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Izvestiya of Saratov University, New Series: Physics最新文献

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«Eastern agreement» of Ismail Gasprinsky: The formation of an early Eurasian concept (1880–1890s) 伊斯梅尔·加斯普林斯基的“东方协定”:早期欧亚概念的形成(1880 - 1890年代)
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-3-298-304
S. Seliverstov
The article is devoted to the formation of the Eurasian intellectual tendency in Russia – based on the material of the Turkic social thought. The views of the Turkic-Muslim leader Ismail Gasprinsky are reconstructed. His ideas about the rapprochement between Russia and Turkey, about a potential «Eastern agreement» with the participation of Russia, Turkey, Persia and the Balkan states are shown. It is concluded that the idea of an «Eastern agreement» is (in terms of content and meaning) an early Eurasian/pro-Eurasian concept.
本文以突厥社会思想为材料,探讨欧亚主义思潮在俄罗斯的形成。重建了突厥-穆斯林领袖伊斯梅尔·加斯普林斯基的观点。他关于俄罗斯和土耳其之间的和解,关于俄罗斯、土耳其、波斯和巴尔干国家参与的潜在“东方协议”的想法被展示出来。结论是,“东方协定”的概念(就内容和意义而言)是一个早期的欧亚/亲欧亚概念。
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引用次数: 0
Freedom and inequality: On the problem of the history and philosophy of liberalism 自由与不平等:论自由主义的历史与哲学问题
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7671-2021-21-3-283-287
V. Rozhkov
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the doctrinal identification of freedom and inequality by classical liberalism and neoliberalism. Identifying the features of the naturalistic and theological approaches to the manifestation of inequality in human communities, the author notes the philosophical justification of the legal argumentation of inequality in the theories of natural law and the social contract of modern thinkers. The appeal to the value dynamics reflected in the slogans of the French revolution of the 18th century allows the author to reveal the gradual displacement of the priorities of “Equality” and “Brotherhood”, which were put forward by the revolutionary democracy, by the liberal movements. The final statement of Locke’s version of the orientation of classical liberalism on the triad “Freedom. Property. Life”, according to the author, logically determines the identification of freedom with inequality, and equality with slavery by representatives of liberal circles. The development of the concepts of “social solidarity” by the theorists of neoliberalism, according to the author’s proof, does not change the liberal attitude to “freedom in inequality”. The analysis of the categories of freedom and inequality allows the author to formulate the contradictions of this provision. The article concludes that with the aggravation of the derived contradiction to the maximum, the risk of self-denial of liberalism increases.
本文致力于研究古典自由主义和新自由主义对自由和不平等的理论认同问题。作者指出了自然主义和神学方法对人类社会不平等表现的特点,并指出了现代思想家在自然法理论和社会契约理论中对不平等的法律论证的哲学论证。通过对18世纪法国大革命口号中体现的价值动态的诉求,作者揭示了革命民主主义所提出的“平等”和“兄弟情谊”的优先事项逐渐被自由主义运动所取代。最后陈述了洛克版本的古典自由主义取向上的三位一体“自由”。财产。在作者看来,“生活”在逻辑上决定了自由圈的代表把自由等同于不平等,把平等等同于奴役。根据作者的证明,新自由主义理论家对“社会团结”概念的发展并没有改变自由主义者对“不平等中的自由”的态度。通过对自由和不平等范畴的分析,作者可以阐述这一规定的矛盾之处。文章的结论是,随着派生矛盾的最大程度的加剧,自由主义自我否定的风险也随之增加。
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引用次数: 0
Chords of the «Cold War»: Music as a resource for representing the «image of the other» in Anglo-American cinema “冷战”的和弦:英美电影中代表“他者形象”的音乐资源
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-3-353-358
K. Yudin
The article is devoted to the study of the role of music and sound effects in the Anglo-American cinematograph. An attempt is made to assess the political and symbolic potential of media resources for representing the «image of another». To this end, the author examines a number of specific films created at different stages of the Cold War. Conclusions are made about the use of the following methods of media construction: noir representation, political-satirical spectrum, modes of address-local or mixed/combined borrowing of compositions, imitation of a «different» culture.
这篇文章致力于研究音乐和音效在英美电影中的作用。试图评估媒体资源代表“另一个人的形象”的政治和象征潜力。为此,作者考察了一些在冷战不同阶段创作的具体电影。结论是关于以下媒介建构方法的使用:黑色表现,政治讽刺光谱,地址模式-本地或混合/组合借用作品,模仿“不同”文化。
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引用次数: 1
Dagestan aul of the NEP era: Touches of everyday life (the first half of the 1920s) 新经济政策时代的达吉斯坦保罗:日常生活的接触(20世纪20年代上半叶)
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-3-389-394
M. Amirkhanova
The article examines rural everyday life in Dagestan in the first decade of Soviet power. On the basis of archival documents, the influence of the NEP on the daily life of the rural population, which turned out to be burdensome for them, is revealed. Despite the class approach, the new tax campaign led to a deterioration in the financial situation of the highlander, since it was carried out without taking into account the specifics of the republic’s agriculture. An important factor for improving the financial situation of the population was the effective development of agricultural production, for which it was necessary to implement a whole range of measures: land reclamation, provision of agricultural machinery. In this regard, the state’s assistance, the creation of agricultural partnerships, and the provision of loans were tangible. The author comes to the conclusion that the new economic policy of the state for the Dagestan aul had a twofold character. Although it was intended to develop the production initiative of a small producer, in the end, the tax system was created.
这篇文章考察了苏联执政头十年达吉斯坦农村的日常生活。在文献资料的基础上,揭示了新经济政策给农村人口的日常生活带来的沉重负担。尽管采取了阶级方法,但新的税收运动导致了高地人财政状况的恶化,因为它的实施没有考虑到共和国农业的具体情况。改善人口财政状况的一个重要因素是农业生产的有效发展,为此必须执行一系列措施:土地复垦、提供农业机械。在这方面,国家的援助、农业伙伴关系的建立和贷款的提供都是实实在在的。笔者认为,国家对达吉斯坦的新经济政策具有两面性。虽然它的目的是发展一个小生产者的生产主动性,但最终,税收制度被创造出来了。
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引用次数: 0
The investigation of the porosity scale effect and elastic anisotropy in Bashkirian limestones 巴什基利亚灰岩孔隙度尺度效应及弹性各向异性研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2021-21-3-209-217
D. Khassanov, O. Andrushkevich, M. Lonshakov
The article presents the methodology of the representative elementary volume definition for 1 m long whole core segments. Scientific articles focused on factors controlling elastic properties are analysed. Terms of additivity and nonadditivity for physical properties of rocks are discussed. The algorithm of core sampling including drilling out of three perpendicular core samples for estimation of elastic anisotropy was used. Porosity values of 1 m long whole core fragment evaluated in two ways using original core samples in the first approach and core samples having volume 133 cm3 in the second way have been compared. Peculiarities of scale effect of porosity in core samples of limestones are analysed.
本文介绍了1米长全岩心段的代表性初等体积定义方法。分析了有关控制弹性性能因素的科学文章。讨论了岩石物理性质的可加性和非可加性术语。采用岩心采样法,对三个垂直岩心样本进行钻取,估算弹性各向异性。比较了用原始岩心样品和体积为133 cm3的岩心样品分别用两种方法评估的1 m长的全岩心碎片孔隙度值。分析了灰岩岩心孔隙度尺度效应的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Main difficulties in the development of the assessment competence of teachers 教师评价能力发展的主要困难
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7671-2021-21-3-339-343
Larisa M. Vladimirova
This article discusses the relevance of the problem of teachers readiness to develop assessment competence. A modern teacher should have professional competencies to adequately and objectively assess not only the quality of educational planned results of students, but also the quality of their own educational activities. To implement new and modern procedures for evaluating and controlling the quality of professional and educational activities, every teacher must have the desire and willingness to develop evaluation competence. In accordance with the normative documents, such as the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, the State Program of the Russian Federation “Development of Education” for 2013–2020 and the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, the problem of developing the assessment competence of teachers in modern conditions has become very relevant and important recently. This study was conducted on the basis of Kuzbass Regional Institute of Advanced Training and Retraining of Educational Workers, in which we used theoretical and practical analysis, as well as observation, focus group discussion, survey and questionnaire survey of primary school teachers. The concept of “evaluative competence” is considered by us as an important and necessary component of educational activity, which is included in the structure of the teacher’s professional competence.
本文探讨了教师评价能力培养准备问题的相关性。现代教师不仅要具备充分客观评价学生教育计划成果质量的专业能力,还要具备充分客观评价自身教育活动质量的专业能力。为了实施新的和现代的程序来评估和控制专业和教育活动的质量,每个教师都必须有发展评估能力的愿望和意愿。根据《俄罗斯联邦教育法》、《2013-2020年俄罗斯联邦“教育发展”国家计划》和《联邦小学普通教育国家教育标准》等规范性文件,发展现代条件下教师评估能力的问题最近变得非常相关和重要。本研究以库兹巴斯地区教育工作者高级培训与再培训研究所为基础,采用理论分析和实践分析相结合的方法,对小学教师进行观察、焦点小组讨论、调查和问卷调查。“评价能力”的概念被我们认为是教育活动的一个重要和必要的组成部分,它包含在教师专业能力的结构中。
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引用次数: 0
Possibilities of using space-cartographic methods in strategic environmental assessment 在战略环境评价中使用空间制图方法的可能性
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2021-21-3-152-158
Yaroslav A. Zheleznov
This article analyzes the current state of space-cartographic research methods and their application in strategic environmental assessment using the example of processing space-cartographic material and its digitalization in order to form a digital management platform that will further allow developing necessary measures for effective environmental management. The basics are briefly outlined and the possibility of using space-cartographic methods to study the state of geoecosystems for solving highly specialized problems in the context of strategic environmental assessment is considered. On a specific example, the main results of these methods application for assessing the geoecological state of the coal-mining areas of the Kemerovo Oblast in the context of strategic environmental assessment are considered.
本文以空间制图资料处理及其数字化为例,分析了空间制图研究方法的现状及其在战略环境评价中的应用,以期形成一个数字化管理平台,进一步制定有效环境管理的必要措施。简要概述了基本知识,并考虑了在战略环境评估的背景下使用空间制图方法研究地理生态系统状况以解决高度专业化问题的可能性。结合具体实例,分析了这些方法在克麦罗沃州煤矿区地质生态状况战略环境评价中的主要应用结果。
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引用次数: 0
The alter-globalism movement and its successors: The struggle for common human identity? 另类全球主义运动及其后继者:争取人类共同身份的斗争?
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7671-2021-21-3-268-272
V. O. Melnikov
The crisis state of society, expressed in the breakdown of traditional institutions, escalation of conflicts in the international arena, environmental problems, alienation and other issues need to be resolved. It is necessary to solve social problems by the whole society, but a problem arises here: while there is no unifying, universal platform and single identity, the society remains atomized and fragmented. Nevertheless, there have been attempts to create such a platform, with the formation of a common identity. The most striking example was the alter-globalization movement, which rebelled against the neoliberal version of globalization and all the problems it poses. In the opinion of the authors of this article, the alter-globalization movement fought for a truly general humanistic content of a process that would unite all mankind. It was this movement, despite the fact that it eventually collapsed, that set the vector of development for social movements for several decades to come. So, “Occupy Wall Street”, “square movements”, modern populist movements, etc. – all of them, despite many differences between them, one way or another, fought for another future, for an alternative, inalienable world. At the same time, in recent years, we can see that the tendency to unite people in the struggle for such a goal is only gaining momentum, which, apparently, will determine the socio-political agenda of our time for a long time to come. The novelty of this study is a view on socio-political movements as mechanisms for the development of a common human identity, where the “customer” is the whole modern crisis mankind.
传统体制的崩溃、国际舞台上冲突的升级、环境问题、异化和其他问题所表现的社会危机状态需要得到解决。解决社会问题需要全社会的力量,但这里出现了一个问题:没有一个统一的、通用的平台和单一的身份,社会仍然是原子化的、碎片化的。然而,已经有人尝试创建这样一个平台,形成一个共同的身份。最显著的例子是反全球化运动,它反对全球化的新自由主义版本及其带来的所有问题。在这篇文章的作者看来,反全球化运动为一个将全人类团结起来的进程争取一个真正普遍的人文内涵。正是这场运动,尽管它最终失败了,为未来几十年的社会运动奠定了发展的方向。因此,“占领华尔街”、“广场运动”、现代民粹主义运动等等——所有这些运动,尽管它们之间存在许多差异,但它们都以这样或那样的方式,为另一种未来而战,为另一种不可分割的世界而战。与此同时,近年来,我们可以看到,团结人民为实现这一目标而斗争的趋势只会越来越强劲,这显然将在今后很长一段时间内决定我们时代的社会政治议程。这项研究的新颖之处在于,它将社会政治运动视为人类共同身份发展的机制,其中“客户”是整个现代危机人类。
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引用次数: 0
Creation and deployment of scientific institutions for the study of Dagestan in the 20s of the 20th century 20世纪20年代达吉斯坦研究科学机构的创建和部署
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-3-395-402
M. Mirzabekov
The article considers the activities of the authorities of the republic on the creation of scientific institutions in the region in the 20s of the twentieth century by using diverse factual material. In conclusion, the author comes to a reasonable conclusion that in the period under review, the first research institutes and laboratories began to function in the region, despite significant difficulties.
本文通过使用各种事实材料,考虑了共和国当局在20世纪20年代在该地区建立科学机构的活动。最后,作者得出一个合理的结论,即在本报告所述期间,尽管困难重重,第一批研究所和实验室已开始在该区域发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Main (Grundfrage) and leading (Leitfrage) questions about being: Claim for ancient understanding 关于存在的主要问题(Grundfrage)和主要问题(Leitfrage):对古代理解的主张
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7671-2021-21-3-242-246
M. Bogatov
The article is devoted to the question of being in Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, namely, his claim to understand the ancient idea of being. In his work “Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning)”, Heidegger distinguishes between the understanding of being as the being of everything that exists and his own understanding of being as such, out of connection with things. He calls the first point the “leading question” and attributes its authorship to Aristotle, the second one – “the main question”. The article discusses the relationship of these issues, the possibility of their formal coincidence and discrepancy between them. The first part of the article introduces the context of Heidegger’s thought. It deals with the “ontological difference” that Heidegger introduces in the framework of “Being and Time”, as well as with what transformation this difference undergoes in his later works, after the “turn” (“Kehre”). In the second part of the article, attention is drawn to the convergence and divergence of the “leading question” from the “main one” by clarifying the ontology of Aristotle. Particular attention is paid to various ways of understanding existence, in particular – an incidental and accidental existence. At the end of the article, the attempt will be made to reconstruct the direction of Heidegger's thought, based on the results of consideration achieved earlier.
本文致力于探讨海德格尔基本本体论中的存在问题,即他对古代存在观念的理解。在他的著作《对哲学的贡献(From enown)》中,海德格尔区分了对存在的理解是作为存在的一切的存在,以及他自己对与事物无关的存在的理解。他称第一点为“引导问题”,并将其归功于亚里士多德,第二点为“主要问题”。本文讨论了这两个问题之间的关系,以及它们在形式上符合或不一致的可能性。文章的第一部分介绍了海德格尔思想的语境。探讨海德格尔在“存在与时间”框架中引入的“本体论差异”,以及这种差异在他后来的作品中,在“转向”(“Kehre”)之后,经历了怎样的转变。文章的第二部分,通过对亚里士多德本体论的梳理,关注“引导问题”与“主要问题”的趋同与背离。特别注意到理解存在的各种方式,特别是-偶然和偶然的存在。在文章的最后,我们将尝试在前面的思考结果的基础上重构海德格尔的思想方向。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Izvestiya of Saratov University, New Series: Physics
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