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Optimizing yield and chemical compositions of dimethylsulfoxide-extracted birchwood xylan 二甲基亚砜提取桦木木聚糖的收率及化学成分优化
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.07.001
Mingquan Zhang , Jamshed Bobokalonov , Abduvali Dzhonmurodov , Zhouyang Xiang

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) extraction is commonly used to study the chemical structures of original xylan in the plant cell wall, since the DMSO can preserve the original structure of the xylan as much as possible during the extracting process. In addition, the DMSO-extracted xylans have unique properties allowing their potential applications in emulsifying or filming materials. However, the yield of DMSO-extracted xylan is always low and the effects of different DMSO extraction conditions on the chemical compositions of xylan have not been fully studied, which greatly hinders its researches and applications. In this study, we have found that extensive delignification before DMSO extraction results in destruction of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC), leading to xylan yield and xylose unit content increased by up to 220% and 20%, respectively. Tert-butanol washing of the holocellulose can further increase the DMSO extracted xylan yield by ∼10%. The yield of xylan extracted by the DMSO at 80 °C for 7 h was obviously higher than that at room temperature for 3 d by 30%–40%. Thermal analysis showed that the xylans extracted at different conditions had thermal stability without obvious differences. The results indicate that the DMSO-extracted xylan with a high yield, a high purity and a high degree of acetylation can be extracted at a high delignification level, a high reaction temperature and a short reaction time. This study is of great significance for studying xylan structure-property relationships and promoting the applications of DMSO-extracted xylan.

二甲基亚砜(Dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO)萃取法通常用于研究植物细胞壁中原始木聚糖的化学结构,因为DMSO在提取过程中可以尽可能地保留木聚糖的原始结构。此外,dmso提取的木聚糖具有独特的性能,使其在乳化或薄膜材料中具有潜在的应用前景。然而,DMSO提取木聚糖的收率一直很低,不同提取条件对木聚糖化学成分的影响也没有得到充分的研究,这极大地阻碍了其研究和应用。在本研究中,我们发现DMSO提取前的大量脱木质素作用导致木质素-碳水化合物复合物(LCC)的破坏,导致木聚糖产率和木糖单位含量分别提高了220%和20%。叔丁醇洗涤全息纤维素可以进一步提高DMSO提取木聚糖的产率~ 10%。DMSO在80℃条件下提取7 h的木聚糖得率明显高于室温条件下提取3 d的木聚糖得率30% ~ 40%。热分析表明,不同条件下提取的木聚糖热稳定性无明显差异。结果表明,在脱木质素水平高、反应温度高、反应时间短的条件下,dmso提取的木聚糖提取率高、纯度高、乙酰化程度高。该研究对研究木聚糖的构效关系,促进dmso提取木聚糖的应用具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 7
Characterization of natural fiber from manau rattan (Calamus manan) as a potential reinforcement for polymer-based composites 天然藤纤维作为聚合物基复合材料潜在增强材料的特性研究
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.11.002
Linhu Ding , Xiaoshuai Han , Lihua Cao , Yiming Chen , Zhe Ling , Jingquan Han , Shuijian He , Shaohua Jiang

Researches on novel natural fibers in polymer-based composites will help promote the invention of novel reinforcement and expand their possible applications. Herein, in this study, novel cellulosic fibers were extracted from the stem of manau rattan (Calamus manan) by mechanical separation. The chemical, thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of manau rattan fibers were comprehensively analyzed and studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), single fiber tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Component analysis results showed that the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of C. manan fibers were 42wt%, 20wt%, and 27wt%, respectively. The surface of the rattan fiber was hydrophilic according to the oxygen/carbon ratio of 0.49. The C. manan has a crystalline index of 48.28%, inducing a maximum degradation temperature of 332.8 °C. This reveals that it can be used as a reinforcement for thermoplastic composites whose operating temperature is below 300 °C. The average tensile strength can reach (273.28 ± 52.88) MPa, which is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of rattan fiber reinforced composites. The SEM images displayed the rough surface of the fiber, which helped to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrices in composites. These results indicate the great potential of C. manan fibers as the reinforcement in polymer-based composites.

聚合物基复合材料中新型天然纤维的研究将有助于促进新型增强材料的发明和拓展其应用前景。本研究采用机械分离的方法从麻藤茎中提取新型纤维素纤维。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、x射线光电子能谱(XPS)、x射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)、单纤维拉伸试验和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法,对麻藤纤维的化学、热、力学和形态等性能进行了综合分析和研究。组分分析结果表明,甘露聚糖纤维的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量分别为42%、20%和27wt%。藤纤维表面的氧碳比为0.49,具有亲水性。C. manan的结晶指数为48.28%,最大降解温度为332.8℃。这表明它可以用作工作温度低于300℃的热塑性复合材料的增强材料。平均抗拉强度可达(273.28±52.88)MPa,有利于提高藤纤维增强复合材料的力学性能。SEM图像显示纤维表面粗糙,这有助于增强复合材料中纤维与基体之间的界面附着力。这些结果表明甘露聚糖纤维在聚合物基复合材料中具有很大的增强潜力。
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引用次数: 42
Evaluating process of auto-hydrolysis prior to kraft pulping on production of chemical pulp for end used paper-grade products 评价硫酸盐制浆前自动水解工艺对最终用纸级产品化学浆生产的影响
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.05.002
Wenchao Jia , Miaofang Zhou , Chenfeng Yang , He Zhang , Meihong Niu , Haiqiang Shi

The objective of this work is to systematically evaluate the performance of the hydrolysis-based kraft pulping process and associated pulp and black liquor characteristics. Acacia wood chips were auto-hydrolyzed under various severities, then the hydrolyzed wood chips were kraft pulping. The results indicated that the yield of pulp significantly dropped with intensifying the auto-hydrolysis severity. Meanwhile, the removal rate of pentosan reached 98.6% in the screened pulp at the P-factor of 1 000. The fiber length, fines and fiber crimp of the screened pulp were not affected by the auto-hydrolysis treatment. Auto-hydrolyzed pulps deteriorated fibrillation and beating response of the pulp in a refining process. However, fiber length and fines changed obviously after beating treatment. After auto-hydrolysis, the tensile index of the paper matrices decreased, some particle substances were found on the surface of the pulp fiber, and the solid and organic content of the black liquor were improved.

本文的目的是系统地评价以水解为基础的硫酸盐制浆工艺的性能以及相关的纸浆和黑液特性。对不同程度的金合欢木片进行自水解,然后对水解后的金合欢木片进行硫酸盐制浆。结果表明,随着自水解程度的增加,纸浆得率显著下降。在p因子为1 000的条件下,对戊聚糖的去除率达到98.6%。经自水解处理后,筛浆的纤维长度、细度和卷曲度均不受影响。自水解纸浆使纸浆在精炼过程中纤维性和跳动反应恶化。但经过热处理后,纤维长度和细度发生了明显变化。自水解后,纸基体的拉伸指数下降,纸浆纤维表面出现颗粒状物质,黑液的固含量和有机物含量有所提高。
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引用次数: 4
Plastic crisis underscores need for alternative sustainable-renewable materials 塑料危机凸显了对可替代可持续可再生材料的需求
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.06.001
Su Shiung Lam , Changlei Xia , Christian Sonne
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引用次数: 24
High-fructose corn syrup production and its new applications for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and value-added furan derivatives: Promises and challenges 高果糖玉米糖浆的生产及其5-羟甲基糠醛和增值呋喃衍生物的新应用:前景与挑战
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.03.004
Aristide Laurel Mokale Kognou , Sarita Shrestha , Zihua Jiang , Chunbao (Charles) Xu , Fubao Sun , Wensheng Qin

High fructose corn syrup has been industrially produced by converting glucose to fructose by glucose isomerases, tetrameric metalloenzymes widely used in industrial biocatalysis. Advances in enzyme engineering and commercial production of glucose isomerase have paved the way to explore more efficient variants of these enzymes. The 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be produced from high fructose corn syrup catalytic dehydration, and it can be further converted into various furanic compounds chemically or biologically for various industrial applications as a promising platform chemical. Although the chemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into furanic compounds has been extensively investigated in recent years, bioconversion has shown promise for its mild conditions due to the harsh chemical reaction conditions. This review discusses protein engineering potential for improving glucose isomerase production and recent advancements in bioconversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into value-added furanic derivatives. It suggests biological strategies for the industrial transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

高果糖玉米糖浆是利用葡萄糖异构酶将葡萄糖转化为果糖而生产出来的,四聚体金属酶在工业生物催化中应用广泛。酶工程和葡萄糖异构酶商业化生产的进步为探索这些酶的更有效变体铺平了道路。5-羟甲基糠醛可以由高果糖玉米糖浆催化脱水制得,并可进一步通过化学或生物方法转化为各种呋喃类化合物,是一种很有前景的平台化学品,可用于各种工业应用。虽然5-羟甲基糠醛化学转化为呋喃化合物的研究近年来得到了广泛的研究,但由于化学反应条件恶劣,生物转化的条件温和,显示出了很大的前景。本文综述了提高葡萄糖异构酶产量的蛋白质工程潜力以及5-羟甲基糠醛生物转化为增值呋喃衍生物的最新进展。提出了5-羟甲基糠醛产业化的生物学策略。
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引用次数: 4
Mechanism of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions 水热条件下海藻酸盐选择性水解机理研究
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.04.001
Taku Michael Aida , Yasuaki Kumagai , Richard Lee Smith Jr

Mechanisms of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions were investigated by comparing reactivities of sodium alginate (Na-ALG, 960 ku) solutions and calcium alginate (Ca-ALG) gels as substrates. Under hydrothermal conditions (150 °C), hydrolysis of Na-ALG gave product molecular weights of 223, 66, 26 and 17 ku while those of Ca-ALG gave product molecular weights of 340, 102, 45 and 31 ku for reaction times of 10, 20, 30 and 60 min, respectively. The ratios of mannuronic acid (M) to guluronic acid (G) varied only slightly (from 1.3 to 1.2) for Na-ALG over the range of reaction times at 150 °C, while ratios (M/G) for Ca-ALG exhibited a remarkable decrease (from 1.1 to 0.8). Diad sequence of alginate products obtained for Na-ALG were 17%, 23%, 27% and 31% (GG); 30%, 32%, 36% and 38% (MM); and 53%, 46%, 37% and 32% (GM+MG); while for Ca-ALG they were 18%, 22%, 24% and 33% (GG); 26%, 23%, 26% and 18% (MM); and 56%, 54%, 50% and 48% (GM+MG). Reaction mechanisms are proposed for hydrolysis of alginate solutions and alginate gels under hydrothermal conditions; de-polymerization of alginates into monomers and monomeric sequences can be controlled not only by hydrothermal conditions, but also by varying the physical state (solution, gel) of the starting materials.

通过比较海藻酸钠(Na-ALG, 960 ku)溶液和海藻酸钙(Ca-ALG)凝胶作为底物的反应活性,研究了水热条件下海藻酸盐选择性水解的机理。在水热条件下(150℃),反应时间分别为10、20、30和60 min, Na-ALG水解产物分子量分别为223、66、26和17 ku, Ca-ALG水解产物分子量分别为340、102、45和31 ku。在150°C的反应时间范围内,Na-ALG的甘露醛酸(M)与古鲁醛酸(G)的比值变化不大(从1.3到1.2),而Ca-ALG的比值(M/G)则显著下降(从1.1到0.8)。Na-ALG获得的海藻酸盐产物双序列分别为17%、23%、27%和31% (GG);30%、32%、36%、38% (MM);53%、46%、37%和32% (GM+MG);Ca-ALG分别为18%、22%、24%和33% (GG);26%、23%、26%、18% (MM);56%、54%、50%和48% (GM+MG)。提出了水热条件下海藻酸盐溶液和海藻酸盐凝胶水解的反应机理;海藻酸盐解聚成单体和单体序列不仅可以通过水热条件控制,还可以通过改变起始材料的物理状态(溶液、凝胶)来控制。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of chitin nanocrystals on coverage of coating layers and water retention of coating color 几丁质纳米晶体对涂层覆盖度和涂层保水性能的影响
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.11.003
Ruoshi Gao, Yi Jing, Yeyan Ni, Qiwen Jiang

This study assessed the applicability of chitin nanocrystals prepared by 2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-1-Piperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation in traditional papermaking coating color systems. The α-chitin nanocrystals (CTNCs) with different carboxyl content, size, and morphology were prepared from crab shells by alkali pretreatment and TEMPO-mediated oxidation in the water at pH 10, and then the ratio of CTNCs to latex was applied to traditional coating color system to replace part of latex. The results showed that when the amount of NaClO added as co-oxidant in the oxidation was 15.0 mmol/g of chitin, the carboxyl content of alkali-pretreated CTNCs was up to 0.76 mmol/g. The amount of carboxyl groups presented a linear relation with the degree of individualization of nanocrystals and dispersion. When the ratio of latex to CTNCs was 90꞉10, the water retention value of the coating was 92% lower than that of the pure latex system, and the rheological property was better. The relationship between the addition amount of CTNCs and the surface strength and the coverage of coating layers were also studied, and results showed that when the ratio of latex to CTNCs was 95꞉5, the surface strength was the highest of 1.45 m/s, and the coverage of coating layers rate reached the highest of 78%.

本研究评估了2,2,6,6 -四甲基-1-哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)氧化法制备的几丁质纳米晶体在传统造纸涂料颜色体系中的适用性。以蟹壳为原料,在pH为10的水中经碱预处理和tempo氧化制备了羧基含量、粒径和形貌不同的α-几丁质纳米晶体(CTNCs),并将CTNCs与乳胶的比例应用于传统的涂料配色体系中,以取代部分乳胶。结果表明,当氧化过程中加入氯化钠作为共氧化剂的量为15.0 mmol/g甲壳素时,碱预处理CTNCs的羧基含量可达0.76 mmol/g。羧基的数量与纳米晶体的个体化程度和分散程度呈线性关系。当乳胶与CTNCs的比例为90 10时,涂层的保水值比纯乳胶体系低92%,流变性能更好。研究了CTNCs的添加量与涂层表面强度和涂层覆盖率的关系,结果表明,当乳胶与CTNCs的比例为95 5时,涂层表面强度最高,达到1.45 m/s,涂层覆盖率最高,达到78%。
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引用次数: 8
A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid 用磷酸高产率生产热稳定纤维素纳米晶体的混合酸方法
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.12.002
Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin , Alireza Hosseinmardi , Darren J. Martin , Pratheep K. Annamalai

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with distinctive shape-morphology, enhanced thermal stability and dispersibility is essential for overcoming the challenges in processing polymer/CNC nanocomposites through melt compounding at elevated temperatures. This study shows a mixed acid hydrolysis method to produce CNC with improved thermal stability and high productivity. The use of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), as a mild acid, in combination with a strong acid either sulphuric acid (H2SO4) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) leads to reduced use of strong acids and low impact on our environment. The influences of acid combination and sequence of addition on the production yield were investigated by retaining the proportion of H3PO4 to corrosive acid (H2SO4 and HCl) 4 to 1, and solid to liquid ratio 1꞉75. This methodology has enabled to isolate CNC with higher thermal stability, dispersibility and productivity in terms of amount acid used 1 g of CNC, as compared with single acid hydrolysis. The CNC produced using the combination of H3PO4 and HCl exhibits high thermal stability, dispersibility and rod-like shape morphology with length and width of (424 ± 86) and (22 ± 3) nm, respectively. Moreover, this approach has reduced H3PO4 consumption by 54% as compared with single acid hydrolysis method for the production of same amount of CNC.

纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)具有独特的形状形态,增强的热稳定性和分散性,是克服高温熔融复合加工聚合物/CNC纳米复合材料所面临的挑战所必需的。本研究展示了一种混合酸水解方法,以生产具有更好的热稳定性和高生产率的CNC。磷酸(H3PO4)作为一种温和的酸,与强酸硫酸(H2SO4)或盐酸(HCl)结合使用,可以减少强酸的使用,降低对环境的影响。以H3PO4与腐蚀性酸(H2SO4和HCl)的比例为4:1,料液比为175为条件,考察了酸组合和加酸顺序对产率的影响。与单酸水解相比,该方法可以分离出具有更高热稳定性、分散性和生产率的CNC,使用1g CNC的酸量。H3PO4和HCl复合制备的CNC具有较高的热稳定性、分散性和棒状形貌,长(424±86)nm,宽(22±3)nm。此外,在生产相同数量的CNC时,与单一酸水解法相比,该方法减少了54%的H3PO4消耗。
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引用次数: 30
Improvement of quality of Ginkgo biloba seeds powder by solid-state fermentation with Eurotium cristatum for developing high-value ginkgo seeds products 利用冠状Eurotium固态发酵提高银杏种子粉品质,开发高价值银杏种子产品
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.10.002
Minmin Zou , Jiarui Cao , Wen Zhang , Chao Tang , Fuliang Cao , Erzheng Su

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of Ginkgo biloba seeds powder by solid-state fermentation with Eurotium cristatum for developing high-value ginkgo seeds products. The optimum fermentation medium was consisted of 10 g of 40-mesh ginkgo seeds powder loaded in 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 50% (w/w) of water content, 4% (w/w) of MgSO4 and 5% (w/w) of KH2PO4 addition. The optimum fermentation conditions were pH 5.0, 2 × 108 CFU/g of inoculum size, 3 mL of sterilized water supplemented every two days during the four days of fermentation. Through fermentation, the spore number of E. cristatum was improved by about 36 times with the production of lovastatin reaching (54.10±0.16) µg/g. The antioxidant activity of fermented ginkgo seeds powder also got obvious enhancement, which could help eliminate excess free radicals produced by normal metabolism. The content of free amino acids increased by 82.32%. Except that the sugar was consumed in some degree, the other nutritional and functional components were well preserved while the content of detrimental ginkgolic acids was reduced by 44.97%. In addition, fermented ginkgo seeds powder possessed better digestibility and showed pleasant orange-like smelling. In conclusion, the quality of ginkgo seeds powder was remarkably improved through solid-state fermentation by using E. cristatum, which could be a promising way for functional applications of ginkgo seeds.

本研究探讨了冠状Eurotium cristatum固态发酵银杏种子粉开发高价值银杏种子产品的可行性。最佳发酵培养基为10 g 40目银杏种子粉,装于100ml Erlenmeyer烧瓶中,含水量为50% (w/w), MgSO4为4% (w/w), KH2PO4为5% (w/w)。最佳发酵条件为pH 5.0,接种量2 × 108 CFU/g,每2天补加3 mL灭菌水,发酵4天。经发酵后,冠状芽孢杆菌孢子数提高约36倍,洛伐他汀产量达到(54.10±0.16)µg/g。发酵银杏籽粉的抗氧化活性也得到明显增强,有助于消除正常代谢过程中产生的多余自由基。游离氨基酸含量提高82.32%。除糖有一定程度的消耗外,其余营养和功能成分均保存完好,有害银杏酸含量降低44.97%。发酵后的银杏籽粉具有较好的消化率和宜人的橙味。综上所述,利用冠状芽孢杆菌对银杏种子进行固态发酵,可显著提高银杏种子粉的质量,为银杏种子的功能性应用开辟了一条有前景的途径。
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引用次数: 6
Sources, production and commercial applications of fungal chitosan: A review 真菌壳聚糖的来源、生产及商业应用综述
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.01.002
Tanzina Huq , Avik Khan , David Brown , Natasha Dhayagude , Zhibin He , Yonghao Ni

Chitosan is a type of biopolymer that can be obtained from animal/marine sources, and it can also be extracted or produced from agriculture waste products like mushroom or different fungal sources after the chitin deacetylation. Depending on the size of mushroom farm, the amount of waste ranges between 5% and 20% of the production volume. The cell wall of the filamentous fungi, a good source of chitin, offers an easy way to extract chitin. The physicochemical characteristics such as molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of fungal chitosan can be controlled compared to chitosan obtained from crustacean sources. Fungal sourced chitosan can be used in food, pharmaceutical or biomedical applications for different applications, for example, as an antimicrobial agent, coating material, water purification or bio-pesticide. This review mainly focused on the extraction of chitin from mushroom or different fungal sources and also showed some applications of commercial chitosan products.

壳聚糖是一种生物聚合物,可以从动物/海洋中获得,也可以从蘑菇或不同真菌来源的农业废弃物中提取或经几丁质去乙酰化后生产。根据蘑菇农场的规模,废物量在产量的5%至20%之间。丝状真菌的细胞壁是甲壳素的良好来源,为提取甲壳素提供了一种简单的方法。与甲壳类原料制备的壳聚糖相比,真菌制备的壳聚糖的分子量、脱乙酰度等理化特性是可控的。真菌来源的壳聚糖可用于食品、制药或生物医学领域的不同应用,例如用作抗菌剂、涂层材料、水净化或生物农药。本文综述了从食用菌和不同真菌中提取甲壳素的方法,并介绍了壳聚糖商品的应用。
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引用次数: 82
期刊
Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
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