Brandon Hon Kong Sung, Soon Yee Wong, Perpetua Aaniya Cyril, M. Lee, A. Mohamed
The application of waste rubber tires for ground improvement helps to improve the environment by recycling and reusing it as admixtures. This research aims to investigate the shear strength parameters of rubber-sand mixtures. By using crumb rubber with a constant size (425μm), the sand is replaced by different percentages (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10%) of crumb rubber by weight. A direct shear box test is used to determine the shear strength parameters of rubber-sand mixtures with two different controlled densities. The samples were loaded with normal stresses of 20, 40 and 80kPa and were sheared at a rate of 1mm/min. Although, this experiment discovered that crumb rubbers improve the shear strength parameters in loose sand, however, a reduction in shear strength parameters was found in dense sand. Moreover, it was observed that the inclusion of crumb rubbers into sand greatly improve the strain energy of both loose and dense sand. Likewise, rubber has a low unit weight which makes it suitable for lightweight backfill materials. The surface properties of rubber should be further studied to understand the contribution of shear strength in the rubber-sand mixture.
{"title":"Effects of Crumb Rubber on the Shear Strength of Sand: An Experimental Study","authors":"Brandon Hon Kong Sung, Soon Yee Wong, Perpetua Aaniya Cyril, M. Lee, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i2.5446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i2.5446","url":null,"abstract":"The application of waste rubber tires for ground improvement helps to improve the environment by recycling and reusing it as admixtures. This research aims to investigate the shear strength parameters of rubber-sand mixtures. By using crumb rubber with a constant size (425μm), the sand is replaced by different percentages (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10%) of crumb rubber by weight. A direct shear box test is used to determine the shear strength parameters of rubber-sand mixtures with two different controlled densities. The samples were loaded with normal stresses of 20, 40 and 80kPa and were sheared at a rate of 1mm/min. Although, this experiment discovered that crumb rubbers improve the shear strength parameters in loose sand, however, a reduction in shear strength parameters was found in dense sand. Moreover, it was observed that the inclusion of crumb rubbers into sand greatly improve the strain energy of both loose and dense sand. Likewise, rubber has a low unit weight which makes it suitable for lightweight backfill materials. The surface properties of rubber should be further studied to understand the contribution of shear strength in the rubber-sand mixture.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91253621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rumesh Nanayakkara, C. Gunathilake, R. Dassanayake
Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is commonly used as a filter material in the brewery industry. Spent Diatomaceous Earth (SDE) is an industrial waste generated after filling DE pores with impurities from brewing industries during filtration. After the final filtering process, this SDE is disposed into dumping areas, causing numerous environmental concerns. SDE has been recently reported as a substitute for clay in brick production. Incorporating SDE with clay in brick production can reduce the amount of clay added to the brick and the SDE waste discharged into the environment. However, only limited literature is available on SDE utilization in brick production. This paper reviews the recent research on reusing SDE in brick production. Moreover, the manufacturing process of bricks, including essential chemical reactions accompanying the firing of brick, properties of SDE and clay, factors maintained in brick, and affecting the quality of brick, have also been discussed in this review.
{"title":"Suitability of Reusing the Spent Diatomaceous Earth in Brick Production: A Review","authors":"Rumesh Nanayakkara, C. Gunathilake, R. Dassanayake","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i2.5529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i2.5529","url":null,"abstract":"Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is commonly used as a filter material in the brewery industry. Spent Diatomaceous Earth (SDE) is an industrial waste generated after filling DE pores with impurities from brewing industries during filtration. After the final filtering process, this SDE is disposed into dumping areas, causing numerous environmental concerns. SDE has been recently reported as a substitute for clay in brick production. Incorporating SDE with clay in brick production can reduce the amount of clay added to the brick and the SDE waste discharged into the environment. However, only limited literature is available on SDE utilization in brick production. This paper reviews the recent research on reusing SDE in brick production. Moreover, the manufacturing process of bricks, including essential chemical reactions accompanying the firing of brick, properties of SDE and clay, factors maintained in brick, and affecting the quality of brick, have also been discussed in this review.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90717941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Minari, E. Agho, Ekenem Emelumadu, O. Adeniyi, Funke Ruth Olajiga
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2 benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) are an interesting group of N glycosylated multicopper blue oxidase enzymes. They are widely found in fungi, bacteria plants, insects, and lichen. They catalyze the oxidation of various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Laccase has various applications in industries such as textile dye bleaching, paper, and pulp bleaching, food processing, bioremediation, biodegradation, wood processing, and pharmaceuticals. However, the high cost of production has been a major hindrance to its commercial usage. This study was carried out to investigate the extraction, purification, and characterization of laccase from fungi isolated from potato peels using three different substrates. Extraction was carried out using submerged fermentation, with glucose, lactose, and maltose as the carbon sources and varying nitrogen sources; yeast and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) Laccase was also characterized by assessing parameters such as pH, temperature, and protein concentration. Enzyme activity for maltose (yeast), glucose (yeast), glucose (NH4Cl) and lactose (NH4Cl) increased from 25oC -45 oC with optimum pH of 6,6,8 and 5 respectively while activity for maltose (NH4Cl) and lactose(yeast) increased from 25oC-65oC with optimum pH at 5 and 8 respectively. This study suggests that increased laccase production from potato peels can be achieved by using maltose, glucose and lactose as carbon sources with NH4Cl as nitrogen source.
{"title":"Characterization of Laccase from the Fungi Fusarium Isolated from Potato Peels Using Carbon and Nitrogen Sources","authors":"J. Minari, E. Agho, Ekenem Emelumadu, O. Adeniyi, Funke Ruth Olajiga","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i2.5400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i2.5400","url":null,"abstract":"Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2 benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) are an interesting group of N glycosylated multicopper blue oxidase enzymes. They are widely found in fungi, bacteria plants, insects, and lichen. They catalyze the oxidation of various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Laccase has various applications in industries such as textile dye bleaching, paper, and pulp bleaching, food processing, bioremediation, biodegradation, wood processing, and pharmaceuticals. However, the high cost of production has been a major hindrance to its commercial usage. This study was carried out to investigate the extraction, purification, and characterization of laccase from fungi isolated from potato peels using three different substrates. Extraction was carried out using submerged fermentation, with glucose, lactose, and maltose as the carbon sources and varying nitrogen sources; yeast and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) Laccase was also characterized by assessing parameters such as pH, temperature, and protein concentration. Enzyme activity for maltose (yeast), glucose (yeast), glucose (NH4Cl) and lactose (NH4Cl) increased from 25oC -45 oC with optimum pH of 6,6,8 and 5 respectively while activity for maltose (NH4Cl) and lactose(yeast) increased from 25oC-65oC with optimum pH at 5 and 8 respectively. This study suggests that increased laccase production from potato peels can be achieved by using maltose, glucose and lactose as carbon sources with NH4Cl as nitrogen source.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"1982 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88753833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the ornamental fish industry, there is a growing concern about the higher freight cost of feed ingredients. The present study aimed to cluster the locally available ingredients based on their nutrient contents, price, and availability. A total of 15 ingredients; fish meal (FM), by-catches (BC), soybean seeds (Soy), maize (Ma), duckweed (DW), Azolla pinnata (Az), rice bran (RB), shrimp shells (SS), palmyrah fruit pulp (PFP), red seaweed (RS), wheat flour (WF), cassava flour (CF), cornflour (CoF), coconut copra waste (CCC), and groundnut cake (GNC) were selected as locally available ingredients. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed by grouping the ingredients based on their nutrient contents, price, and availability using Minitab 16. In PCA, the two first components accounted for 57.50% of the total variance in the initial data. Protein, calcium, phosphorus, and price contribute positively with component 1, whereas carbohydrate content is related negatively to this component. Calcium and ash content correlated positively with component 2 and fat, gross energy, and availability were linked negatively to it. The PCA allowed the clustering the ingredients into four groups. Ingredients in Group 1, including Az, SS, RB, DW, and RS showed a positive correlation with component 2 and they contain more fiber although, they are not accessible throughout the year. Ingredients of Group 2, PFP, WF, CoF, and CF are excellent sources of starch but contained less protein content (0.94%, 11.00%, 0.00%, and 2.80% respectively). CCC, Ma, GNC, and SB pertain to group 3 correlating poorly with component 2. They are an excellent source of protein with the advantage that they are relatively affordable and easy to available than the other groups. Ingredients in group 4 incorporated BC and FB. Although they are high in protein, they are expensive and very poor in carbohydrates. Therefore, it is recommended that the ingredients in group 3 are the best choice for feed formulation with balanced nutrition at a low cost for fish feed preparation.
{"title":"Grouping the Potential Local Feed Ingredients for Ornamental Fish Feed based on their Nutrient Composition, Cost, and Availability","authors":"Sutharshiny Sathyaruban, Deepthi Inoka Uluwaduge, Sivashanthini Kuganathan, Harichandra Khalingarajah, Partheepan Thavaraja","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i2.5445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i2.5445","url":null,"abstract":"In the ornamental fish industry, there is a growing concern about the higher freight cost of feed ingredients. The present study aimed to cluster the locally available ingredients based on their nutrient contents, price, and availability. A total of 15 ingredients; fish meal (FM), by-catches (BC), soybean seeds (Soy), maize (Ma), duckweed (DW), Azolla pinnata (Az), rice bran (RB), shrimp shells (SS), palmyrah fruit pulp (PFP), red seaweed (RS), wheat flour (WF), cassava flour (CF), cornflour (CoF), coconut copra waste (CCC), and groundnut cake (GNC) were selected as locally available ingredients. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed by grouping the ingredients based on their nutrient contents, price, and availability using Minitab 16. In PCA, the two first components accounted for 57.50% of the total variance in the initial data. Protein, calcium, phosphorus, and price contribute positively with component 1, whereas carbohydrate content is related negatively to this component. Calcium and ash content correlated positively with component 2 and fat, gross energy, and availability were linked negatively to it. The PCA allowed the clustering the ingredients into four groups. Ingredients in Group 1, including Az, SS, RB, DW, and RS showed a positive correlation with component 2 and they contain more fiber although, they are not accessible throughout the year. Ingredients of Group 2, PFP, WF, CoF, and CF are excellent sources of starch but contained less protein content (0.94%, 11.00%, 0.00%, and 2.80% respectively). CCC, Ma, GNC, and SB pertain to group 3 correlating poorly with component 2. They are an excellent source of protein with the advantage that they are relatively affordable and easy to available than the other groups. Ingredients in group 4 incorporated BC and FB. Although they are high in protein, they are expensive and very poor in carbohydrates. Therefore, it is recommended that the ingredients in group 3 are the best choice for feed formulation with balanced nutrition at a low cost for fish feed preparation.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87640408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bearings are a common component and crucial to most rotating machinery. Their failures are the causes for more than half of the total machine failures, each with the potential to cause extreme damage, injury, and downtime. Therefore, fault detection through condition monitoring has a significant importance. Since the initial cost of standard condition monitoring techniques such as vibration signature analysis is high and has a long payback period, the condition monitoring via audio signal processing is proposed for both localized faults and distributed/ generalized roughness faults in the rolling bearing. It is not appropriate to analyze bearing faults using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the noise signal of bearing since localized faults are Amplitude Modulated (AM) and mixed up with background noises. Localized faults are processed using Kurstogram technique for finding the appropriate filtering band because localized faulty bearings produce impulsive signals
{"title":"Diagnosing Localized and Distributed Bearing Faults by Bearing Noise Signal Using Machine Learning and Kurstogram","authors":"Kanagasundram Jathursajan, Akila Wijethunge","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i2.5475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i2.5475","url":null,"abstract":"Bearings are a common component and crucial to most rotating machinery. Their failures are the causes for more than half of the total machine failures, each with the potential to cause extreme damage, injury, and downtime. Therefore, fault detection through condition monitoring has a significant importance. Since the initial cost of standard condition monitoring techniques such as vibration signature analysis is high and has a long payback period, the condition monitoring via audio signal processing is proposed for both localized faults and distributed/ generalized roughness faults in the rolling bearing. It is not appropriate to analyze bearing faults using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the noise signal of bearing since localized faults are Amplitude Modulated (AM) and mixed up with background noises. Localized faults are processed using Kurstogram technique for finding the appropriate filtering band because localized faulty bearings produce impulsive signals","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89918810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concrete and steel are considered the main construction materials in the world today while the cost of steel is rising year by year. Though steel can be recycled, it consumes a significant amount of energy in the manufacturing and recycling stages. Thus, to cope with that risk and reduce the building budget, it will be necessary to start using alternative resources. Studies were conducted to discover the appropriateness of using timber resources (e.g., Bamboo and Palmyra) to substitute steel as reinforcements in concrete. Bamboo is a quick-growing plant and is easily obtainable in the Asia region. Bamboo has a higher tensile strength than other timber resources and strength to weight proportion. However, due to its brittle behavior, bamboo cannot fully replace steel. Characteristics of bamboo differ with its time of life and class. The main aim of this research is to suggest a suitable hybrid reinforcement with steel and bamboo for the construction industry by analyzing the concrete slab element. This paper discusses the behavior of concrete slabs, reinforced with steel and bamboo and the applicability of Finite Element Modelling (FEM) using the ABAQUS software. The numerical model was validated by the experimental investigation in the literature.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Concrete Slab Reinforced with Steel and Bamboo","authors":"Iynkaran Surenthiran, Sakura Bogoda","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i2.5441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i2.5441","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete and steel are considered the main construction materials in the world today while the cost of steel is rising year by year. Though steel can be recycled, it consumes a significant amount of energy in the manufacturing and recycling stages. Thus, to cope with that risk and reduce the building budget, it will be necessary to start using alternative resources. Studies were conducted to discover the appropriateness of using timber resources (e.g., Bamboo and Palmyra) to substitute steel as reinforcements in concrete. Bamboo is a quick-growing plant and is easily obtainable in the Asia region. Bamboo has a higher tensile strength than other timber resources and strength to weight proportion. However, due to its brittle behavior, bamboo cannot fully replace steel. Characteristics of bamboo differ with its time of life and class. The main aim of this research is to suggest a suitable hybrid reinforcement with steel and bamboo for the construction industry by analyzing the concrete slab element. This paper discusses the behavior of concrete slabs, reinforced with steel and bamboo and the applicability of Finite Element Modelling (FEM) using the ABAQUS software. The numerical model was validated by the experimental investigation in the literature.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74110586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How philosophers and some scholars who had learned about philosophy in the past became scientists is an important question that arises in the study of the development of innovative creativity. Generally, philosophy is the fundamental basis on which the results of the empirical sciences are based to formulate theories and theories in subjects that are common to any field. Therefore, philosophy and the world can be interconnected with any science. Western scholars who clearly identified this connection were anxious to analyze and study from different angles how this connection could occur.
{"title":"History and Philosophy of Science and Technology: The Driving force of Developing Innovative Creativity","authors":"Dilan Ranaweera","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i2.6042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i2.6042","url":null,"abstract":"How philosophers and some scholars who had learned about philosophy in the past became scientists is an important question that arises in the study of the development of innovative creativity. Generally, philosophy is the fundamental basis on which the results of the empirical sciences are based to formulate theories and theories in subjects that are common to any field. Therefore, philosophy and the world can be interconnected with any science. Western scholars who clearly identified this connection were anxious to analyze and study from different angles how this connection could occur.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79744086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The time overrun in construction projects is a common issue around the world and no exception in Sri Lankan construction industry. The aims are to identify the causes and their significance to the project time overrun as well as to provide suggestions for those identified causes. Totally 39 significant factors were identified as relevant to Sri Lankan construction industry through a literature survey. Then a quantitative questionnaire approach was conducted to identify the significance of factors from industry professionals (civil engineers, quantity surveyors, technical officers, supervisors & directors, and the persons with minimum qualification and experience in the construction industry) working as stakeholders such as clients, consultants, and contractors without considering the project type. The previously identified 39 factors were found to be applicable to the Sri Lankan construction industry with survey results. Through the survey, 33 responses were collected and analyzed based on the relative important index of the results. Highly weighted 15 project time overrun factors were analyzed in detail. Mainly, three factors of time overrun in construction projects were identified by ranking based on overall responses; i) contractor’s improper planning, ii) mistakes during construction by contractors, and iii) delay in preparation and approval of drawings. At the same time, social and cultural factors and disputes with surroundings or neighbours got the least significance based on ranking. The relationship between the significance of factors and relevance to the construction party (contractor, consultant) is also identified in this study. From questionnaire responses, the political influence, material theft, labor attitudes and motivation, and unexpected material cost increase than the total budget was selected for the further discussion. Finally, recommendations are provided for future development projects such as the contractor’s proper planning. As well as experienced and well knowledge professional to be appointed as a project manager by contracting firm.
{"title":"Study on Time Overrun related to Construction Projects in Sri Lanka","authors":"Yathupriyan Arulvel, S. Widisinghe","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i2.5501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i2.5501","url":null,"abstract":"The time overrun in construction projects is a common issue around the world and no exception in Sri Lankan construction industry. The aims are to identify the causes and their significance to the project time overrun as well as to provide suggestions for those identified causes. Totally 39 significant factors were identified as relevant to Sri Lankan construction industry through a literature survey. Then a quantitative questionnaire approach was conducted to identify the significance of factors from industry professionals (civil engineers, quantity surveyors, technical officers, supervisors & directors, and the persons with minimum qualification and experience in the construction industry) working as stakeholders such as clients, consultants, and contractors without considering the project type. The previously identified 39 factors were found to be applicable to the Sri Lankan construction industry with survey results. Through the survey, 33 responses were collected and analyzed based on the relative important index of the results. Highly weighted 15 project time overrun factors were analyzed in detail. Mainly, three factors of time overrun in construction projects were identified by ranking based on overall responses; i) contractor’s improper planning, ii) mistakes during construction by contractors, and iii) delay in preparation and approval of drawings. At the same time, social and cultural factors and disputes with surroundings or neighbours got the least significance based on ranking. The relationship between the significance of factors and relevance to the construction party (contractor, consultant) is also identified in this study. From questionnaire responses, the political influence, material theft, labor attitudes and motivation, and unexpected material cost increase than the total budget was selected for the further discussion. Finally, recommendations are provided for future development projects such as the contractor’s proper planning. As well as experienced and well knowledge professional to be appointed as a project manager by contracting firm.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85158966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electroplating is one of the most important processes in the manufacturing of switches. Coating the conductive parts of switches improves their appearance and increases their durability, even in severe environments. This study proposes a non-destructive testing method to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize coatings added to the conductive parts of low voltage switches (contacts and terminals). The method is based on the injection of a high-frequency signal into a switch using the vector network analyzer (VNA). An in-depth analysis of the reflected signal is conducted to characterize the coatings. For the quantitative characterization, a comparison is made between switches that are plated with different coating thicknesses. As for the qualitative characterization, a comparison is made between switches that are manufactured with different types of metals. The results show that each switch type has an electromagnetic signature that varies according to the conductivity and the thickness of the metals used for coating.
{"title":"Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Coatings Added to Low Voltage Switches","authors":"Leila Troudi, K. Jelassi","doi":"10.46604/aiti.2022.8971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2022.8971","url":null,"abstract":"Electroplating is one of the most important processes in the manufacturing of switches. Coating the conductive parts of switches improves their appearance and increases their durability, even in severe environments. This study proposes a non-destructive testing method to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize coatings added to the conductive parts of low voltage switches (contacts and terminals). The method is based on the injection of a high-frequency signal into a switch using the vector network analyzer (VNA). An in-depth analysis of the reflected signal is conducted to characterize the coatings. For the quantitative characterization, a comparison is made between switches that are plated with different coating thicknesses. As for the qualitative characterization, a comparison is made between switches that are manufactured with different types of metals. The results show that each switch type has an electromagnetic signature that varies according to the conductivity and the thickness of the metals used for coating.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to identify the impact of digital learning in Sri Lankan state universities and the contribution of ICT to the implementation of digital learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study also aims to investigate the impact of digital learning conducted in academic activities while the Covid-19 pandemic; its implementation in state universities in Sri Lanka and the challenges encountered by the academic staff members and students. The purpose of this study is to identify the positive and negative effects of virtual mode studies and their adaptations. In addition, this study will help to identify future digital learning opportunities at Sri Lankan state universities. Data collection was conducted through an interview guide and implemented with some research-related open-ended questions and thematically analyzed the data, and interviews were conducted to carry out research work at eight Sri Lankan state universities. The methodology of this study was qualitative, and the sample of this study was purposive. The findings of this study developed three main themes; implementation of virtual learning; blended learning and distance evaluation; and adaption to rapid changes. Based on the results, academic recommendations are considered when making recommendations for future studies.
{"title":"Contribution of IT to Implementation of Digital Learning in State Universities of Sri Lanka during the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Pirunthavi Sivakumar, Kularasasingam Wijikumar","doi":"10.31357/ait.v2i1.5493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v2i1.5493","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify the impact of digital learning in Sri Lankan state universities and the contribution of ICT to the implementation of digital learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study also aims to investigate the impact of digital learning conducted in academic activities while the Covid-19 pandemic; its implementation in state universities in Sri Lanka and the challenges encountered by the academic staff members and students. The purpose of this study is to identify the positive and negative effects of virtual mode studies and their adaptations. In addition, this study will help to identify future digital learning opportunities at Sri Lankan state universities. Data collection was conducted through an interview guide and implemented with some research-related open-ended questions and thematically analyzed the data, and interviews were conducted to carry out research work at eight Sri Lankan state universities. The methodology of this study was qualitative, and the sample of this study was purposive. The findings of this study developed three main themes; implementation of virtual learning; blended learning and distance evaluation; and adaption to rapid changes. Based on the results, academic recommendations are considered when making recommendations for future studies.","PeriodicalId":52314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Technology Innovation","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87058962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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