title":"Preparing Christian Health Workers for International Work: Evaluating a Short Global Health Course","authors":"S. Kirubakaran, D. Shaw, L. McArthur, Angus Miller, Anthony Radford","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.415","url":null,"abstract":"Improving global health education to ensure health professionals are prepared and competent in the world’s increasingly interconnected health-scape is a vital need. For many health professionals, global health education is facilitated through short, pre-departure courses in cross-cultural health and development work. There is currently limited literature on both the availability and the effectiveness of such courses. Our research aim was to explore the impact of a short course in global health education, designed and delivered by an Australian not-for-profit organisation, Intermed SA (Intermed). We conducted a short online survey of Intermed graduates, followed by semi-structured interviews with selected participants. The results indicate that Intermed’s International Health and Development course was effective in achieving the course objectives as assessed by graduates, whilst also having a positive practical impact on the graduates’ professional development.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44163886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mission hospitals have long provided a source of care, healing, and spiritual support for populations around the world, often serving the disadvantaged and rural residents not served by other facilities. Yet the future of mission hospitals has been thrown into doubt, and options for repurposing these institutions must be explored. The approach of mission hospitals to healthcare delivery has historically differed from those of other health systems (including many faith-based facilities) due to their isolated locations in lower-income countries. The multi-purpose attributes of mission hospitals make them excellent candidates for adopting a population health approach. The population health model, as now being developed in the United States, represents a radical departure from traditional clinical practice and reduces the system’s dependence on clinical care as a means to improving community health. The population health model emphasizes treatment of populations rather than individuals, a holistic approach to the provision of care (addressing social determinants in the process), and the involvement of the community in multi-sector collaboration for collective impact. Mainstream hospitals have had difficulty in implementing a true population health model for a variety of reasons, but mission hospitals appear to represent an effective vehicle for putting this model into practice. A population health approach appears to complement the philosophy of mission hospitals, and mission hospitals appear positioned to advance the population health movement.
{"title":"The Population Health Model: A Timely Approach for Mission Hospitals","authors":"Richard K. Thomas, N. French","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.363","url":null,"abstract":"Mission hospitals have long provided a source of care, healing, and spiritual support for populations around the world, often serving the disadvantaged and rural residents not served by other facilities. Yet the future of mission hospitals has been thrown into doubt, and options for repurposing these institutions must be explored. The approach of mission hospitals to healthcare delivery has historically differed from those of other health systems (including many faith-based facilities) due to their isolated locations in lower-income countries. The multi-purpose attributes of mission hospitals make them excellent candidates for adopting a population health approach. The population health model, as now being developed in the United States, represents a radical departure from traditional clinical practice and reduces the system’s dependence on clinical care as a means to improving community health. The population health model emphasizes treatment of populations rather than individuals, a holistic approach to the provision of care (addressing social determinants in the process), and the involvement of the community in multi-sector collaboration for collective impact. Mainstream hospitals have had difficulty in implementing a true population health model for a variety of reasons, but mission hospitals appear to represent an effective vehicle for putting this model into practice. A population health approach appears to complement the philosophy of mission hospitals, and mission hospitals appear positioned to advance the population health movement.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42282085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Mariama Marciana Kuusaana, Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa, Lucky Tomdi
Missions have played numerous developmental roles towards the achievement of economic and social advancement including the provision of healthcare. From their entry into Africa, they have employed numerous methods in order to introduce their Christian faith. The construction of schools and hospitals, engagement in public health campaigns, provision of relevant services for the poor, and spearheading the provision of formal education, among others, have been the most effective mechanisms. The activities of missionaries have taken different dimensions as their scope continues to change over time. Nevertheless, existing literature shows little data on the changing landscape of mission medicine and hospitals in Africa. Using a systematic literature review approach, the current study discusses the changing landscape of mission medicine and hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa. This contribution dwells partly on the missionary theory of medical practice to define most of the services of these faithbased organization (FBOs) in Africa. Findings from the study have revealed that mission hospitals have established schools and training schemes that allow them to train medical personnel to complement the limited number of health personnel on the continent. In the twenty-first century, they have contributed to achieving the targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially aspects that focus on health. It is evident that while the focus, methods, and partnerships have changed, missions in healthcare have not diverted their attention from sharing the gospel of Jesus Christ.
{"title":"The Changing Landscape of Mission Medicine and Hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Mariama Marciana Kuusaana, Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa, Lucky Tomdi","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.417","url":null,"abstract":"Missions have played numerous developmental roles towards the achievement of economic and social advancement including the provision of healthcare. From their entry into Africa, they have employed numerous methods in order to introduce their Christian faith. The construction of schools and hospitals, engagement in public health campaigns, provision of relevant services for the poor, and spearheading the provision of formal education, among others, have been the most effective mechanisms. The activities of missionaries have taken different dimensions as their scope continues to change over time. Nevertheless, existing literature shows little data on the changing landscape of mission medicine and hospitals in Africa. Using a systematic literature review approach, the current study discusses the changing landscape of mission medicine and hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa. This contribution dwells partly on the missionary theory of medical practice to define most of the services of these faithbased organization (FBOs) in Africa. Findings from the study have revealed that mission hospitals have established schools and training schemes that allow them to train medical personnel to complement the limited number of health personnel on the continent. In the twenty-first century, they have contributed to achieving the targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially aspects that focus on health. It is evident that while the focus, methods, and partnerships have changed, missions in healthcare have not diverted their attention from sharing the gospel of Jesus Christ.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"65-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47109370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Okereke, K. David, Ezeofor Ozioma Onyedikachukwu
In the absence of scientific breakthrough, patients search for solutions beyond science in the quest for good health. This is because spirituality greatly influences therapeutic outcomes and healthcare delivery. Healthcare providers must confront the dual needs of their patients; spiritual and health. Christian pharmacists can have an integral role to play in addressing these needs by means of a specialized focus on Christian faith. In this paper, we propose a Prayer, Faith, and Action Model for pharmacists who desire faith-based healthcare delivery in their professional settings. This model is worth adopting if Christian pharmacists want to maximize their potential in the course of healthcare delivery.
{"title":"How Christian Pharmacists can Maximize their Potentials in Healthcare Delivery: Adapting to the Prayer, Faith and Action Model","authors":"M. Okereke, K. David, Ezeofor Ozioma Onyedikachukwu","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.447","url":null,"abstract":"In the absence of scientific breakthrough, patients search for solutions beyond science in the quest for good health. This is because spirituality greatly influences therapeutic outcomes and healthcare delivery. Healthcare providers must confront the dual needs of their patients; spiritual and health. Christian pharmacists can have an integral role to play in addressing these needs by means of a specialized focus on Christian faith. In this paper, we propose a Prayer, Faith, and Action Model for pharmacists who desire faith-based healthcare delivery in their professional settings. This model is worth adopting if Christian pharmacists want to maximize their potential in the course of healthcare delivery.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49441656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infectious outbreaks that lead to epidemics and pandemics are dreaded because of the adverse health, economic, and social effects. The 1918 pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza virus killed 40 million people worldwide. Like the case of COVID-19, the pandemic of 1918 kept Christians, as well as people of other faiths, from worshipping together. However, African indigenous Pentecostal movements and groups emerged in various part of the continent around the same time. This period was the time of huge Pneumatic experience and spiritual awakening. The Pentecostals devoted themselves to building their faith and ceaseless prayer during that time, and this has become the foundation of the doctrine and theological instructions of most African Initiated Churches. Because are no studies that consider the 1918 flu pandemic and Pentecostal response in Africa, this study was undertaken. The time of the 1918 pandemic appeared to be a good opportunity for spiritual awakening. Intense prayer prevailed during those times and teaching and exposition about prayer formed the core of the theology of most African Initiated Churches. Pandemics often bring devastation but could also be an opportunity for spiritual awakening through prayer, love in action, social justice, compassion and care.
{"title":"African Pentecostalism and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: The Supernatural Amid the Fearful and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Omololu Fagunwa","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.455","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious outbreaks that lead to epidemics and pandemics are dreaded because of the adverse health, economic, and social effects. The 1918 pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza virus killed 40 million people worldwide. Like the case of COVID-19, the pandemic of 1918 kept Christians, as well as people of other faiths, from worshipping together. However, African indigenous Pentecostal movements and groups emerged in various part of the continent around the same time. This period was the time of huge Pneumatic experience and spiritual awakening. The Pentecostals devoted themselves to building their faith and ceaseless prayer during that time, and this has become the foundation of the doctrine and theological instructions of most African Initiated Churches. Because are no studies that consider the 1918 flu pandemic and Pentecostal response in Africa, this study was undertaken. The time of the 1918 pandemic appeared to be a good opportunity for spiritual awakening. Intense prayer prevailed during those times and teaching and exposition about prayer formed the core of the theology of most African Initiated Churches. Pandemics often bring devastation but could also be an opportunity for spiritual awakening through prayer, love in action, social justice, compassion and care.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46014744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creating Shared Resilience: The Role of the Church in a Hopeful Future by David M. Boan and Josh Ayers. Langham Global Library, 2020","authors":"P. Nijssen","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.489","url":null,"abstract":"Book review of Creating Shared Resilience. ","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43105709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aims: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 61% of deaths in India. This review focuses on Community Health Workers’ (CHW) effectiveness in preventing and managing NCDs in India which could help direct future research and government policy. Methods: A search of PubMed, Ovid, Embase and CINAHL using terms related to “community health workers” and “India” was used to find articles that quantitatively measured the effect of CHW delivered interventions on NCD risk and health outcomes. Results: CHW interventions are associated with improved health outcomes, metabolic parameters, and lifestyle risk factors in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and oral cancer. Current literature on CHW interventions for NCDs in India is limited in number of studies and the scope of NCDs covered. Conclusion: There is weak to moderate evidence that CHWs can improve NCD health outcomes in India.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Community Health Worker Delivered Interventions on Non-communicable Disease Risk and Health Outcomes in India: A Systematic Review","authors":"Alexander Miles, M. Reeve, N. Grills","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.439","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 61% of deaths in India. This review focuses on Community Health Workers’ (CHW) effectiveness in preventing and managing NCDs in India which could help direct future research and government policy. \u0000Methods: A search of PubMed, Ovid, Embase and CINAHL using terms related to “community health workers” and “India” was used to find articles that quantitatively measured the effect of CHW delivered interventions on NCD risk and health outcomes. \u0000Results: CHW interventions are associated with improved health outcomes, metabolic parameters, and lifestyle risk factors in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and oral cancer. Current literature on CHW interventions for NCDs in India is limited in number of studies and the scope of NCDs covered. \u0000Conclusion: There is weak to moderate evidence that CHWs can improve NCD health outcomes in India.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45841765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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