Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.04.012
Weihan Bi, Yu Shen, Yuxiong Ji, Yuchuan Du
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent government responses have had unprecedented effects on public transit (PT) demand. This paper presents a naturalistic observation of the Jiading bus transit system in Shanghai, China, spanning from April 2021 to October 2023 and covering different stages under various extreme policy response combinations. We use the Prais-Winsten regression to quantitatively assess the pandemic’s impact on bus demand and explore demand recovery patterns at both aggregated and individual levels in the post-pandemic era. Our findings reveal a strong negative correlation between bus demand and the stringency of containment policies, consistent across both levels of analysis. In the post-pandemic period, ridership has only rebounded to 77% of the pre-Omicron near-normal level, with notable spatial and temporal disparities across different regions. While the temporal distribution of ridership has largely normalized, the recovery of travel demand between zones outpaces that of travel within zones. Moreover, a persistent decline in individual travel frequency has been observed, which has not reverted in the post-pandemic period. The insights from this study can help policymakers better respond to potential future crises and improve PT services in the post-pandemic era.
{"title":"The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on bus transit demand: A 30-month Naturalistic Observation in Jiading, Shanghai, China","authors":"Weihan Bi, Yu Shen, Yuxiong Ji, Yuchuan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent government responses have had unprecedented effects on public transit (PT) demand. This paper presents a naturalistic observation of the Jiading bus transit system in Shanghai, China, spanning from April 2021 to October 2023 and covering different stages under various extreme policy response combinations. We use the Prais-Winsten regression to quantitatively assess the pandemic’s impact on bus demand and explore demand recovery patterns at both aggregated and individual levels in the post-pandemic era. Our findings reveal a strong negative correlation between bus demand and the stringency of containment policies, consistent across both levels of analysis. In the post-pandemic period, ridership has only rebounded to 77% of the pre-Omicron near-normal level, with notable spatial and temporal disparities across different regions. While the temporal distribution of ridership has largely normalized, the recovery of travel demand between zones outpaces that of travel within zones. Moreover, a persistent decline in individual travel frequency has been observed, which has not reverted in the post-pandemic period. The insights from this study can help policymakers better respond to potential future crises and improve PT services in the post-pandemic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.004
Chengcheng Yu , Chao Yang , Wentao Dong , Yitong Chen , Quan Yuan
Amidst a global decline in bus ridership, this study pioneers a longitudinal approach to understanding individual-level transitions and churning in urban bus systems. Utilizing a novel framework that leverages smart card data, we construct and analyze user behavior transition matrices over time, employing Markov processes and the Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation. Our analysis, derived from a 22-month dataset from Shenzhen, reveals a two-stage churning process: users first decrease travel frequency before transitioning to irregular travel patterns. Crucially, this study introduces targeted retention policies, including tiered usage incentives and personalized communication strategies, aimed at different stages of the user lifecycle. By offering free subsequent trips to irregular travelers and combining policy approaches for users at high risk of churning, we provide actionable insights for transit operators to counter the trend of declining ridership.
{"title":"Retaining bus riders: A lifecycle longitudinal analysis of behavioral status transitions from entry to exit","authors":"Chengcheng Yu , Chao Yang , Wentao Dong , Yitong Chen , Quan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst a global decline in bus ridership, this study pioneers a longitudinal approach to understanding individual-level transitions and churning in urban bus systems. Utilizing a novel framework that leverages smart card data, we construct and analyze user behavior transition matrices over time, employing Markov processes and the Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation. Our analysis, derived from a 22-month dataset from Shenzhen, reveals a two-stage churning process: users first decrease travel frequency before transitioning to irregular travel patterns. Crucially, this study introduces targeted retention policies, including tiered usage incentives and personalized communication strategies, aimed at different stages of the user lifecycle. By offering free subsequent trips to irregular travelers and combining policy approaches for users at high risk of churning, we provide actionable insights for transit operators to counter the trend of declining ridership.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 176-192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.005
Shuwei Zhang , Liang Wang , Guohua Han , Zhongyin Guo
Expressway reconstruction and expansion projects are becoming increasingly important in China’s infrastructure construction. Traffic management is pivotal for maintaining construction progress and ensuring construction progress, traffic efficiency, and traffic safety. Route guidance is a key method of traffic diversion, but its diversion effectiveness is often difficult to be predicted. This paper proposes a method to analyze the effectiveness of route guidance in expressway reconstruction and expansion projects in China. First, evolutionary game theory is employed to build a decision-making model for drivers facing the route guidance recommendations. Replicated dynamic equation is used to reveal the evolutionary law of driver decision-making over time. Secondly, the cost matrix is quantified based on the typical conditions of expressway reconstruction and expansion practices in China. Thirdly, the evolutionary stable points are solved and analyzed. The results indicate that two types of stable points emerge in evolutionary games under route guidance. The first type arises when the detour coefficient of the receiving road is excessively high or the road and traffic conditions are exceptionally poor, resulting in an evolutionary stable point of 0, which indicates route guidance failure. The second type occurs when the detour coefficient of the receiving road is relatively low and the road and traffic conditions are good, resulting in an evolutionary stable point between 0 and 1, indicating that route guidance will impact only a subset of drivers. Finally, numerical analysis of results under different parameter values is conducted, and the application value of the research conclusion in expressway reconstruction and expansion is discussed.
{"title":"The effectiveness of route guidance for expressway reconstruction and expansion projects","authors":"Shuwei Zhang , Liang Wang , Guohua Han , Zhongyin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expressway reconstruction and expansion projects are becoming increasingly important in China’s infrastructure construction. Traffic management is pivotal for maintaining construction progress and ensuring construction progress, traffic efficiency, and traffic safety. Route guidance is a key method of traffic diversion, but its diversion effectiveness is often difficult to be predicted. This paper proposes a method to analyze the effectiveness of route guidance in expressway reconstruction and expansion projects in China. First, evolutionary game theory is employed to build a decision-making model for drivers facing the route guidance recommendations. Replicated dynamic equation is used to reveal the evolutionary law of driver decision-making over time. Secondly, the cost matrix is quantified based on the typical conditions of expressway reconstruction and expansion practices in China. Thirdly, the evolutionary stable points are solved and analyzed. The results indicate that two types of stable points emerge in evolutionary games under route guidance. The first type arises when the detour coefficient of the receiving road is excessively high or the road and traffic conditions are exceptionally poor, resulting in an evolutionary stable point of 0, which indicates route guidance failure. The second type occurs when the detour coefficient of the receiving road is relatively low and the road and traffic conditions are good, resulting in an evolutionary stable point between 0 and 1, indicating that route guidance will impact only a subset of drivers. Finally, numerical analysis of results under different parameter values is conducted, and the application value of the research conclusion in expressway reconstruction and expansion is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 193-206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.07.006
Md Shohel Parvez, Sara Moridpour
Road safety is the most important feature of a modern city, and it affects almost everyone in the community, especially vulnerable road users (VRUs). This paper comprehensively examines existing scientific literature regarding contemporary methodologies for collecting data in safety studies involving VRUs. The objective is to compile a comprehensive list of data collection methods, recognize potential applications of emerging technologies, and categorize them based on a novel taxonomy. A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analyses (PRISMA) flowchart is used to conduct the systematic literature search by setting some inclusion and exclusion criteria. Different keyword searches are used in Scopus and Web of Science databases, followed by relevant references and citation analysis to find eligible papers subject to a full-text peer review. Finally, the identified papers are categorized and analyzed based on the technology type they used. 8 374 and 109 papers have been identified from the initial search and the forward and backward snowballing, respectively. 167 documents have been selected to carry out full-text reviews, with 135 finally included in the study. The technology employed in safety research for VRUs, including cameras, sensors, trackers, mobile phones, social media, drones, and eye-tracking devices has also been included in the classification of identified documents. Commonly employed methods for collecting data on VRUs include camera-based, sensor-based, and tracker-based approaches. The mobile phone-based approach has been least common for collecting data on pedestrians’ safety because of distractions. In recent years, social media-based, drone, and eye-tracking approaches have become widely utilized for collecting and analyzing data. Recently, multiple approaches have been employed for data collection. The documents predominantly have addressed the movements, behaviors, emotions, and route choices of pedestrians. Similarly, documents related to cyclists have been mainly concerned with obstacle detection, analysis of cyclists’ behavior, and guiding cyclists.
道路安全是现代城市最重要的特征，它几乎影响到社区中的每个人，特别是弱势道路使用者。本文全面审查了现有的科学文献关于收集涉及vru的安全研究数据的当代方法。目标是编制一个数据收集方法的综合列表，识别新兴技术的潜在应用，并根据新的分类法对它们进行分类。采用系统评价和meta分析首选报告项（PRISMA）流程图，通过设定纳入和排除标准进行系统文献检索。在Scopus和Web of Science数据库中使用不同的关键词搜索，然后进行相关参考文献和引文分析，以找到符合条件的论文，进行全文同行评议。最后，根据所使用的技术类型对识别出的论文进行分类和分析。通过初始检索和正向滚雪球和反向滚雪球分别鉴定出8 374篇和109篇论文。167份文献被选中进行全文审查，其中135份最终被纳入研究。vru安全研究中使用的技术，包括摄像头、传感器、追踪器、手机、社交媒体、无人机和眼球追踪设备，也被纳入已识别文件的分类中。常用的vru数据收集方法包括基于摄像头、基于传感器和基于跟踪器的方法。由于分心，基于手机的方法在收集行人安全数据方面最不常见。近年来，基于社交媒体、无人机和眼动追踪的方法已被广泛用于收集和分析数据。最近，数据收集采用了多种方法。这些文件主要涉及行人的运动、行为、情绪和路线选择。同样，与骑自行车者相关的文献主要关注障碍物检测、骑自行车者行为分析和指导骑自行车者。
{"title":"Application of smart technologies in safety of vulnerable road users: A review","authors":"Md Shohel Parvez, Sara Moridpour","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road safety is the most important feature of a modern city, and it affects almost everyone in the community, especially vulnerable road users (VRUs). This paper comprehensively examines existing scientific literature regarding contemporary methodologies for collecting data in safety studies involving VRUs. The objective is to compile a comprehensive list of data collection methods, recognize potential applications of emerging technologies, and categorize them based on a novel taxonomy. A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analyses (PRISMA) flowchart is used to conduct the systematic literature search by setting some inclusion and exclusion criteria. Different keyword searches are used in Scopus and Web of Science databases, followed by relevant references and citation analysis to find eligible papers subject to a full-text peer review. Finally, the identified papers are categorized and analyzed based on the technology type they used. 8 374 and 109 papers have been identified from the initial search and the forward and backward snowballing, respectively. 167 documents have been selected to carry out full-text reviews, with 135 finally included in the study. The technology employed in safety research for VRUs, including cameras, sensors, trackers, mobile phones, social media, drones, and eye-tracking devices has also been included in the classification of identified documents. Commonly employed methods for collecting data on VRUs include camera-based, sensor-based, and tracker-based approaches. The mobile phone-based approach has been least common for collecting data on pedestrians’ safety because of distractions. In recent years, social media-based, drone, and eye-tracking approaches have become widely utilized for collecting and analyzing data. Recently, multiple approaches have been employed for data collection. The documents predominantly have addressed the movements, behaviors, emotions, and route choices of pedestrians. Similarly, documents related to cyclists have been mainly concerned with obstacle detection, analysis of cyclists’ behavior, and guiding cyclists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 285-304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.05.003
Mohan Badiger, Mamatha K.H., Dinesh S.V.
Nowadays, the use of geocell is gaining more importance in pavement industry as it offers improved performance through confinement and tensioned membrane actions. In recent years, solid waste management seeks greater attention as it poses serious issues related to their disposal, health, and environmental hazards. Effective recycling and reuse of these wastes could be a viable and economical approach towards sustainable construction. In this regard, two such wastes (scrap tyres and construction and demolition (C&D) waste) are investigate. The recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) obtained from the C&D waste are used as granular sub-base (GSB) material, and its performance is compared with conventional crushed aggregates (CCAs). Scrap tyre is used as cellular reinforcement (recycled tyre cell (RTC)), and its effectiveness as a reinforcing material is compared with the commercial cellular reinforcement (commercially available geocell (CGC)). The study involves construction of laboratory pavement sections under unreinforced and reinforced conditions and testing under repeated loading. The pavement sections supplemented with CGC and RTC reinforcement shows reduced permanent deformation by 27%, 33% and 30%, 35%, respectively, for CCA and RCA infill materials. The comparable performance of RCA with CCA is attributed to the self-cementation effect offered by the adhered residual cement mortar. With CGC and RTC reinforcement, the residual pressure at the subgrade level reduces by 30% and 37%, respectively. The provision of cellular reinforcement improves the stress distribution angle, and the highest improvement is observed in case of RTC. The improved behaviour with RTC is due to the larger strip thickness and tensile strength of recycled tyre strip than those used in the preparation of CGC. Irrespective of the infill material, higher strains are experienced under the loading zone than the neighbouring cells. Overall, the study promotes the use of scrap tyres and RCAs in bulk volume for pavement construction, offering an eco-friendly, cost-effective, sustainable, and long-lasting pavements.
{"title":"Evaluation of commercial and scrap tyre cellular reinforcement infilled with demolition waste for granular sub-base of flexible pavements: A sustainable approach","authors":"Mohan Badiger, Mamatha K.H., Dinesh S.V.","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, the use of geocell is gaining more importance in pavement industry as it offers improved performance through confinement and tensioned membrane actions. In recent years, solid waste management seeks greater attention as it poses serious issues related to their disposal, health, and environmental hazards. Effective recycling and reuse of these wastes could be a viable and economical approach towards sustainable construction. In this regard, two such wastes (scrap tyres and construction and demolition (C&D) waste) are investigate. The recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) obtained from the C&D waste are used as granular sub-base (GSB) material, and its performance is compared with conventional crushed aggregates (CCAs). Scrap tyre is used as cellular reinforcement (recycled tyre cell (RTC)), and its effectiveness as a reinforcing material is compared with the commercial cellular reinforcement (commercially available geocell (CGC)). The study involves construction of laboratory pavement sections under unreinforced and reinforced conditions and testing under repeated loading. The pavement sections supplemented with CGC and RTC reinforcement shows reduced permanent deformation by 27%, 33% and 30%, 35%, respectively, for CCA and RCA infill materials. The comparable performance of RCA with CCA is attributed to the self-cementation effect offered by the adhered residual cement mortar. With CGC and RTC reinforcement, the residual pressure at the subgrade level reduces by 30% and 37%, respectively. The provision of cellular reinforcement improves the stress distribution angle, and the highest improvement is observed in case of RTC. The improved behaviour with RTC is due to the larger strip thickness and tensile strength of recycled tyre strip than those used in the preparation of CGC. Irrespective of the infill material, higher strains are experienced under the loading zone than the neighbouring cells. Overall, the study promotes the use of scrap tyres and RCAs in bulk volume for pavement construction, offering an eco-friendly, cost-effective, sustainable, and long-lasting pavements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 29-46"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141144515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.007
Carlos M. Chang , Ding Xin Cheng , Roger E. Smith , Sui G. Tan , Abid Hossain
Assuring the accuracy and reliability of pavement condition data is crucial for effective decision-making in pavement management. Despite existing data collection protocols, concerns persist regarding data quality. This paper introduces SMART, a systematic statistical method designed to analyze the quality of pavement condition data from field surveys for pavement management applications. SMART employs a structured procedure that expands traditional descriptive statistics by applying interrater reliability statistics combined with bootstrapping methods and Modified-Blant Altman diagrams to evaluate data quality. A comparative analysis of interrater statistics, including Cohen’s Kappa (CK), Interclass Correlation (IC), Krippendorff’s Alpha (KA), Percent Agreement (PA), and Weighted Cohen’s Kappa (WCK), is conducted in the research study. As a result, the adoption of KA and Modified Bland-Altman diagrams for data analysis is recommended. KA demonstrates versatility across diverse data types, accommodating nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio-level data, while Modified Bland-Altman diagrams facilitate data dispersion analysis to visualize possible bias trends for the condition ratings. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of SMART to analyzing Pavement Condition Index (PCI) data provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) in California. This methodological approach aims to enhance pavement management decisions by ensuring the reliability of condition field survey data through the implementation of robust analytical quality control procedures.
{"title":"SMART quality control analysis of pavement condition data for pavement management applications","authors":"Carlos M. Chang , Ding Xin Cheng , Roger E. Smith , Sui G. Tan , Abid Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assuring the accuracy and reliability of pavement condition data is crucial for effective decision-making in pavement management. Despite existing data collection protocols, concerns persist regarding data quality. This paper introduces SMART, a systematic statistical method designed to analyze the quality of pavement condition data from field surveys for pavement management applications. SMART employs a structured procedure that expands traditional descriptive statistics by applying interrater reliability statistics combined with bootstrapping methods and Modified-Blant Altman diagrams to evaluate data quality. A comparative analysis of interrater statistics, including Cohen’s Kappa (CK), Interclass Correlation (IC), Krippendorff’s Alpha (KA), Percent Agreement (PA), and Weighted Cohen’s Kappa (WCK), is conducted in the research study. As a result, the adoption of KA and Modified Bland-Altman diagrams for data analysis is recommended. KA demonstrates versatility across diverse data types, accommodating nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio-level data, while Modified Bland-Altman diagrams facilitate data dispersion analysis to visualize possible bias trends for the condition ratings. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of SMART to analyzing Pavement Condition Index (PCI) data provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) in California. This methodological approach aims to enhance pavement management decisions by ensuring the reliability of condition field survey data through the implementation of robust analytical quality control procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 227-244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.08.004
Hasan Shahrier, Muhammad Ahsanul Habib
This study develops a flexible latent class model (LCM) to investigate the electric vehicle (EV) type choice decisions of Halifax residents. It utilizes cross-sectional data from the 2022 Halifax Travel Activity (HaliTRAC) survey, which includes questions related to EV adoption. This study also analyzes eight attitudes and lifestyle preferences related statements using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique, and finally extracts three components labeled as “EV enthusiasts”, “sustainable travellers”, and “remote work arrangement admirers”. This paper explores the heterogeneity between two classes for different alternative vehicle type choices, e.g., battery electric vehicle (BEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and regular internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. Based on class membership attributes, class-1 can be identified as those who live in suburban areas, have a large family with high vehicle ownership, and are interested in travelling with their family members, especially with their children and vice-versa for class-2. Results suggest that variables across two classes portray heterogeneity, e.g., full-time worker portray positive correlation for class-1 and negative to class-2; high annual household income group (more than $200 000) exhibit high propensity to choose BEV in class-2 and vice-versa for class-1. Sustainable travelers emphasize the adverse connection towards regular vehicles, while EV enthusiasts demonstrate a favorable association with embracing any type of EV (e.g., BEV, PHEV, or HEV). Furthermore, the findings from this analysis provide guidance for policy measures such as offering purchase incentives, expanding charging infrastructure, and implementing tax rebates to promote the uptake of EVs among the residents of Halifax.
{"title":"Electric vehicle (EV) type choice model: Latent class modelling approach","authors":"Hasan Shahrier, Muhammad Ahsanul Habib","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a flexible latent class model (LCM) to investigate the electric vehicle (EV) type choice decisions of Halifax residents. It utilizes cross-sectional data from the 2022 Halifax Travel Activity (HaliTRAC) survey, which includes questions related to EV adoption. This study also analyzes eight attitudes and lifestyle preferences related statements using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique, and finally extracts three components labeled as “EV enthusiasts”, “sustainable travellers”, and “remote work arrangement admirers”. This paper explores the heterogeneity between two classes for different alternative vehicle type choices, e.g., battery electric vehicle (BEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and regular internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. Based on class membership attributes, class-1 can be identified as those who live in suburban areas, have a large family with high vehicle ownership, and are interested in travelling with their family members, especially with their children and vice-versa for class-2. Results suggest that variables across two classes portray heterogeneity, e.g., full-time worker portray positive correlation for class-1 and negative to class-2; high annual household income group (more than $200 000) exhibit high propensity to choose BEV in class-2 and vice-versa for class-1. Sustainable travelers emphasize the adverse connection towards regular vehicles, while EV enthusiasts demonstrate a favorable association with embracing any type of EV (e.g., BEV, PHEV, or HEV). Furthermore, the findings from this analysis provide guidance for policy measures such as offering purchase incentives, expanding charging infrastructure, and implementing tax rebates to promote the uptake of EVs among the residents of Halifax.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 315-329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.07.009
Shobhit Jain, Praveen Shakyawar, Shivam Singh, Anush K. Chandrappa
Asphalt binder plays a significant role in the performance of asphalt pavement. However, due to the limited availability of crude oil and the increasing cost of asphalt, alternatives are being investigated. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) provides a sustainable solution for the increasing demand of asphalt. However, the amount of RAP which can be utilized in asphalt mixtures is limited due to production and performance issues. Incorporation of high RAP content calls for rejuvenators, which rejuvenate the aged binder and increases the degree of blending. Among various rejuvenators, waste cooking oil (WCO) is gaining increased attention due to its availability and concern towards environmental pollution. When combined in proper proportions with RAP, WCO is a potential rejuvenator, which restores the properties of aged binder to that of unaged asphalt binder. This addresses two problems simultaneously and can greatly benefit the economy and environment. This study focuses on the viscoelastic and rheological properties of the rejuvenated binder with WCO and RAP. The rheological properties are evaluated using frequency sweep test by assessing the complex shear modulus and rutting parameter of different binders. The viscoelastic properties are studied using multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. The data of the MSCR test are analyzed with the Burger model to understand the viscoelastic properties of the rejuvenated RAP binder. For each of 75%, 60%, and 45% RAP, three different oil proportions are selected, and the optimum WCO content is identified. The study concludes that higher RAP content results in lower viscous strain and higher elastic strain, whereas after mixing higher WCO, the viscous strain increases, and the elastic strain decreases. Hence, it is crucial to mix WCO and RAP in the optimum ratio to obtain the desired rheological and viscoelastic properties.
{"title":"The investigation of rheological properties of rejuvenated asphalt binder with waste cooking oil as rejuvenator","authors":"Shobhit Jain, Praveen Shakyawar, Shivam Singh, Anush K. Chandrappa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asphalt binder plays a significant role in the performance of asphalt pavement. However, due to the limited availability of crude oil and the increasing cost of asphalt, alternatives are being investigated. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) provides a sustainable solution for the increasing demand of asphalt. However, the amount of RAP which can be utilized in asphalt mixtures is limited due to production and performance issues. Incorporation of high RAP content calls for rejuvenators, which rejuvenate the aged binder and increases the degree of blending. Among various rejuvenators, waste cooking oil (WCO) is gaining increased attention due to its availability and concern towards environmental pollution. When combined in proper proportions with RAP, WCO is a potential rejuvenator, which restores the properties of aged binder to that of unaged asphalt binder. This addresses two problems simultaneously and can greatly benefit the economy and environment. This study focuses on the viscoelastic and rheological properties of the rejuvenated binder with WCO and RAP. The rheological properties are evaluated using frequency sweep test by assessing the complex shear modulus and rutting parameter of different binders. The viscoelastic properties are studied using multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. The data of the MSCR test are analyzed with the Burger model to understand the viscoelastic properties of the rejuvenated RAP binder. For each of 75%, 60%, and 45% RAP, three different oil proportions are selected, and the optimum WCO content is identified. The study concludes that higher RAP content results in lower viscous strain and higher elastic strain, whereas after mixing higher WCO, the viscous strain increases, and the elastic strain decreases. Hence, it is crucial to mix WCO and RAP in the optimum ratio to obtain the desired rheological and viscoelastic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 305-314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.003
Dianlei Wang , Chi Xie
This study presents a descriptive and prescriptive analysis of rail service subsidies for China Railway Express (CRE) in the China-Europe freight transportation market. The analysis is conducted by advanced mathematical modeling and programming methods. Specifically, we implemented a multicommodity multimodal freight transportation network equilibrium model that can be used for predicting the commodity-specific mode-route cargo flow pattern and hence for assessing the effectiveness and limitations of the current CRE subsidy scheme. To properly quantify the impact of subsidies on individual shippers’ decision making, the model explicitly characterizes individual shippers’ mode-route choice behavior and takes into account shipping cost, transit time, capacity-induced congestion surcharge, and unobserved transportation impedances as shippers’ disutility. The solution of the network equilibrium model resorts to a disaggregate simplicial decomposition (DSD) algorithm within the well-known Lagrangian relaxation framework. A bi-level network-based subsidy optimization model is constructed, in which the upper level aims at minimizing the sum of revenue loss and congestion charge, and the lower level is the aforementioned freight transportation network equilibrium model. A tabu search procedure is proposed and implemented to derive the solution of the bi-level model. The above models and algorithms are then applied to the China-Europe containerized freight transportation network, which comprises all China-Europe liner shipping lines, all CRE service lines, and the highway networks in China and Europe. The evaluation and optimization results show that the current subsidy scheme creates an imbalanced capacity utilization pattern across CRE service lines while an optimized line-specific subsidy solution can yield noteworthy improvements in the service utilization and economic efficiency of CRE.
{"title":"A descriptive and prescriptive analysis of rail service subsidies in the China–Europe freight transportation market","authors":"Dianlei Wang , Chi Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a descriptive and prescriptive analysis of rail service subsidies for China Railway Express (CRE) in the China-Europe freight transportation market. The analysis is conducted by advanced mathematical modeling and programming methods. Specifically, we implemented a multicommodity multimodal freight transportation network equilibrium model that can be used for predicting the commodity-specific mode-route cargo flow pattern and hence for assessing the effectiveness and limitations of the current CRE subsidy scheme. To properly quantify the impact of subsidies on individual shippers’ decision making, the model explicitly characterizes individual shippers’ mode-route choice behavior and takes into account shipping cost, transit time, capacity-induced congestion surcharge, and unobserved transportation impedances as shippers’ disutility. The solution of the network equilibrium model resorts to a disaggregate simplicial decomposition (DSD) algorithm within the well-known Lagrangian relaxation framework. A bi-level network-based subsidy optimization model is constructed, in which the upper level aims at minimizing the sum of revenue loss and congestion charge, and the lower level is the aforementioned freight transportation network equilibrium model. A tabu search procedure is proposed and implemented to derive the solution of the bi-level model. The above models and algorithms are then applied to the China-Europe containerized freight transportation network, which comprises all China-Europe liner shipping lines, all CRE service lines, and the highway networks in China and Europe. The evaluation and optimization results show that the current subsidy scheme creates an imbalanced capacity utilization pattern across CRE service lines while an optimized line-specific subsidy solution can yield noteworthy improvements in the service utilization and economic efficiency of CRE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 160-175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.09.006
Mohammad Bakeri , Farshidreza Haghighi , Amir Izadi
This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on intercity travel mode choices in Mazandaran province, Iran, addressing critical gaps in understanding how pandemics affect travel behavior in developing countries. The research focuses on how socio-economic factors, perceived health risks, and travel time influence individuals’ choices of transportation modes during the pandemic. Using a stated preference (SP) survey method with 669 participants, the study assessed how concerns about virus transmission and adherence to health protocols shape travel decisions. Discrete choice modeling (DCM) was employed to predict travel mode shares between public transport and personal vehicles. The findings reveal that COVID-19 risk perception, socio-economic factors, and travel time significantly impact travel behavior. Specifically, heightened perceived risk of infection resulted in a 25% reduction in public transportation use, with individuals increasingly opting for personal vehicles. Additionally, strict adherence to health protocols, such as mask-wearing and vehicle cleaning, improved safety perception, leading to a 40% increase in confidence in public transport. The study also found that socio-economic factors like age, income, and education significantly shaped travel preferences. These insights provide valuable guidance for public health policymakers and transportation authorities to enhance the safety and management of intercity travel during ongoing and future pandemics.
{"title":"Exploring intercity travel decision-making in a developing country: Insights from COVID-19 impacts in Iran","authors":"Mohammad Bakeri , Farshidreza Haghighi , Amir Izadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtst.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on intercity travel mode choices in Mazandaran province, Iran, addressing critical gaps in understanding how pandemics affect travel behavior in developing countries. The research focuses on how socio-economic factors, perceived health risks, and travel time influence individuals’ choices of transportation modes during the pandemic. Using a stated preference (SP) survey method with 669 participants, the study assessed how concerns about virus transmission and adherence to health protocols shape travel decisions. Discrete choice modeling (DCM) was employed to predict travel mode shares between public transport and personal vehicles. The findings reveal that COVID-19 risk perception, socio-economic factors, and travel time significantly impact travel behavior. Specifically, heightened perceived risk of infection resulted in a 25% reduction in public transportation use, with individuals increasingly opting for personal vehicles. Additionally, strict adherence to health protocols, such as mask-wearing and vehicle cleaning, improved safety perception, leading to a 40% increase in confidence in public transport. The study also found that socio-economic factors like age, income, and education significantly shaped travel preferences. These insights provide valuable guidance for public health policymakers and transportation authorities to enhance the safety and management of intercity travel during ongoing and future pandemics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52282,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 343-370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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