Empirical evidence concerning differences in the quality of service offered by faith-based and public healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries is limited. This study contributes by examining the difference in clinical knowledge of staff based at faith-based and government facilities in Malawi. Using vignette data for individual healthcare workers from the 2018/2019 Malawi Harmonised Health Facility Assessment we undertake regression analysis of the relationship between ownership and the probability of respondents making the correct diagnosis, treatment and management choices for eight childhood, adult and pregnancy-related cases after accounting for differences across healthcare workers, facilities and geography. Staff employed at faith-based facilities, compared to staff at public facilities, are found to be less likely to correctly diagnose and treat children presenting with diarrhoea with severe dehydration but are better at diagnosing and treating adults presenting with diabetes. We do not find any differences in the diagnosis and treatment of the remaining six cases. Hence, we do not find compelling evidence of an overall difference in clinical knowledge across staff at faith-based compared to public facilities in Malawi.
{"title":"The Difference in Clinical Knowledge Between Staff Employed at Faith-based and Public Facilities in Malawi","authors":"Wiktoria Tafesse, Martin Chalkley","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.853","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical evidence concerning differences in the quality of service offered by faith-based and public healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries is limited. This study contributes by examining the difference in clinical knowledge of staff based at faith-based and government facilities in Malawi. Using vignette data for individual healthcare workers from the 2018/2019 Malawi Harmonised Health Facility Assessment we undertake regression analysis of the relationship between ownership and the probability of respondents making the correct diagnosis, treatment and management choices for eight childhood, adult and pregnancy-related cases after accounting for differences across healthcare workers, facilities and geography. Staff employed at faith-based facilities, compared to staff at public facilities, are found to be less likely to correctly diagnose and treat children presenting with diarrhoea with severe dehydration but are better at diagnosing and treating adults presenting with diabetes. We do not find any differences in the diagnosis and treatment of the remaining six cases. Hence, we do not find compelling evidence of an overall difference in clinical knowledge across staff at faith-based compared to public facilities in Malawi. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"28 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laurie Elit, Rick Bardin, Debbie Bardin, Caroline Brown, Jim Brown, Jackie Griffin, Denis Palmer, Mark Snell, Kaye Streatfeild, Keith Streatfeild, Julie Stone
Jesus' self confessed mandate was to proclaim good news to the poor and validate this message through miracles like healing. He sent out his followers to do likewise. Mission hospitals are the penultimate example of restoring health in the name of a Saviour who loves them. As a group of healthcare missionaries at Mbingo Hospital, Cameroon, we see the role for mission hospitals/systems for the following reasons: compassionate care, competence, an opportunity to reflect our faith, humility, vision, perseverance, social justice, integrity and accountability. We provide examples for each. Missionary hospitals/systems in sub-Saharan Africa are a training group for the principles all of us need to mature in during our Christ-centered journey of life.
{"title":"The Life They Now Live: Role of Missionary Hospitals in Sub Saharan Africa","authors":"Laurie Elit, Rick Bardin, Debbie Bardin, Caroline Brown, Jim Brown, Jackie Griffin, Denis Palmer, Mark Snell, Kaye Streatfeild, Keith Streatfeild, Julie Stone","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.737","url":null,"abstract":"Jesus' self confessed mandate was to proclaim good news to the poor and validate this message through miracles like healing. He sent out his followers to do likewise. Mission hospitals are the penultimate example of restoring health in the name of a Saviour who loves them. As a group of healthcare missionaries at Mbingo Hospital, Cameroon, we see the role for mission hospitals/systems for the following reasons: compassionate care, competence, an opportunity to reflect our faith, humility, vision, perseverance, social justice, integrity and accountability. We provide examples for each. Missionary hospitals/systems in sub-Saharan Africa are a training group for the principles all of us need to mature in during our Christ-centered journey of life.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the health system to function well, the population must have equitable access to quality, affordable pharmaceutical supplies; however, pharmaceutical systems in Africa are challenged by inadequate funding, drug stock outs and irregular supplies, a shortage of trained pharmacy personnel, and a lack of systems for drug regulation and quality. Faith-based health providers, as private, not-for-profit actors, have long complemented public sector efforts in the supply of pharmaceuticals in Africa. However, the contribution of faith-based health providers in pharmaceutical systems has not been formally studied. This study examines the nature and function of faith-based healthcare providers in improving access to pharmaceutical supplies in Africa. To do so, we conducted an exploratory qualitative systematic review to identify documents that contain information on faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical supply in Africa. The review identified 20 articles for inclusion. These articles were analyzed using thematic, narrative analysis. The analysis revealed a significant evidence gap relating to the contribution of private-not-for-profit, faith-based providers to African pharmaceutical systems. The review suggests that while faith-based drug supply organizations have existed for a long time and contribute significantly to national pharmaceutical systems, there is very little known about the nature of faith-based pharmaceutical providers and how they complement public sector pharmaceutical systems. In many contexts, faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical systems improved access for the general population and increased the supply of pharmaceuticals in national systems. Faith-based drug supply organizations also often provide pharmaceutical supplies to both rural and urban areas, often targeting rural and remote areas particularly. The review also indicates that faith-based drug supply organizations improved access to medicines and related commodities and, despite a lack of regulation in many contexts, have the potential to make a positive contribution to quality assurance of pharmaceuticals. In summary, the analysis confirmed that faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical supply chains contributes to strengthening the national health system by complementing the public pharmaceutical system through improved access to medicines and related commodities in Africa. These conclusions corroborate the need to continually document and acknowledge faith-based healthcare providers efforts which could guide the formulation of stringent, evidence-based strategies.
{"title":"Faith-based Pharmaceutical Supply Chains and their Role in African Pharmaceutical Systems: A Qualitative Systematic Review","authors":"Isatu Jalloh, Jill Olivier, E. Whyle","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.793","url":null,"abstract":"For the health system to function well, the population must have equitable access to quality, affordable pharmaceutical supplies; however, pharmaceutical systems in Africa are challenged by inadequate funding, drug stock outs and irregular supplies, a shortage of trained pharmacy personnel, and a lack of systems for drug regulation and quality. Faith-based health providers, as private, not-for-profit actors, have long complemented public sector efforts in the supply of pharmaceuticals in Africa. However, the contribution of faith-based health providers in pharmaceutical systems has not been formally studied. This study examines the nature and function of faith-based healthcare providers in improving access to pharmaceutical supplies in Africa. To do so, we conducted an exploratory qualitative systematic review to identify documents that contain information on faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical supply in Africa. The review identified 20 articles for inclusion. These articles were analyzed using thematic, narrative analysis. The analysis revealed a significant evidence gap relating to the contribution of private-not-for-profit, faith-based providers to African pharmaceutical systems. The review suggests that while faith-based drug supply organizations have existed for a long time and contribute significantly to national pharmaceutical systems, there is very little known about the nature of faith-based pharmaceutical providers and how they complement public sector pharmaceutical systems. In many contexts, faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical systems improved access for the general population and increased the supply of pharmaceuticals in national systems. Faith-based drug supply organizations also often provide pharmaceutical supplies to both rural and urban areas, often targeting rural and remote areas particularly. The review also indicates that faith-based drug supply organizations improved access to medicines and related commodities and, despite a lack of regulation in many contexts, have the potential to make a positive contribution to quality assurance of pharmaceuticals. In summary, the analysis confirmed that faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical supply chains contributes to strengthening the national health system by complementing the public pharmaceutical system through improved access to medicines and related commodities in Africa. These conclusions corroborate the need to continually document and acknowledge faith-based healthcare providers efforts which could guide the formulation of stringent, evidence-based strategies.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embracing the Localisation Agenda","authors":"Nkatha Njeru","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.927","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Psychological disturbances and mental illnesses are prevalent on the continent of Africa. There are shortages of mental health services and a lack of quality providers with limited training and supervision. It is perceived that faith-based entities for psycho-emotional health and wellbeing are filling the gap with positive impact. However, the risks associated with unconventional or extreme spiritual practices will be evaluated. The contributions of these entities, their roles in the global and African health system, and their implications for community development and policy making are highlighted. Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted in two phases to synthesise qualitative and quantitative data. The review sought evidence on faith-based health providers of mental health services in Africa looking at types, magnitude, and quality, and included both peer-reviewed and grey literature, published between 2007 and 2024, in English. A narrative thematic analysis was used for the qualitative part and meta-analyses was used for the quantitative part to back up the narrative element of this study. Results: This review identified 55 relevant items from 13 African countries. The results showed that faith-based mental health providers deliver a range of six types of alternative mental health care, faith-based home care and faith-based biomedical mental health care. The magnitude of these faith-based mental health services was considered according to frequency of use and availability (accessibility, affordability, and acceptability), but evidence was limited. When the quality of these mental health care was assessed, some studies showed positive mental health outcomes from the utilisation of faith-based mental health care, but some studies revealed bad quality practices due to inhumane treatments. Conclusion: There are limitations regarding the vast array of faith-based health providers and the mental health care as they provide which include harmful practices used in Africa. Training interventions are needed to avoid some of the inhumane treatments. Faith-based mental health care offers culturally influenced practices for mental health which should be leveraged. Integration of faith-based mental health care into primary health system is advised in order to attain universal health coverage. Finally, possible regulation of traditional and faith healing methods for emotional struggles could be implemented at a policy level.
{"title":"Providing Mental Healthcare through Faith-based Entities in Africa: A Systematic Review","authors":"Nadine Nanji, Jill Olivier","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.795","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychological disturbances and mental illnesses are prevalent on the continent of Africa. There are shortages of mental health services and a lack of quality providers with limited training and supervision. It is perceived that faith-based entities for psycho-emotional health and wellbeing are filling the gap with positive impact. However, the risks associated with unconventional or extreme spiritual practices will be evaluated. The contributions of these entities, their roles in the global and African health system, and their implications for community development and policy making are highlighted.\u0000Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted in two phases to synthesise qualitative and quantitative data. The review sought evidence on faith-based health providers of mental health services in Africa looking at types, magnitude, and quality, and included both peer-reviewed and grey literature, published between 2007 and 2024, in English. A narrative thematic analysis was used for the qualitative part and meta-analyses was used for the quantitative part to back up the narrative element of this study.\u0000Results: This review identified 55 relevant items from 13 African countries. The results showed that faith-based mental health providers deliver a range of six types of alternative mental health care, faith-based home care and faith-based biomedical mental health care. The magnitude of these faith-based mental health services was considered according to frequency of use and availability (accessibility, affordability, and acceptability), but evidence was limited. When the quality of these mental health care was assessed, some studies showed positive mental health outcomes from the utilisation of faith-based mental health care, but some studies revealed bad quality practices due to inhumane treatments.\u0000Conclusion: There are limitations regarding the vast array of faith-based health providers and the mental health care as they provide which include harmful practices used in Africa. Training interventions are needed to avoid some of the inhumane treatments. Faith-based mental health care offers culturally influenced practices for mental health which should be leveraged. Integration of faith-based mental health care into primary health system is advised in order to attain universal health coverage. Finally, possible regulation of traditional and faith healing methods for emotional struggles could be implemented at a policy level.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Clinical practice competence is affected by different factors in clinical setting like Skill of the educator, staff–student interaction, a clear assessment guideline; Effective mentoring and constructive feedback will also influence learning. Poor performance is caused by low competence and improving competency would improve performance. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis's is to asses’ factors affecting clinical practice competency of medical and health science students in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a related literature search (February up to March 2023 ) of PubMed, and Web of Science databases for studies describing the factors associated with clinical practice competency among medical and health science students in Ethiopia. The quality of studies was independently assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa quality scale (NOS), which was guided by the PRISMA checklist. The Q test and I2 statistics were used to evaluate the heterogeneity among selected studies. If the heterogeneity was obvious (I2 >50%), the random effects model (REM) was used. If the heterogeneity was low (I2≤50%), the fixed effects model (FEM) was used. Results: There were 1613 participants in four (4) investigations. The pooled effect size of clinical practice competency among students in the form of odds ratio (OR) with the presence of a checklist 3.40 (95% CI 2.50–4.62), p<0.00001, I2=0%), with the orientation of objective 3.84 (95% CI 2.29–6.43), p<0.00001, I2=57%) ,students having receptor in clinical practice 2.42, (95% CI 1.68–3.48), p=0.00001, I2=47%) ,having confidence during performing the procedure 2.16, (95% CI 1.17–3.99), p=0.01, I2=53%) The final pooled effect size after trim and fill analysis in the random effect model was found to be 1.27 (95%CI: -0.19, -2.73) for the association between staff encourage to do practice and clinical practice competency. This indicated that absence of a significant association between staff encourage to do practice and clinical practice competency among medical and health science students in Ethiopia. Conclusions: The presence of a checklist, the orientation of objective, having receptor in clinical practice and students having confidence during performing the procedure are factors associated with clinical practice competency among medical and health science students in Ethiopia.
背景：临床实践能力受临床环境中不同因素的影响，如教育者的技能、师生互动、明确的评估准则；有效的指导和建设性的反馈也会影响学习。 临床表现不佳的原因是能力不足，而提高能力将改善临床表现。因此，本系统综述和荟萃分析的目的是评估影响埃塞俄比亚医学和健康科学学生临床实践能力的因素。研究方法我们在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了相关文献检索（2 月至 2023 年 3 月），以查找描述与埃塞俄比亚医学和健康科学专业学生临床实践能力相关因素的研究。研究质量由纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量量表（NOS）独立评估，该量表以 PRISMA 核对表为指导。Q检验和I2统计量用于评估所选研究之间的异质性。如果异质性明显（I2>50%），则使用随机效应模型（REM）。如果异质性较低（I2≤50%），则采用固定效应模型（FEM）。研究结果四（4）项研究共有 1613 名参与者。学生临床实践能力的集合效应大小为：有检查表的几率比（OR）3.40（95% CI 2.50-4.62），P<0.00001，I2=0%），有目标导向的几率比（OR）3.84（95% CI 2.29-6.43），P<0.00001，I2=57%），学生在临床实践中有接受者的几率比（OR）2.42，（95% CI 1.68-3.48），P=0.00001。48），P=0.00001，I2=47%），在实施手术时有信心 2.16，（95% CI 1.17-3.99），P=0.01，I2=53%）。在随机效应模型中，经过修剪和填充分析后，发现员工鼓励实践与临床实践能力之间的最终汇集效应大小为 1.27（95%CI：-0.19，-2.73）。这表明在埃塞俄比亚的医学和健康科学专业学生中，教员鼓励实习与临床实践能力之间没有明显的关联。结论检查表的存在、目标的定位、临床实践中的受体以及学生在操作过程中的信心是与埃塞俄比亚医卫学生临床实践能力相关的因素。
{"title":"Factors Associated with Clinical Practice Competency Among Nursing and Health Science Students in Ethiopia","authors":"K. Tegegne, Jemberu Chane Fetene, Tadele Kassahun Wudu, Yosef Aragaw Gonete, Abebe Tadesse Tibebu, Yideg Abinew Kebedes, Moges Tadesse Abebe","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.787","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical practice competence is affected by different factors in clinical setting like Skill of the educator, staff–student interaction, a clear assessment guideline; Effective mentoring and constructive feedback will also influence learning. Poor performance is caused by low competence and improving competency would improve performance. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis's is to asses’ factors affecting clinical practice competency of medical and health science students in Ethiopia. \u0000Methods: We conducted a related literature search (February up to March 2023 ) of PubMed, and Web of Science databases for studies describing the factors associated with clinical practice competency among medical and health science students in Ethiopia. The quality of studies was independently assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa quality scale (NOS), which was guided by the PRISMA checklist. The Q test and I2 statistics were used to evaluate the heterogeneity among selected studies. If the heterogeneity was obvious (I2 >50%), the random effects model (REM) was used. If the heterogeneity was low (I2≤50%), the fixed effects model (FEM) was used. \u0000Results: There were 1613 participants in four (4) investigations. The pooled effect size of clinical practice competency among students in the form of odds ratio (OR) with the presence of a checklist 3.40 (95% CI 2.50–4.62), p<0.00001, I2=0%), with the orientation of objective 3.84 (95% CI 2.29–6.43), p<0.00001, I2=57%) ,students having receptor in clinical practice 2.42, (95% CI 1.68–3.48), p=0.00001, I2=47%) ,having confidence during performing the procedure 2.16, (95% CI 1.17–3.99), p=0.01, I2=53%) \u0000The final pooled effect size after trim and fill analysis in the random effect model was found to be 1.27 (95%CI: -0.19, -2.73) for the association between staff encourage to do practice and clinical practice competency. This indicated that absence of a significant association between staff encourage to do practice and clinical practice competency among medical and health science students in Ethiopia. \u0000Conclusions: The presence of a checklist, the orientation of objective, having receptor in clinical practice and students having confidence during performing the procedure are factors associated with clinical practice competency among medical and health science students in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From India to Africa: A New Approach for Faith Based Healthcare in Africa","authors":"Gnanaraj Jesudian, Henning Mothes","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"43 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekomobong Okpo, Iniobong E Andy, Godwin E John, Rosemary C Chinyeaka
Background & Aims: Children are more susceptible to dermatophytes due to different predisposing factors, such as under developed immune system and high sensitivity of their skin to infection. This study investigated the epidemiology of dermatophyte infection among primary school children in Calabar municipality, Nigeria. Methods: Students attending two primary schools, DPS and PCNPS in Calabar Municipality, were clinically screened. Samples were collected from children with physical signs of dermatophytes on skin, scalp, and nails, and who were present on the day of sample collection. Affected areas were scraped and swabbed. Cultures were done on SDA, and Lactophenol cotton blue was used to prepare isolates for microscopy. Results: A total of 779 children aged 4-17 years were screened. 202(25.9%) were mycologically positive by culture. The occurrence of dermatophyte infection was significantly higher in young children aged 4-6 years than in older children. Male children were more frequently infected (17.6%) than females (8.3%). Trichophyton spp. was the most prevalent etiological agent (35.6%), followed by Microsporum spp. (31.7%), and Epidemophyton spp. (19.3%). Plates with mixed colonies constituted 13.4% of the entire culture. Dermatophytes were mostly isolated from the scalp (63.9%), followed by Skin (32.2%), and Nails (4%). The prevalence of dermatophyte infection among the two schools’ children was 32.0% and 21.9% in DPS and PCNPS, respectively. Conclusion: Dermatophyte infection is still prevalent among primary school children. Regular screening and use of educational health awareness of dermatophyte infection are recommended.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Dermatophytes Among Primary School Children in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"Ekomobong Okpo, Iniobong E Andy, Godwin E John, Rosemary C Chinyeaka","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.851","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Children are more susceptible to dermatophytes due to different predisposing factors, such as under developed immune system and high sensitivity of their skin to infection. This study investigated the epidemiology of dermatophyte infection among primary school children in Calabar municipality, Nigeria.\u0000Methods: Students attending two primary schools, DPS and PCNPS in Calabar Municipality, were clinically screened. Samples were collected from children with physical signs of dermatophytes on skin, scalp, and nails, and who were present on the day of sample collection. Affected areas were scraped and swabbed. Cultures were done on SDA, and Lactophenol cotton blue was used to prepare isolates for microscopy.\u0000Results: A total of 779 children aged 4-17 years were screened. 202(25.9%) were mycologically positive by culture. The occurrence of dermatophyte infection was significantly higher in young children aged 4-6 years than in older children. Male children were more frequently infected (17.6%) than females (8.3%). Trichophyton spp. was the most prevalent etiological agent (35.6%), followed by Microsporum spp. (31.7%), and Epidemophyton spp. (19.3%). Plates with mixed colonies constituted 13.4% of the entire culture. Dermatophytes were mostly isolated from the scalp (63.9%), followed by Skin (32.2%), and Nails (4%). The prevalence of dermatophyte infection among the two schools’ children was 32.0% and 21.9% in DPS and PCNPS, respectively.\u0000Conclusion: Dermatophyte infection is still prevalent among primary school children. Regular screening and use of educational health awareness of dermatophyte infection are recommended.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"40 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Ssentongo, Dennis Kinyoki, Ruth Gemi, Alex Muhereza, Fifi Manuel, Rebecca Waugh, Mary Linehan, Jared Saxton, Cougar P Hall, Josh West, Benjamin Crookston
Background & Aims. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths worldwide, making the uptake of effective vaccines critical to saving lives. In Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe, both supply- and demand-side challenges have made high rates of vaccination difficult to achieve. The current study seeks to describe vaccination rates and reasons for vaccine hesitancy in both Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. Methods. The current study uses data that came from a cross sectional survey that was conducted face to face in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. This study uses frequency statistics, chi-square test statistics, and multivariate regression analysis to describe and explore differences between the two countries. The Health Belief Model was used as a framework for sorting and understanding findings. Results and Conclusions. This study reveals that vaccine uptake was much lower in Sierra Leone than in Zimbabwe. Zimbabweans were almost twice as likely as Sierra Leoneans to be vaccinated while Sierra Leoneans were significantly more likely to believe the vaccine was risky. Individuals who were older, from Zimbabwe, and were healthcare workers or community leaders were more likely to be vaccinated. Those who were from Zimbabwe, had secondary or tertiary education, and were community leaders were more likely to be concerned about catching COVID-19 than community members. Faith leaders were less likely to be concerned about catching COVID-19 in public. These findings add to our understanding of attitudes that lead to vaccine hesitancy and uptake.
{"title":"Exploring SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Acceptance in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe","authors":"Simon Ssentongo, Dennis Kinyoki, Ruth Gemi, Alex Muhereza, Fifi Manuel, Rebecca Waugh, Mary Linehan, Jared Saxton, Cougar P Hall, Josh West, Benjamin Crookston","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.813","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths worldwide, making the uptake of effective vaccines critical to saving lives. In Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe, both supply- and demand-side challenges have made high rates of vaccination difficult to achieve. The current study seeks to describe vaccination rates and reasons for vaccine hesitancy in both Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. \u0000Methods. The current study uses data that came from a cross sectional survey that was conducted face to face in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. This study uses frequency statistics, chi-square test statistics, and multivariate regression analysis to describe and explore differences between the two countries. The Health Belief Model was used as a framework for sorting and understanding findings. \u0000Results and Conclusions. This study reveals that vaccine uptake was much lower in Sierra Leone than in Zimbabwe. Zimbabweans were almost twice as likely as Sierra Leoneans to be vaccinated while Sierra Leoneans were significantly more likely to believe the vaccine was risky. Individuals who were older, from Zimbabwe, and were healthcare workers or community leaders were more likely to be vaccinated. Those who were from Zimbabwe, had secondary or tertiary education, and were community leaders were more likely to be concerned about catching COVID-19 than community members. Faith leaders were less likely to be concerned about catching COVID-19 in public. These findings add to our understanding of attitudes that lead to vaccine hesitancy and uptake.","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Femi Awotokun, Oluyomi Abayomi Sowemimo, Ruqayah Olawoyin, Ashiat Alaba Adeleke
This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection of soil-transmitted helminths among school-aged children in Ife Central and Ife East Local Government Areas, Osun State, Nigeria, and the level of awareness of the school children on the disease. Fresh stool samples were collected from 324 pupils, comprising 162 males and 162 females (aged 5-12 years), from March to June 2021 and were preserved in 2 ml of 10% formalin. The preserved fecal samples were processed using a modified Kato-Katz technique. Of the 324 fecal samples examined, 79 (24.4%) tested positive for helminth eggs. The eggs were identified as Ascaris lumbricoides, with a prevalence of 22.2%, and hookworm with a prevalence of 3.7%. Double infections were observed in 5 (1.5%) pupils. Private schools had a slightly higher prevalence (24.7%) than did public schools (24.1%). Sex-related prevalence was higher among males (25.9%) than females (22.8%), and no significant difference existed in the prevalence level between the sexes (p > 0.05). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. This study concluded that STH infection remains a public health risk among children in the study area.
{"title":"Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among School-Aged Children in Selected Primary Schools in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Femi Awotokun, Oluyomi Abayomi Sowemimo, Ruqayah Olawoyin, Ashiat Alaba Adeleke","doi":"10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v11i1.833","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection of soil-transmitted helminths among school-aged children in Ife Central and Ife East Local Government Areas, Osun State, Nigeria, and the level of awareness of the school children on the disease.\u0000Fresh stool samples were collected from 324 pupils, comprising 162 males and 162 females (aged 5-12 years), from March to June 2021 and were preserved in 2 ml of 10% formalin. The preserved fecal samples were processed using a modified Kato-Katz technique. \u0000Of the 324 fecal samples examined, 79 (24.4%) tested positive for helminth eggs. The eggs were identified as Ascaris lumbricoides, with a prevalence of 22.2%, and hookworm with a prevalence of 3.7%. Double infections were observed in 5 (1.5%) pupils. Private schools had a slightly higher prevalence (24.7%) than did public schools (24.1%). Sex-related prevalence was higher among males (25.9%) than females (22.8%), and no significant difference existed in the prevalence level between the sexes (p > 0.05). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.\u0000This study concluded that STH infection remains a public health risk among children in the study area. ","PeriodicalId":52275,"journal":{"name":"Christian Journal for Global Health","volume":"50 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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