This paper investigates the time-dependent sensitivity of structural reliability assessment to multi-source uncertainties using Lamb wave. To precisely model the influence of local damage on the structure in the course of damage growth, a surface damage effect model is proposed to obtain the equivalent elasticity modulus which can be coupled with the structure model. The evolution of the surface damage is modeled using the fatigue crack propagation model. Furthermore, by setting up the component and structure failure criteria, the time-dependent reliability model of the structure under multi-source uncertainties from Lamb wave detection and material properties is established. The method of score function is employed to evaluate the sensitivity index, which is defined as the derivative of the reliability with respect to the distribution parameters of uncertain variables. A spatial truss structure is used to demonstrate the overall procedure. Numerical results show that the sensitivities indices are time- and damage size-dependent. The sensitivity contributions from Lamb wave quantification model and the material properties are comparable when the crack size is relatively small. When the crack grows to a larger size, the reliability assessment result is much more sensitive to uncertainties associated with material properties.
{"title":"Time-dependent sensitivity of structural reliability assessment to multi-source uncertainties using Lamb wave","authors":"Chao Luan, Xuefei Guan, Jingjing He","doi":"10.1115/1.4055699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055699","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper investigates the time-dependent sensitivity of structural reliability assessment to multi-source uncertainties using Lamb wave. To precisely model the influence of local damage on the structure in the course of damage growth, a surface damage effect model is proposed to obtain the equivalent elasticity modulus which can be coupled with the structure model. The evolution of the surface damage is modeled using the fatigue crack propagation model. Furthermore, by setting up the component and structure failure criteria, the time-dependent reliability model of the structure under multi-source uncertainties from Lamb wave detection and material properties is established. The method of score function is employed to evaluate the sensitivity index, which is defined as the derivative of the reliability with respect to the distribution parameters of uncertain variables. A spatial truss structure is used to demonstrate the overall procedure. Numerical results show that the sensitivities indices are time- and damage size-dependent. The sensitivity contributions from Lamb wave quantification model and the material properties are comparable when the crack size is relatively small. When the crack grows to a larger size, the reliability assessment result is much more sensitive to uncertainties associated with material properties.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"342 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79548467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honeycomb composite sandwich structures are extensively used for the manufacturing of many different components of aerospace, automobiles, wind turbine blades, and marine ship hull structures. Despite its widespread use and advantages, the honeycomb core is frequently damaged during production and operation, even if the damage is not visible on the face sheet. In this study, an ultrasonic guided wave (GW) propagation technique is utilised for robust and reliable non-destructive evaluation of a honeycomb composite sandwich panel (HCSP) in the presence of core crush damage. A 2D semi-analytical model was developed to understand the dispersion characteristics in the HCSP and to identify various modes of GW propagation in the signals. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out using ABAQUS, to study the guided wave interaction with core crush damage. For this purpose, two numerical models were considered (a realistic model with both crushed core and cavity, and a simplified model that only comprises of the cavity) and experimentally validated using a contact-type transducer. It is found that presence of core crush damage in a HCSP increases the amplitude and group velocity of the primary anti-symmetric mode, and this characteristic has been used for localisation of the core crush region in the HCSP. Finally, a damage detection algorithm using signal difference coefficient is presented for successful localization of the core crush region within a square monitoring area. Unlike other studies reported in literature, we demonstrate the utility of the simplified numerical model for studying GW interactions with core crush defect, and experimentally validate the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique to localize core crush defect on an HCSP.
{"title":"Study of ultrasonic guided wave interaction with core crush damage for NDE of a honeycomb composite sandwich panel","authors":"Ramanna Raja B, S. Tallur, Sauvik Banerjee","doi":"10.1115/1.4055549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055549","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Honeycomb composite sandwich structures are extensively used for the manufacturing of many different components of aerospace, automobiles, wind turbine blades, and marine ship hull structures. Despite its widespread use and advantages, the honeycomb core is frequently damaged during production and operation, even if the damage is not visible on the face sheet. In this study, an ultrasonic guided wave (GW) propagation technique is utilised for robust and reliable non-destructive evaluation of a honeycomb composite sandwich panel (HCSP) in the presence of core crush damage. A 2D semi-analytical model was developed to understand the dispersion characteristics in the HCSP and to identify various modes of GW propagation in the signals. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out using ABAQUS, to study the guided wave interaction with core crush damage. For this purpose, two numerical models were considered (a realistic model with both crushed core and cavity, and a simplified model that only comprises of the cavity) and experimentally validated using a contact-type transducer. It is found that presence of core crush damage in a HCSP increases the amplitude and group velocity of the primary anti-symmetric mode, and this characteristic has been used for localisation of the core crush region in the HCSP. Finally, a damage detection algorithm using signal difference coefficient is presented for successful localization of the core crush region within a square monitoring area. Unlike other studies reported in literature, we demonstrate the utility of the simplified numerical model for studying GW interactions with core crush defect, and experimentally validate the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique to localize core crush defect on an HCSP.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81087113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased effort for light-weighting of automotive struc- tures results in replacement of traditional metals to com- posites. Adhesive bonding is the best joining solution for composite components owing to its superior stress dis- tribution and light-weighting. However, adhesive and adhesive-adhered interfaces are the weakest link in the structure. During fatigue crack propagation, joints do not show any significant visual changes. Thus, fatigue dam- age in adhesive bond line is one of the challenging and complex failure mechanisms that requires real-time diag- nostic and prognostic technique to avoid any catastrophic failure. This paper proposes an acoustic technique for real-time fatigue damage diagnosis and prognosis. Based on experimental guided wave modal analysis, symmetric mode at 85 kHz is found to be the most sensitive mode- frequency combination for fatigue monitoring of selected lap-joint specimen. Further, a hybrid data-driven damage propagation model is used to estimate the remaining use- ful life in the bond-line. The developed techniques were successfully implemented and validated on a single lap joint under fatigue loading. Estimated damage levels and remaining useful life are in good agreement with refer- ence measurements. Successful validation is an indicative of potential application of this technology in automotive industries.
{"title":"Diagnosis and Prognosis of Fatigue Damage in Adhesively Bonded Joints using Ultrasound NDE","authors":"R. Palanisamy, P. Banerjee, M. Haq, Y. Deng","doi":"10.1115/1.4055475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055475","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increased effort for light-weighting of automotive struc- tures results in replacement of traditional metals to com- posites. Adhesive bonding is the best joining solution for composite components owing to its superior stress dis- tribution and light-weighting. However, adhesive and adhesive-adhered interfaces are the weakest link in the structure. During fatigue crack propagation, joints do not show any significant visual changes. Thus, fatigue dam- age in adhesive bond line is one of the challenging and complex failure mechanisms that requires real-time diag- nostic and prognostic technique to avoid any catastrophic failure. This paper proposes an acoustic technique for real-time fatigue damage diagnosis and prognosis. Based on experimental guided wave modal analysis, symmetric mode at 85 kHz is found to be the most sensitive mode- frequency combination for fatigue monitoring of selected lap-joint specimen. Further, a hybrid data-driven damage propagation model is used to estimate the remaining use- ful life in the bond-line. The developed techniques were successfully implemented and validated on a single lap joint under fatigue loading. Estimated damage levels and remaining useful life are in good agreement with refer- ence measurements. Successful validation is an indicative of potential application of this technology in automotive industries.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81463810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a high-speed non-contact rail inspection technique that has the potential of detecting internal rail defects at regular (revenue) train speeds. The technique utilizes an array of capacitive air-coupled ultrasonic transducers in continuous recording mode to extract a reconstructed transfer function for a rail segment in a passive manner. The passive approach utilizes the ambient excitation of the rail induced by the wheels of the test car and eliminates the need of a controlled source. A normalized cross correlation operator with modified Welch's periodogram technique is used to extract the transfer function in a manner that is independent of the uncontrolled excitation source (rolling wheels). Discontinuities in the rail (e.g., joints, welds and defects) alter the reconstructed transfer function which is statistically tracked using an outlier analysis for detection robustness and sensitivity. Field tests were carried out with a prototype at the Transportation Technology Center Inc (TTCI) in Pueblo, Colorado at testing speeds of up to 80 mph. The performance of the system in detecting rail discontinuities was assessed via Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for a range of varying operational parameters such as excitation strength, baseline distribution length, testing speed, and multiple runs.
{"title":"High-Speed Inspection of Rails by Passive Ultrasonic Monitoring","authors":"D. Datta, F. Lanza di Scalea","doi":"10.1115/1.4055382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055382","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a high-speed non-contact rail inspection technique that has the potential of detecting internal rail defects at regular (revenue) train speeds. The technique utilizes an array of capacitive air-coupled ultrasonic transducers in continuous recording mode to extract a reconstructed transfer function for a rail segment in a passive manner. The passive approach utilizes the ambient excitation of the rail induced by the wheels of the test car and eliminates the need of a controlled source. A normalized cross correlation operator with modified Welch's periodogram technique is used to extract the transfer function in a manner that is independent of the uncontrolled excitation source (rolling wheels). Discontinuities in the rail (e.g., joints, welds and defects) alter the reconstructed transfer function which is statistically tracked using an outlier analysis for detection robustness and sensitivity. Field tests were carried out with a prototype at the Transportation Technology Center Inc (TTCI) in Pueblo, Colorado at testing speeds of up to 80 mph. The performance of the system in detecting rail discontinuities was assessed via Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for a range of varying operational parameters such as excitation strength, baseline distribution length, testing speed, and multiple runs.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"354 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76602528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Liu, S. Laflamme, Carter Morgan, Matthew Nelson, S. Bentil
Additive manufacturing (AM) parts retain a certain degree of individuality and could suffer from a combination of different defect types, and is therefore the non-destructive evaluation on AM parts remains a challenging task. Engineering non-contact and non-destructive real-time inspection and in-situ quality assurance of AM parts would be a net improvement compared to current quality control methods that are conducted post-production. Here, the authors propose to combine the use of a laser vibrometer with a compression-driven shock tube to assess the quality of AM parts through the evaluation of the vibration spectra of the part. An AM of a cylindrical part was selected for the study, along with different defect types and sizes. These defects include internal voids of different sizes at different locations, local changes in thickness (infill), and local changes in melting temperatures. A numerical model was created and validated using experimental data to conduct model assisted probability of detection (MAPOD). Results were analyzed by evaluating correlation matrices between different models. Results showed that vibration spectra induced by a shock wave were sensitive to different types and sizes of defects under the studied geometry. The defect index yielded an approximately linear relationship with respect to defect void severity. MAPOD curve studies revealed a minimum detectable void defect 0.039% of the AM parts volume.
{"title":"Real-Time Nondestructive Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing using a Laser Vibrometer and Shock Tube","authors":"Han Liu, S. Laflamme, Carter Morgan, Matthew Nelson, S. Bentil","doi":"10.1115/1.4055383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055383","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Additive manufacturing (AM) parts retain a certain degree of individuality and could suffer from a combination of different defect types, and is therefore the non-destructive evaluation on AM parts remains a challenging task. Engineering non-contact and non-destructive real-time inspection and in-situ quality assurance of AM parts would be a net improvement compared to current quality control methods that are conducted post-production. Here, the authors propose to combine the use of a laser vibrometer with a compression-driven shock tube to assess the quality of AM parts through the evaluation of the vibration spectra of the part. An AM of a cylindrical part was selected for the study, along with different defect types and sizes. These defects include internal voids of different sizes at different locations, local changes in thickness (infill), and local changes in melting temperatures. A numerical model was created and validated using experimental data to conduct model assisted probability of detection (MAPOD). Results were analyzed by evaluating correlation matrices between different models. Results showed that vibration spectra induced by a shock wave were sensitive to different types and sizes of defects under the studied geometry. The defect index yielded an approximately linear relationship with respect to defect void severity. MAPOD curve studies revealed a minimum detectable void defect 0.039% of the AM parts volume.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88163074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Misalignment is among the most common causes of vibrations in rotary machinery. Modern machinery is complicated and installing a sensor might be tricky at times. As a result, non-contact type sensors are critical in such situations. The present study investigates the influence of combinations between speed, load, and fault severity upon system vibration employing acoustic sensor. Although acoustic sensor is used in angular fault diagnosis, but this is the first attempt to combine the noncontact type of sensor and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to study the influence of misalignment upon system vibration and the factors that induce system vibrations in a misaligned rotor system. To investigate the effect of these interactions on system performance, RSM with Root Mean Square (RMS) as a response factor is used. Design of experiments is used to prepare experiments, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to analyze the results. Speed has a significant impact on RMS value in both parallel and angular types of misalignments and it severely affects the system performance. According to the RSM findings, a change in load, influences vibration amplitude. With increasing defect severity, the change in RMS value was not particularly significant. The outcome of RSM using acoustic sensor found well aligned with the conclusion drawn using RSM study using vibrational sensor.
{"title":"Condition Monitoring of Misaligned Rotor System Using Acoustic Sensor by Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Shital M. Patil, A. Jalan, A. Marathe","doi":"10.1115/1.4054975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054975","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Misalignment is among the most common causes of vibrations in rotary machinery. Modern machinery is complicated and installing a sensor might be tricky at times. As a result, non-contact type sensors are critical in such situations. The present study investigates the influence of combinations between speed, load, and fault severity upon system vibration employing acoustic sensor. Although acoustic sensor is used in angular fault diagnosis, but this is the first attempt to combine the noncontact type of sensor and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to study the influence of misalignment upon system vibration and the factors that induce system vibrations in a misaligned rotor system. To investigate the effect of these interactions on system performance, RSM with Root Mean Square (RMS) as a response factor is used. Design of experiments is used to prepare experiments, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to analyze the results. Speed has a significant impact on RMS value in both parallel and angular types of misalignments and it severely affects the system performance. According to the RSM findings, a change in load, influences vibration amplitude. With increasing defect severity, the change in RMS value was not particularly significant. The outcome of RSM using acoustic sensor found well aligned with the conclusion drawn using RSM study using vibrational sensor.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"147 Pt 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84056814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the fatigue damage in type 304 stainless steel was estimated using an inherent magnetic sensor via plane bending fatigue tests and the electromagnetic impedance method. The sensor was a magnetic composite material incorporating a ferromagnetic martensite phase generated in type 304 stainless steel by a surface finish process during the production stage. The output properties of this sensor as a function of the number of cycles were evaluated under various conditions. It was demonstrated that this sensor could detect fatigue damage starting from the zeroth cycle. The sensor output repeatability was evaluated, and the variation in the output between the inherent magnetic sensors was approximately 10% regardless of the sensor type and total strain amplitude. By using the two proposed estimation methods, the specific fatigue level and number of cycles could be estimated with errors of 3%-27%. These results indicated that the inherent magnetic sensor was suitable for use for fatigue damage estimation.
{"title":"Inherent magnetic sensor for estimation of fatigue damage in type 304 stainless steel","authors":"K. Kinoshita","doi":"10.1115/1.4054892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054892","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, the fatigue damage in type 304 stainless steel was estimated using an inherent magnetic sensor via plane bending fatigue tests and the electromagnetic impedance method. The sensor was a magnetic composite material incorporating a ferromagnetic martensite phase generated in type 304 stainless steel by a surface finish process during the production stage. The output properties of this sensor as a function of the number of cycles were evaluated under various conditions. It was demonstrated that this sensor could detect fatigue damage starting from the zeroth cycle. The sensor output repeatability was evaluated, and the variation in the output between the inherent magnetic sensors was approximately 10% regardless of the sensor type and total strain amplitude. By using the two proposed estimation methods, the specific fatigue level and number of cycles could be estimated with errors of 3%-27%. These results indicated that the inherent magnetic sensor was suitable for use for fatigue damage estimation.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"182 Suppl 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78878223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guided wave ultrasound has been used to monitor continuously welded rail track by transmitting guided wave ultrasound between alternate transmit and receive stations along the rail. A section of rail was encountered where transmission was not reliably achieved. It was found that there was considerable flank wear on the rail head, which varied in a sinusoidal pattern over approximately 10 m. The scattering due to the wear is investigated in this paper using numerical modeling. A 3D finite element model of the section of rail containing the wear defect was coupled to two semi-analytical finite element models of the incoming and outgoing waveguides. In the case of a 10 m long defect, which is over 100 wavelengths long, the 3D FE matrices were excessively large, and the global matrices could not be assembled nor solved. An approach of successively assembling layers of the mesh and reducing out internal degrees of freedom in the dynamic stiffness matrix was successfully adopted. The influence of the length of the wear on the transmission loss was computed. It was found that short wear lengths generally cause more transmission loss although the relationship is not monotonic. It was found that the long wear seen in the field does not cause transmission loss. In this case where the change in cross-section is gradual the incoming mode converted to a single mode in the smallest cross-section and this mode converted back to the incoming mode in the second half of the wear section.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Guided Wave Transmission Through a Long Defect in a Rail Track","authors":"P. Loveday, C. Long","doi":"10.1115/1.4054790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054790","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Guided wave ultrasound has been used to monitor continuously welded rail track by transmitting guided wave ultrasound between alternate transmit and receive stations along the rail. A section of rail was encountered where transmission was not reliably achieved. It was found that there was considerable flank wear on the rail head, which varied in a sinusoidal pattern over approximately 10 m. The scattering due to the wear is investigated in this paper using numerical modeling. A 3D finite element model of the section of rail containing the wear defect was coupled to two semi-analytical finite element models of the incoming and outgoing waveguides. In the case of a 10 m long defect, which is over 100 wavelengths long, the 3D FE matrices were excessively large, and the global matrices could not be assembled nor solved. An approach of successively assembling layers of the mesh and reducing out internal degrees of freedom in the dynamic stiffness matrix was successfully adopted. The influence of the length of the wear on the transmission loss was computed. It was found that short wear lengths generally cause more transmission loss although the relationship is not monotonic. It was found that the long wear seen in the field does not cause transmission loss. In this case where the change in cross-section is gradual the incoming mode converted to a single mode in the smallest cross-section and this mode converted back to the incoming mode in the second half of the wear section.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81965241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nidhal Bouslama, N. Quaegebeur, A. Maslouhi, P. Masson
Under dynamic loading conditions, damage in a plain weave Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite is a complex and multiscale process especially in the presence of a manufacturing flaw. In this context, this paper investigates the impact of an inserted flaw on the damage scenario and stiffness degradation over fatigue life. To achieve this objective, a full three-dimensional Finite Element Model (FEM) is developed to evaluate the stress distribution induced by the local defect. Fatigue tests are then performed on two configurations with and without inserted flaws with continuous monitoring by NDT techniques. The Acoustic Emission (AE) method is used for damage quantification and source localization while Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Air-Coupled Ultrasonics (ACU) are applied to evaluate the stiffness degradation. The cross results obtained using the three monitoring techniques provide an insight into the damage process and stiffness degradation in woven composite with a simulated manufacturing flaw.
{"title":"Impact of manufacturing flaw on fatigue damage development and on stiffness variation in woven composite plates","authors":"Nidhal Bouslama, N. Quaegebeur, A. Maslouhi, P. Masson","doi":"10.1115/1.4054656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054656","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Under dynamic loading conditions, damage in a plain weave Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite is a complex and multiscale process especially in the presence of a manufacturing flaw. In this context, this paper investigates the impact of an inserted flaw on the damage scenario and stiffness degradation over fatigue life. To achieve this objective, a full three-dimensional Finite Element Model (FEM) is developed to evaluate the stress distribution induced by the local defect. Fatigue tests are then performed on two configurations with and without inserted flaws with continuous monitoring by NDT techniques. The Acoustic Emission (AE) method is used for damage quantification and source localization while Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Air-Coupled Ultrasonics (ACU) are applied to evaluate the stiffness degradation. The cross results obtained using the three monitoring techniques provide an insight into the damage process and stiffness degradation in woven composite with a simulated manufacturing flaw.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78393757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In-situ monitoring techniques for additive manufacturing are in high demand to help produce reliable parts. The structural integrity of these parts depends on both the presence of flaws and their microstructure. Ultrasonic Rayleigh waves have the potential to identify flaws and assess the local microstructure during directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing processes, but the scattering associated with the surface roughness degrades the ultrasonic signal and must be understood to extract useful information. Herein, the microstructures and surface profiles of DED and wrought Ti-6Al-4V are compared to provide context for measured Rayleigh wave speeds and second harmonic generation. The Rayleigh wave speed and second harmonic generation for DED and wrought Ti-6Al-4V materials having comparable surface roughness are significantly different. The wave speed measured in DED material is 3% slower than in wrought material, and the relative nonlinearity parameter, commonly used to characterize second harmonic generation, is 3.5-6.0 times higher for polished surfaces. Wave speed and second harmonic generation measurements are also made along the hatch and across the hatch for both as-built and glazed DED surfaces. Based on our results, we conclude that in-situ Rayleigh wave linear and nonlinear measurements are possible; although we acknowledge that in-situ angle-beam transducer generation would be challenging, and thus we will investigate pulsed laser generation in future work.
{"title":"Ultrasonic Rayleigh wave interrogation of DED Ti-6Al-4V having a rough surface","authors":"C. Bakre, A. Nassar, E. Reutzel, C. Lissenden","doi":"10.1115/1.4054539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054539","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In-situ monitoring techniques for additive manufacturing are in high demand to help produce reliable parts. The structural integrity of these parts depends on both the presence of flaws and their microstructure. Ultrasonic Rayleigh waves have the potential to identify flaws and assess the local microstructure during directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing processes, but the scattering associated with the surface roughness degrades the ultrasonic signal and must be understood to extract useful information. Herein, the microstructures and surface profiles of DED and wrought Ti-6Al-4V are compared to provide context for measured Rayleigh wave speeds and second harmonic generation. The Rayleigh wave speed and second harmonic generation for DED and wrought Ti-6Al-4V materials having comparable surface roughness are significantly different. The wave speed measured in DED material is 3% slower than in wrought material, and the relative nonlinearity parameter, commonly used to characterize second harmonic generation, is 3.5-6.0 times higher for polished surfaces. Wave speed and second harmonic generation measurements are also made along the hatch and across the hatch for both as-built and glazed DED surfaces. Based on our results, we conclude that in-situ Rayleigh wave linear and nonlinear measurements are possible; although we acknowledge that in-situ angle-beam transducer generation would be challenging, and thus we will investigate pulsed laser generation in future work.","PeriodicalId":52294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems","volume":"42 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76608538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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