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Hydrochar-embedded carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel as stable soil water retention and nutrient release agent for plant growth 水溶液包埋羧甲基纤维素-g-聚丙烯酸水凝胶作为植物生长的稳定土壤保水和养分释放剂
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.03.003
Yufei Zhang , Xinyue Tian , Qiuyue Zhang , Huifang Xie , Bingyu Wang , Yanfang Feng

The cellulose-based hydrogel has been widely applied for soil water retention and nutrient release agents for several decades. Embedding the inorganic materials into hydrogels is an excellent strategy to improve the inherent limits of the cellulose-based hydrogel. Notably, municipal sludge-derived hydrochar (HC) has reduced the environmental burden and offered a potential hydrogel carrier to control water-retention and nutrient-release. However, the above function for plant growth of hydrochar-embedded carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid) (CMC-g-PAA/HC) is unknown, and relevant reports are lacking. This study investigated the water retention, nutrient release behavior, and effect of germination and plant growth of CMC-g-PAA/HC hydrogel. Characterization results showed that HC was successfully incorporated into CMC-g-PAA/HC with 6.0% higher thermostability, 7.2–21.0% lower swelling ratio (SR) in water, and substantial SR in phosphate solution (P-solution). The water loss rate of CMC-g-PAA/HC in P-solution or water owned a more significant temperature response (7.9–15.0 folds) than CMC-g-PAA (8.2–10.0 folds). Moreover, 4.0% higher n value and more 18.5% released P for CMC-g-PAA/HC were also observed. These phenomena were due to restricting the polymer chains movement and the water molecules diffusion inside the hydrogels with HC. Phytotoxicity assessments showed that HC in CMC-g-PAA/HC could effectively alleviate the inhibition effects on rape germination retained with 78.3% germination vigor and 80.0% germination ratio, even dramatically improved plant growth to 28 d. The results of this study demonstrated a new route for developing eco-friendly CMC-g-PAA/HC hydrogel, advantageous as a water retention agent and nutrient carrier in arid and semiarid regions.

纤维素基水凝胶作为土壤保水和养分释放剂已被广泛应用了几十年。将无机材料嵌入到水凝胶中是改善纤维素基水凝胶固有局限性的一种极好的策略。值得注意的是,城市污泥衍生的碳氢化合物(HC)减轻了环境负担,并提供了一种潜在的水凝胶载体来控制水潴留和养分释放。然而,碳氢包埋羧甲基纤维素-g-聚丙烯酸(CMC-g-PAA/HC)对植物生长的上述作用尚不清楚,缺乏相关报道。研究了CMC-g-PAA/HC水凝胶的保水、养分释放行为及其对植物萌发和生长的影响。表征结果表明,HC成功掺入CMC-g-PAA/HC中,热稳定性提高6.0%,在水中溶胀率(SR)降低7.2-21.0%,在磷酸盐溶液(p -溶液)中溶胀率显著提高。CMC-g-PAA/HC在p -溶液或水中的失水速率比CMC-g-PAA(8.2-10.0倍)具有更显著的温度响应(7.9-15.0倍)。CMC-g-PAA/HC的n值增加4.0%,P释放量增加18.5%。这些现象是由于HC限制了聚合物链的运动和水分子在水凝胶内的扩散。植物毒性评价结果表明,CMC-g-PAA/HC中的HC能有效缓解对油菜萌发的抑制作用,使萌发活力保持78.3%,发芽率保持80.0%,甚至能显著提高植株生长至28 d。本研究结果为开发CMC-g-PAA/HC水凝胶开辟了一条新的途径,有利于在干旱和半干旱区作为保水剂和养分载体。
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引用次数: 29
Characterization of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds from aerial parts of Haplophyllum tuberculatum 结核菌地上部分抗氧化和抗菌化合物的鉴定
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.09.004
Salma Salim Al-Saeghi , Mohammad Amzad Hossain , Salem Said Jaroof Al-Touby

The aerial parts of Haplophyllum tuberculatum (H. tuberculatum) have traditionally been used by local communities to treat fever, gastrointestinal disorders, worms, malaria and fractures, however, the responsible ingredients of the selected medicinal plant have not been identified. In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant ingredients were isolated and characterized from the plant parts of locally grown H. tuberculatum, and their biological activity was evaluated. The powder aerial parts were extracted with methanol and the extract was successively fractionated with different polarities of solvents. All polarities of extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, methanol and water) were used to determine their antibacterial and antioxidant activity by established in-vitro method. The disk diffusion and free radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods were used to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the prepared extracts and pure isolated compounds at different concentrations against three strains of Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity results showed that all prepared fractions and isolated pure compounds of the plant species gave significant activity against all Gram (+ and –) bacterial strains with the range of inhibition 0–20 mm. The antioxidant activity of the prepared extracts at all concentrations also showed substantial activity. Based on the highest activity, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts were selected for the separation and isolation of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds by thin layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography (CC), and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLIC). The structure of the isolated antioxidant and antibacterial compounds from the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts were determined on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra. The isolated pure compounds and active extracts could be used as a medicine for various infectious related diseases.

传统上,当地社区使用Haplophyllum tuberculatum (H. tuberculatum)的地上部分来治疗发烧、胃肠疾病、蠕虫、疟疾和骨折,然而,所选药用植物的主要成分尚未确定。本研究从当地种植的结核分枝杆菌(H. tuberculatum)中分离并鉴定了抗菌和抗氧化成分,并对其生物活性进行了评价。用甲醇提取粉末空气部分,用不同极性溶剂对提取液进行分馏。采用所建立的体外抑菌和抗氧化活性测定方法,测定各提取物(正己烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丁醇、甲醇和水)的极性。采用圆盘扩散法和自由基清除法(DPPH)评价不同浓度提取物和分离物对3株革兰氏阳性菌和3株革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌和抗氧化活性。抑菌活性结果表明,该植物各制备部位和分离纯化化合物对所有革兰氏(+和-)菌株均有显著的抑菌活性,抑菌范围为0 ~ 20 mm。各浓度提取物的抗氧化活性均表现出较强的活性。以活性最高的乙酸乙酯和氯仿提取物为研究对象,分别采用薄层色谱(TLC)、柱层色谱(CC)和制备薄层色谱(PTLIC)对抗氧化和抗菌化合物进行分离和分离。利用核磁共振(NMR)和质谱技术对从乙酸乙酯和氯仿提取物中分离得到的抗氧化和抗菌化合物的结构进行了表征。分离得到的纯化合物和活性提取物可作为治疗各种感染性疾病的药物。
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引用次数: 15
Quality-related monitoring of papermaking wastewater treatment processes using dynamic multiblock partial least squares 造纸废水处理过程的动态多块偏最小二乘质量监测
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.04.003
Jie Yang , Yuchen Zhang , Lei Zhou , Fengshan Zhang , Yi Jing , Mingzhi Huang , Hongbin Liu

Environmental problems have attracted much attention in recent years, especially for papermaking wastewater discharge. To reduce the loss of effluence discharge violation, quality-related multivariate statistical methods have been successfully applied to achieve a robust wastewater treatment system. In this work, a new dynamic multiblock partial least squares (DMBPLS) is proposed to extract the time-varying information in a large-scale papermaking wastewater treatment process. By introducing augmented matrices to input and output data, the proposed method not only handles the dynamic characteristic of data and reduces the time delay of fault detection, but enhances the interpretability of model. In addition, the DMBPLS provides a capability of fault location, which has certain guiding significance for fault recovery. In comparison with other models, the DMBPLS has a superior fault detection result. Specifically, the maximum fault detection rate of the DMBPLS is improved by 35.93% and 12.5% for bias and drifting faults, respectively, in comparison with partial least squares (PLS).

近年来,环境问题引起了人们的广泛关注,尤其是造纸废水的排放问题。为了减少废水排放违规的损失,与质量相关的多元统计方法已成功应用于实现稳健的废水处理系统。本文提出了一种新的动态多块偏最小二乘法(DMBPLS)来提取大规模造纸废水处理过程中的时变信息。该方法通过在输入输出数据中引入增广矩阵,既处理了数据的动态特性,减少了故障检测的时间延迟,又提高了模型的可解释性。此外,DMBPLS还提供了故障定位功能,对故障恢复具有一定的指导意义。与其他模型相比,DMBPLS具有更好的故障检测效果。其中,DMBPLS对偏置故障和漂移故障的最大检出率分别比偏最小二乘(PLS)提高了35.93%和12.5%。
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引用次数: 19
Living mycelium composites discern weights via patterns of electrical activity 活菌丝复合物通过电活动模式来辨别重量
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.09.003
Andrew Adamatzky , Antoni Gandia

Fungal construction materials—substrates colonised by mycelium—are getting increased recognition as viable ecologically friendly alternatives to conventional building materials. A functionality of the constructions made from fungal materials would be enriched if blocks with living mycelium, known for their ability to respond to chemical, optical and tactile stimuli, were inserted. We investigated how large blocks of substrates colonised with mycelium of Ganoderma resinaceum responded to stimulation with heavy weights. We analysed details of the electrical responses to the stimulation with weights and show that ON and OFF stimuli can be discriminated by the living mycelium composites and that a habituation to the stimulation occurs. Novelty of the results cast in the reporting on changes in electrical spiking activity of mycelium bound composites in response to a heavy loads.

真菌建筑材料-由菌丝体定殖的基质-作为传统建筑材料的可行的生态友好替代品而得到越来越多的认可。如果将含有活菌丝体的块体插入,由真菌材料制成的结构的功能将得到丰富,活菌丝体以其对化学、光学和触觉刺激的反应能力而闻名。我们研究了用灵芝菌丝体定殖的大块底物对重物刺激的反应。我们分析了带有重量刺激的电反应的细节,并表明活菌丝复合材料可以区分开和关刺激,并且对刺激发生了习惯化。该结果的新颖之处在于报道了菌丝结合复合材料在重负荷下电尖峰活动的变化。
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引用次数: 13
Sandwich-like chitosan porous carbon Spheres/MXene composite with high specific capacitance and rate performance for supercapacitors 具有高比电容和倍率性能的三明治状壳聚糖多孔碳球/MXene复合材料
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.10.001
Lansheng Wei , Weijie Deng , Shanshan Li , Zhengguo Wu , Jihai Cai , Jiwen Luo

The application of porous carbon microspheres derived from pure biomass in supercapacitors is restricted due to their limited reactive groups. MXene owns a combination of redox Faradic surface with good metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity, which assists to obtain high pseudocapacitance and energy density. Herein, Ti3C2Tx MXene was introduced to chitosan-based porous carbon microsphere (CPCM) to fabricated sandwich-like structure (CPCM/MXene) through electrostatic interaction. The Ti3C2Tx protected the spherical structure of CPCM. Meanwhile, CPCM hindered the reaggregation of Ti3C2Tx by inserting in the Ti3C2Tx layers, promoting the electrolyte migration kinetics. The synergistic effect endowed CPCM/MXene high specific capacitance of 362 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g and acceptable cycling stability with 93.87% capacitance retention at a high current density of 10 A/g after 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, CPCM/MXene displayed a high energy density of 27.8 W/(h•kg) at 500.0 W/kg of power density. These satisfactory performances prove that combining Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with porous carbon microspheres is a considering method to construct a new generation electrode material of supercapacitor.

纯生物质制备的多孔碳微球反应基团有限,限制了其在超级电容器中的应用。MXene具有氧化还原法拉第表面,具有良好的金属导电性和亲水性,有助于获得较高的赝电容和能量密度。将Ti3C2Tx MXene引入壳聚糖基多孔碳微球(CPCM)中,通过静电相互作用制备出三明治状结构(CPCM/MXene)。Ti3C2Tx保护了CPCM的球形结构。同时,CPCM通过插入Ti3C2Tx层阻碍了Ti3C2Tx的再聚集,促进了电解质迁移动力学。这种协同效应使CPCM/MXene在0.5 A/g电流密度下的比电容达到362 F/g,在10 A/g高电流密度下,循环10000次后的电容保持率为93.87%,具有良好的循环稳定性。在500.0 W/kg的功率密度下,CPCM/MXene的能量密度高达27.8 W/(h•kg)。这些令人满意的性能证明,将Ti3C2Tx MXene纳米片与多孔碳微球结合是构建新一代超级电容器电极材料的一种考虑方法。
{"title":"Sandwich-like chitosan porous carbon Spheres/MXene composite with high specific capacitance and rate performance for supercapacitors","authors":"Lansheng Wei ,&nbsp;Weijie Deng ,&nbsp;Shanshan Li ,&nbsp;Zhengguo Wu ,&nbsp;Jihai Cai ,&nbsp;Jiwen Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2021.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2021.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of porous carbon microspheres derived from pure biomass in supercapacitors is restricted due to their limited reactive groups. MXene owns a combination of redox Faradic surface with good metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity, which assists to obtain high pseudocapacitance and energy density. Herein, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene was introduced to chitosan-based porous carbon microsphere (CPCM) to fabricated sandwich-like structure (CPCM/MXene) through electrostatic interaction. The Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> protected the spherical structure of CPCM. Meanwhile, CPCM hindered the reaggregation of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> by inserting in the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> layers, promoting the electrolyte migration kinetics. The synergistic effect endowed CPCM/MXene high specific capacitance of 362 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g and acceptable cycling stability with 93.87% capacitance retention at a high current density of 10 A/g after 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, CPCM/MXene displayed a high energy density of 27.8 W/(h•kg) at 500.0 W/kg of power density. These satisfactory performances prove that combining Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene nanosheets with porous carbon microspheres is a considering method to construct a new generation electrode material of supercapacitor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2369969821000785/pdfft?md5=118d2cfa4ecae85d93f06b175039c119&pid=1-s2.0-S2369969821000785-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45781028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 72
Effective conversion of fructose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural with brønsted acid site (S/Cl)-functional carbon catalysts brønsted酸位(S/Cl)功能碳催化剂催化果糖转化为5-乙氧基甲基糠醛的研究
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.11.001
Haixin Guo , Ryota Higashiguchi , Yuya Abe , Richard Lee Smith

Brønsted acid site (S/Cl)-functional carbon materials were prepared by ball-milling (bm) L-cysteine and ammonium chloride to form chemical complex solids, by post-heat treatment (Q) of the solids at 500 °C under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to stabilize and fortify amino and functional group solid structures and by post-oxidative treatment with H2O2 to add Brønsted acidity. The as-prepared carbon materials (S/Cl@bmxQy; x, y in hours) contained Brønsted acid sites (sulfonates, chlorides), oxygen-containing groups (-COOH, -OH) and amino functional groups. The S/Cl@bmxQy materials were applied as catalysts to promote conversion of fructose in ethanol solvent to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF). Among the carbon materials, S/Cl@bm3Q1 gave 5-EMF and 5-HMF yields of 67.0% and 22.8%, respectively, in pure ethanol at 140 °C for 24 h reaction time, while a reaction time of 18 h gave total 5-EMF and 5-HMF yields of 96.4%. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was applied as additive to the ethanol-fructose- S/Cl@bm3Q1 reaction system which showed that 5-HMF product selectivity could be controlled with DMSO concentration. The protocol developed allows simple preparation of functional carbon materials that have high catalytic activity and are effective for conversion of fructose to 5-HMF and 5-EMF in ethanol.

采用l-半胱氨酸和氯化铵球磨(bm)法制备Brønsted酸位(S/Cl)功能碳材料,在500℃氮气气氛下对固体进行后处理(Q)以稳定和强化氨基和官能团固体结构,并用H2O2进行后处理以增加Brønsted酸性。制备的碳材料(S/Cl@bmxQy;x, y(小时)含有Brønsted酸位点(磺酸盐、氯化物)、含氧基团(-COOH、-OH)和氨基官能团。采用S/Cl@bmxQy材料作为催化剂,促进果糖在乙醇溶剂中转化为5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)和5-乙氧基甲基糠醛(5-EMF)。碳材料中,S/Cl@bm3Q1在纯乙醇中,在140℃下反应24 h, 5-EMF和5-HMF的产率分别为67.0%和22.8%,反应18 h, 5-EMF和5-HMF的总产率为96.4%。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作为添加剂加入到乙醇-果糖- S/Cl@bm3Q1反应体系中,结果表明DMSO浓度可以控制5-HMF产物的选择性。所开发的方案允许简单地制备具有高催化活性的功能碳材料,并有效地将果糖转化为乙醇中的5-HMF和5-EMF。
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引用次数: 4
Molded fiber and pulp products as green and sustainable alternatives to plastics: A mini review 模塑纤维和纸浆产品作为绿色和可持续的塑料替代品:一个小回顾
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.10.003
Yanling Zhang , Chao Duan , Swetha Kumari Bokka , Zhibin He , Yonghao Ni

There are significant incentives/pressures on decreasing the use of plastics and their related products in the packaging industry, correspondingly, strong demands are emerging for clean, renewable, recyclable/ biodegradable packaging products. In this context, molded fiber/pulp products have attracted increasing attention, due to their green/sustainable advantages, simply because the raw materials used are plant-based and/or recycled fibers. Many companies have switched their packing practices from plastics to more environmentally friendly products, such as molded fiber products, which already have had and will continue to have obvious effect on packaging industries. This paper initially provides an overview on the general concept of molded pulp products, and further summarizes the different types of molded fiber products in terms of natural fiber sources, manufacturing processes, current and emerging applications as well as the environmental sustainability of molded products.

在包装工业中,减少塑料及其相关产品的使用有很大的激励/压力,相应地,对清洁、可再生、可回收/可生物降解的包装产品的强烈需求正在出现。在这种情况下,模塑纤维/纸浆产品由于其绿色/可持续的优势而受到越来越多的关注,仅仅因为使用的原材料是植物性和/或再生纤维。许多公司已经将其包装实践从塑料转向更环保的产品,如模制纤维产品,这已经并将继续对包装行业产生明显的影响。本文首先概述了纸浆模塑制品的一般概念,并进一步从天然纤维来源、制造工艺、当前和新兴的应用以及模塑制品的环境可持续性等方面总结了不同类型的模塑纤维制品。
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引用次数: 37
Biobased materials for food packaging 食品包装用生物基材料
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.11.004
Jiaxiu Wang , Markus Euring , Kolja Ostendorf , Kai Zhang

Consumers prefer foods that are healthier with high quality and safety. Food packaging are demanded to effectively extend the shelf-life, preserve the nutrients and decrease the microbial contamination during the transport and storage of food. With the increasing concern on the environmental impacts caused by food packaging wastes, sustainable and green packaging are highly demanded to minimize the harmful effects of food packaging waste on the environment. Bio-based materials are derived from sustainable and renewable biomass, instead of finite petrochemicals. The applications of bio-based materials for food packaging are highlighted in this review. The emphasis is placed on the categories of related biobased materials, their characteristics and advantages for food packaging, as well as the strategies used to improve their performances. Though a lot of trials have been done on biobased materials for food packaging, further attempts to improve their performances, understand the functioning mechanisms and develop greener methods for the production, processing and destiny of these bio-based materials are still highly needed for the future research.

消费者更喜欢健康、高质量、安全的食品。要求食品包装能有效地延长食品的保质期,保存食品中的营养成分,减少食品在运输和储存过程中的微生物污染。随着人们对食品包装废弃物对环境影响的日益关注,为了最大限度地减少食品包装废弃物对环境的有害影响,人们对可持续和绿色包装提出了很高的要求。生物基材料来源于可持续和可再生的生物质,而不是有限的石化产品。综述了生物基材料在食品包装中的应用。重点放在相关的生物基材料的类别,他们的特点和食品包装的优势,以及用于提高其性能的策略。虽然在食品包装用生物基材料方面已经进行了大量的试验,但未来的研究仍需要进一步尝试提高其性能,了解其作用机制,并为这些生物基材料的生产、加工和命运开发更环保的方法。
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引用次数: 86
Improving cold flow properties of palm fatty acid distillate biodiesel through vacuum distillation 真空蒸馏法改善棕榈脂肪酸蒸馏生物柴油的冷流性能
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.09.002
Siew Ping Yeong , Yen San Chan , Ming Chiat Law , Jordy Kim Ung Ling

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product of refining process of crude palm oil can be used as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the application of palm oil-based biodiesel is often hinder by its poor cold flow properties (CFP). Biodiesel fuel with poor CFP may crystallize and result in clogging of fuel lines, filters and injectors that cause engine operability problems. For that, a vacuum distillation method was designed and its feasibility and efficiency in improving the CFP was examined. A total of 13.60wt% of total saturated fatty acid methyl esters were successfully removed from the PFAD biodiesel, resulting in the improvement of the cloud point (CP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and pour point (PP) of PFAD biodiesel from 20 °C, 19 °C, and 15 °C to 13 °C, 11 °C, and 9 °C, respectively. It is remarkable that the improved CFPP satisfied the requirements for grade C summer biodiesel for temperate climates in EN 14212 standard. Additionally, Sarin (UFAME) empirical correlation was evaluated and it was found to have a good prediction of CFP for PFAD biodiesel, with lower than 2 °C deviation.

棕榈脂肪酸馏出物(PFAD)是棕榈油精制过程中的副产物,可作为生产生物柴油的潜在原料。然而,棕榈油基生物柴油的应用往往受到其较差的冷流特性(CFP)的阻碍。CFP差的生物柴油燃料可能结晶并导致燃料管路、过滤器和喷油器堵塞,从而导致发动机的可操作性问题。为此,设计了一种真空蒸馏方法,并对其改进CFP的可行性和效率进行了验证。从PFAD生物柴油中成功脱除了13.60wt%的总饱和脂肪酸甲酯,使PFAD生物柴油的浊点(CP)、冷过滤器堵塞点(CFPP)和倾点(PP)分别从20℃、19℃和15℃提高到13℃、11℃和9℃。值得注意的是,改进后的CFPP满足了EN 14212标准对温带气候C级夏季生物柴油的要求。此外,对沙林(UFAME)经验相关性进行了评估,发现它对PFAD生物柴油的CFP有很好的预测,偏差小于2°C。
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引用次数: 14
Enhancement of Essential Oil Yield from Melaleuca Leucadendra L. Leaves by Lignocellulose Degradation Pre-Treatment Using Filamentous Fungi 丝状真菌木质纤维素降解预处理提高千层桉叶精油产量
Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.02.010
Tjokorda I. Indira , Khairul Hadi Burhan , Robert Manurung , Ana Widiana

The essential oil from Melaleuca leucadendra L. leaves has been widely used as a perfume and traditional remedy, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products ingredient since many years ago. The common technology to recover the oil is hydro-distillation and steam-distillation. However, all oil can not be fully extracted from the leaves by this method due to the recalcitrant structure of leaves that hindrance the access of the solvent. Adding a submerged fermentation as a pre-treatment step prior to the extraction process helped to loosen the lignocellulose structure and enhance oil release in the extraction process. In this study, the raw materials were collected from the natural forest in Buru Island, Maluku, Indonesia. The biological agents applied in these processes were Phanerochaete chrysosporium ITBCC136 and Trichoderma viride ITBCC143. The oil extraction process was conducted by method of steam-distillation, the oil was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and the lignocellulose content in the biomass was measured by the fractionation method. The treatment using T.viride provided the highest increase in yield percentage up to 3.47% as compared with control of 1.45%, with the lowest percentages of the remained cellulose, while the fermentation with the presence of P.chrysosporium did not affect the oil yield even the lignin content was decrease as much as 21%. The percentages of 1,8-cineole in the oil were almost unchanged, which was about 20% of the oil.

千层树叶子的精油多年来被广泛用作香水、传统药物、化妆品和医药产品的成分。常用的石油回收技术是水蒸馏和蒸汽蒸馏。然而,由于叶子的顽固结构阻碍了溶剂的进入,因此不能通过这种方法从叶子中完全提取出所有的油。在提取过程之前添加深层发酵作为预处理步骤,有助于放松木质纤维素结构并增强提取过程中的油脂释放。本研究的原料采自印度尼西亚马鲁古布鲁岛的天然林。应用的生物制剂为黄孢平革菌ITBCC136和绿木霉ITBCC143。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取油分,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析油分,分馏法测定生物质中木质纤维素含量。与1.45%的对照相比,绿霉发酵的产油率提高了3.47%,纤维素残留率最低,而黄孢霉发酵的木质素含量降低了21%,但对产油率没有影响。油中1,8-桉叶油素的含量几乎没有变化,约占油的20%。
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引用次数: 8
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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
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