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Assessment of densified fuel quality parameters: A case study for wheat straw pellet 致密燃料质量参数的评价——以麦草颗粒为例
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.10.001
Bidhan Nath , Guangnan Chen , Les Bowtell , Raid Ahmed Mahmood

An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of additive mixing with wheat straw (WS) for pellet making. This study manufactured seven types of pellets with different additive combinations to evaluate pellet quality characteristics and their relationships. A laboratory-type hammer mill and a pellet mill were used for feedstock preparation and pellet production. Experimental investigations showed that the lignin content increased from 7.0% to 13.1%, which was a primary need for pelletization. Also, the heating value rose from 17.02 to 20.36 MJ/kg. However, the ash content also increased from 7.09% to 16.2%. Results showed that dimension (length and diameter), durability, and tensile strength increased significantly with additives while the fines content decreased. The fines content had an inverse relationship with durability and strength. Wheat straw (60%), together with 10% sawdust (SD), 10% corn starch (CS), 10% bentonite clay (BC), and 10% biochar (BiC), was optimal with good pellet performance (T7). In addition, both the T5 pellets (70% WS, 10% SD, 10% BiC, and 10% BC) and  the T6 pellets (70% WS, 10% SD, 10% BiC, and 10% CS) provide suitable quality according to EN plus 2015 standard requirements. The ash content of produced pellet was higher than the recommended value, which suggests that further research onto the alternative additive use for ash reduction is needed.

研究了添加剂与麦秸(WS)混合对球团生产的影响。本研究制备了7种不同添加剂组合的颗粒,以评价颗粒的质量特性及其相互关系。实验用锤式磨机和球团磨机进行原料制备和球团生产。实验研究表明,木质素含量从7.0%提高到13.1%,达到了造粒的基本要求。热值由17.02 MJ/kg上升到20.36 MJ/kg。但灰分也由7.09%增加到16.2%。结果表明:添加添加剂后,材料的尺寸(长度和直径)、耐久性和抗拉强度显著提高,细粒含量显著降低;细粒含量与耐久性、强度呈反比关系。以麦秸(60%)、10%锯末(SD)、10%玉米淀粉(CS)、10%膨润土(BC)和10%生物炭(BiC)为最优,颗粒性能良好(T7)。此外,T5颗粒(70% WS, 10% SD, 10% BiC和10% BC)和T6颗粒(70% WS, 10% SD, 10% BiC和10% CS)根据EN plus 2015标准要求提供合适的质量。生产的球团灰分含量高于推荐值,表明需要进一步研究替代添加剂用于减灰。
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引用次数: 9
Erratum regarding previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章的勘误
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.12.002
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引用次数: 0
Electrochemical valorization of lignin: Status, challenges, and prospects 木质素的电化学增值:现状、挑战与展望
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.003
Jian Luo, Tianbiao Leo Liu

As the second most abundant component of lignocellulosic biomass and the largest source of renewable aromatic compounds, lignin shows great potential to replace finite, non-renewable fossil oils and becomes a renewable feedstock for the production of fuel and aromatic chemicals. Therefore, it is highly important to develop efficient methods to convert lignin into biofuels and valuable chemicals. Electrochemical approaches are considered to be scalable, oxidant/reductant free, easy to control, and can be conducted under mild conditions. This review firstly overviews the structure and deconstruction methods of lignin. And then, different electrochemical lignin conversion approaches, including mediated electrooxidation, electroenzymatic oxidation, photoelectrochemical oxidation, and direct electrooxidation, are discussed in detail. The application of lignin-derived monomeric compounds is also briefly introduced. Finally, the advantages and challenges of different electrochemical lignin upgrading approaches are summarized; meanwhile, suggestions are made for future research on lignin biomass valorization.

作为木质纤维素生物质中含量第二丰富的成分和可再生芳香族化合物的最大来源,木质素在替代有限的、不可再生的化石油方面显示出巨大的潜力,成为生产燃料和芳香族化学品的可再生原料。因此,开发有效的方法将木质素转化为生物燃料和有价值的化学品是非常重要的。电化学方法被认为是可扩展的,不含氧化剂/还原剂,易于控制,并且可以在温和的条件下进行。本文首先综述了木质素的结构和解构方法。然后详细讨论了木质素的电化学转化途径,包括介导电氧化、电酶氧化、光电氧化和直接电氧化。并简要介绍了木质素衍生单体化合物的应用。最后,总结了不同木质素电化学升级方法的优点和面临的挑战;同时,对木质素生物质增值的未来研究提出了建议。
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引用次数: 9
Erratum regarding previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章的勘误
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2023.01.001
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引用次数: 0
Lignocellulose pretreatment by deep eutectic solvents and related technologies: A review 木质纤维素深层共晶溶剂预处理及相关技术综述
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.004
Penghui Li , Chi Yang , Zhengwei Jiang , Yongcan Jin , Wenjuan Wu

Lignocellulose is the main component of plants and has a wide range of sources. The high-value production of lignocellulose lies in the biorefinery of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional lignocellulose pretreatment methods were summarized, and the effective pretreatment parameters were listed. As a green solvent system with excellent performance, deep eutectic solvents (DES) are considered to be the most potential biomass pretreatment system. Based on this, the new trend and progress of DES in lignocellulose pretreatment were reviewed, focusing on the effects of distinct kinds of lignocellulose raw materials, distinct components of DES, distinct reaction conditions and assisted by microwave ultrasound on the pretreatment of lignocellulose, and the recyclability of DES solution system was discussed. Finally, the application and development direction of DES in lignocellulose pretreatment are proposed and prospected.

木质纤维素是植物的主要成分,来源广泛。木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的生物精制是木质素高价值生产的关键。总结了传统木质纤维素预处理方法的优缺点,列出了有效的预处理参数。深共晶溶剂(DES)作为一种性能优异的绿色溶剂体系,被认为是最有潜力的生物质预处理体系。在此基础上,综述了DES在木质纤维素预处理中的新趋势和进展,重点讨论了不同木质纤维素原料、不同DES组分、不同反应条件和微波超声辅助对木质纤维素预处理的影响,并讨论了DES溶液体系的可回收性。最后,对DES在木质纤维素预处理中的应用及发展方向进行了展望。
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引用次数: 12
Erratum regarding previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章的勘误
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2023.01.002
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引用次数: 0
Erratum regarding previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章的勘误
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.12.001
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引用次数: 0
Advances and challenges of cellulose functional materials in sensors 纤维素功能材料在传感器中的进展与挑战
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.001
Hongwei Ma , Zhiyong Cheng , Xiaobai Li , Bin Li , Yujie Fu , Jianchun Jiang

As the most abundant natural polymer material on the earth, cellulose is a promising sustainable sensing material due to its high mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility, good degradation, and regeneration ability. Considering the inherent advantages of cellulose and the success of modern sensors, applying cellulose to sensors has always been the subject of considerable investigation, and significant progress has been made in recent decades. Herein, we reviewed the research progress of cellulose functional materials (CFMs) in recent years. According to the different sources of cellulose, the classification and preparation methods for the design and functionalization of cellulose were summarized with the emphasis on the relationship between their structure and properties. Besides, the applications of advanced sensors based on CFMs in recent years were also discussed. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects of the development of sensor based on CFMs were outlined.

纤维素是地球上最丰富的天然高分子材料,具有机械强度高、生物相容性好、降解能力好、再生能力强等优点,是一种很有前途的可持续传感材料。考虑到纤维素的固有优势和现代传感器的成功,将纤维素应用于传感器一直是研究的主题,近几十年来取得了重大进展。本文综述了近年来纤维素功能材料(CFMs)的研究进展。根据纤维素来源的不同,综述了纤维素的分类、设计和功能化的制备方法,重点介绍了纤维素的结构与性能之间的关系。此外,还讨论了近年来基于cfm的先进传感器的应用。最后,概述了基于cfm的传感器的潜在挑战和发展前景。
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引用次数: 9
Exploitation of the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities of Salvadora Persica (Miswak) extract 萨尔瓦多Persica(Miswak)提取物的抗菌、抗菌膜和抗氧化活性的开发
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.006
Gamal M. El-Sherbiny, Ahmed Mohamed Gazelly, Mohammed H. Sharaf, Saad A. Moghannemm, Shehata M. E, Mahmoud K.A. Ismail, Ahmad S. El-Hawary

The Salvadora persica (S. persica) L. chewing stick, usually known as miswak, is still being employed as an oral hygiene agent for plaque and gingivitis prevention. This study aims to assess the antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and phytochemical profile of S. persica extract. The S. persica was purchased from a local market, grinded and extracted with petroleum ether. The disk diffusion, microdilution, and micro-plate assays were performed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the prepared extract at different concentrations against β-lactam resistance Streptococcus species. Free radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and stable radical cationic chromophore, 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) methods were used to determine their antioxidant activity. Chromatographic and spectrometric analyses were performed using gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. persica extract against β-lactam resistance Streptococcus species ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. The maximum suppression of biofilm formation by S. persica extract was observed at MIC with a percentage of 68.66%, against Streptococcus oralis. The S. persica extract exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 of 20 µg/mL and 35 µg/mL from DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The phytochemical characterization showed the presence of 22 compounds with major compounds; benzyl isothiocyanate (36.21%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (27.62%). The S. persica extract exhibited antibacterial activity against β-lactam resistant Streptococcus species, showing a promising natural alternative that could be a treatment option.

番石榴(S. persica) L.咀嚼棒,通常被称为miswak,仍然被用作预防牙菌斑和牙龈炎的口腔卫生剂。本研究旨在研究山核桃提取物的抗菌、抗生物膜、抗氧化和植物化学特性。桃香是从当地市场购买的,用石油醚研磨和提取。采用圆盘扩散法、微稀释法和微平板法评价不同浓度提取物对β-内酰胺耐药链球菌的抑菌活性和抗生物膜活性。以自由基清除能力2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶肼基(DPPH)和稳定自由基阳离子发色团2,2-氮唑-(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸盐)(ABTS)测定其抗氧化活性。色谱和光谱分析采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法。桃金酸提取物对β-内酰胺耐药链球菌的最小抑制浓度(MIC)为6.25 ~ 12.5 mg/mL。桃红提取物对口腔链球菌生物膜形成的抑制作用在MIC时最大,抑制率为68.66%。DPPH和ABTS提取物的IC50分别为20µg/mL和35µg/mL。植物化学鉴定结果表明,其中有22个化合物含主要化合物;异硫氰酸苄酯(36.21%)和正十六酸(27.62%)。枸杞提取物对β-内酰胺耐药链球菌具有抗菌活性,是一种有前景的天然替代治疗选择。
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引用次数: 4
Development and characterization of mycelium bio-composites by utilization of different agricultural residual byproducts 利用不同农业残留副产品开发菌丝体生物复合材料及其表征
Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.005
Liucheng Peng , Jing Yi , Xinyu Yang , Jing Xie , Chenwei Chen

Mycelium bio-composites was developed by incubating Pleurotus ostreatus fungi on different substrates from agricultural residual byproducts, including rice straw, bagasse, coir-pith, sawdust, and corn straw. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the hypha of composite derived from bagasse was the densest, and the diameter of hypha was the biggest (0.77 µm), which was presumably due to the existence of cellulose in bagasse in the form of dextran and xylan. The maximum and minimum compression strength for sawdust substrate and corn straw substrate were 456.70 and 270.31 kPa, respectively. The flexural strength for bagasse substrate and rice straw substrate were 0.54 and 0.16 MPa, respectively. The two composites derived from rice straw and bagasse exhibited higher hydrophobic properties than others. In comparison, mycelium bio-composite derived from bagasse showed the best comprehensive properties. Except for a little worse anti-creep ability and waterproof performance, other properties of mycelium bio-composites could be comparable to commercially expanded polystyrene (EPS) packaging material. Derived from this study, mycelium material provided a good way to use agricultural residual byproducts and could be a good alternative to non-biodegradable materials for packaging applications.

利用水稻秸秆、甘蔗渣、椰子髓、锯末和玉米秸秆等不同的农业残余副产品基质培养平菇菌丝,制备了平菇菌丝生物复合材料。扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,以甘蔗渣为原料的复合菌丝密度最大,菌丝直径最大(0.77µm),这可能是由于甘蔗渣中纤维素以葡聚糖和木聚糖的形式存在所致。木屑基材的最大抗压强度为456.70,玉米秸秆基材的最小抗压强度为270.31 kPa。甘蔗渣基材和稻草基材的抗弯强度分别为0.54和0.16 MPa。以稻秆和甘蔗渣为原料制备的两种复合材料具有较高的疏水性。相比之下,甘蔗渣菌丝体生物复合材料的综合性能最好。菌丝体生物复合材料除抗蠕变性能和防水性能稍差外,其他性能可与商业膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS)包装材料相媲美。该研究为菌丝体材料提供了一种很好的利用农业残留副产品的方法,可以很好地替代非生物降解材料用于包装。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
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