Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00215-4
Nayem Md. Reza Shah, Chang-Dong Yeo, Minyeong Choi, Yang-Ki Hong, Jeong H. You
Abstract Nickel is typically used as one of the main components in electrical contact devices or connectors. Nickel oxide (NiO) is usually formed on the surfaces of electrodes and can negatively impact system performance by introducing electrical contact resistance. The thermal, electrical, and transport properties of NiO, as a Mott insulator or a p-type semiconductor, can be altered by operating and environmental conditions such as temperature and stress/strain by contact. In this study, we investigate the fundamental material properties of NiO through the first-principle calculations. First, we obtain and compare the lattice parameter, magnetic moment, and electronic structure for NiO via the WIEN2K simulations with four different potentials (i.e., GGA, GGA + U, LSDA, and LSDA + U). Then, using the WIEN2K simulation results with LSDA + U potential that produces a highly accurate bandgap for NiO, we calculate the electrical conductivity and electrical part of the thermal conductivity of nickel and NiO as a function of temperature and carrier concentration through the BoltzTraP simulations. Systematic simulation results revealed that the electrical conductivity relative to the relaxation time for NiO increases with the carrier concentration, while it shows a slightly decreasing trend with temperature under a fixed carrier concentration. By contrast, the electrical part of the thermal conductivity shows an increasing trend considering carrier concentration and temperature.
{"title":"Change of Electrical and Transport Properties of Nickel Oxide by Carrier Concentration and Temperature through First-Principle Calculations","authors":"Nayem Md. Reza Shah, Chang-Dong Yeo, Minyeong Choi, Yang-Ki Hong, Jeong H. You","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00215-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00215-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nickel is typically used as one of the main components in electrical contact devices or connectors. Nickel oxide (NiO) is usually formed on the surfaces of electrodes and can negatively impact system performance by introducing electrical contact resistance. The thermal, electrical, and transport properties of NiO, as a Mott insulator or a p-type semiconductor, can be altered by operating and environmental conditions such as temperature and stress/strain by contact. In this study, we investigate the fundamental material properties of NiO through the first-principle calculations. First, we obtain and compare the lattice parameter, magnetic moment, and electronic structure for NiO via the WIEN2K simulations with four different potentials (i.e., GGA, GGA + U, LSDA, and LSDA + U). Then, using the WIEN2K simulation results with LSDA + U potential that produces a highly accurate bandgap for NiO, we calculate the electrical conductivity and electrical part of the thermal conductivity of nickel and NiO as a function of temperature and carrier concentration through the BoltzTraP simulations. Systematic simulation results revealed that the electrical conductivity relative to the relaxation time for NiO increases with the carrier concentration, while it shows a slightly decreasing trend with temperature under a fixed carrier concentration. By contrast, the electrical part of the thermal conductivity shows an increasing trend considering carrier concentration and temperature.","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00216-3
Qiuying Ma, Haoyang Yu
Abstract Owing to their compactness, robustness, low cost, high stability, and diffraction-limited beam quality, mode-locked fiber lasers play an indispensable role in micro/nanomanufacturing, precision metrology, laser spectroscopy, LiDAR, biomedical imaging, optical communication, and soliton physics. Mode-locked fiber lasers are a highly complex nonlinear optical system, and understanding the underlying physical mechanisms or the flexible manipulation of ultrafast laser output is challenging. The traditional research paradigm often relies on known physical models, sophisticated numerical calculations, and exploratory experimental attempts. However, when dealing with several complex issues, these traditional approaches often face limitations and struggles in finding effective solutions. As an emerging data-driven analysis and processing technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has brought new insights into the development of mode-locked fiber lasers. This review highlights the areas where AI exhibits potential in accelerating the development of mode-locked fiber lasers, including nonlinear dynamics prediction, ultrashort pulse characterization, inverse design, and automatic control of mode-locked fiber lasers. Furthermore, the challenges and potential future development are discussed.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Mode-Locked Fiber Laser: A Review","authors":"Qiuying Ma, Haoyang Yu","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00216-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00216-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Owing to their compactness, robustness, low cost, high stability, and diffraction-limited beam quality, mode-locked fiber lasers play an indispensable role in micro/nanomanufacturing, precision metrology, laser spectroscopy, LiDAR, biomedical imaging, optical communication, and soliton physics. Mode-locked fiber lasers are a highly complex nonlinear optical system, and understanding the underlying physical mechanisms or the flexible manipulation of ultrafast laser output is challenging. The traditional research paradigm often relies on known physical models, sophisticated numerical calculations, and exploratory experimental attempts. However, when dealing with several complex issues, these traditional approaches often face limitations and struggles in finding effective solutions. As an emerging data-driven analysis and processing technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has brought new insights into the development of mode-locked fiber lasers. This review highlights the areas where AI exhibits potential in accelerating the development of mode-locked fiber lasers, including nonlinear dynamics prediction, ultrashort pulse characterization, inverse design, and automatic control of mode-locked fiber lasers. Furthermore, the challenges and potential future development are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00217-2
Fengzhou Fang
{"title":"On the Three Paradigms of Manufacturing Advancement","authors":"Fengzhou Fang","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00217-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00217-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00214-5
Fan Yang, Jiajia Wang, Tuoyu Ju, Shuwei Wang, Kaige Qu, Zhengxun Song, Yujuan Chen, Zuobin Wang
Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) participate in the pathological progression of high glucose (HG)-induced kidney injury, which is closely related to diabetic nephropathy. How sEVs specifically mediate the cell biomechanics underlying HG injury is unclear. Herein, we utilized a versatile atomic force microscope to determine the contributions of sEVs in HG-induced cellular injury. The sEVs extracted from the culture medium of human proximal tubule kidney (HK-2) cells treated by HG for 72 h (HG-induced sEVs) were verified and analyzed by multiple techniques, and the results indicated the effective production and the effect of dehydration on the shape of HG-induced sEVs. Further investigation on the morphologies of HK-2 cells treated by HG-induced sEVs showed that the surface roughness of the HK-2 cells increased, and their pseudopodia transitioned from lamellipodia to filopodia, with almost doubled mean pseudopodia length. Quantitative analysis of the mechanical responses of the cells revealed that the mean Young’s modulus increased by 26.2%, and the mean adhesion decreased by 36.8%. The indirect mediation of cellular biomechanics guided by HG-induced sEVs was evaluated by comparing it with previously studied direct HG injury. The HG-induced sEVs caused a greater reduction in cell adhesion and an increase in Young’s modulus compared with direct HG stimulation. This work suggested the ability of HG-induced sEVs to elicit specific biomechanical responses during HG injury, advancing the understanding of the injury mechanism caused by HG. The comparison of the cellular biomechanics between direct and indirect HG stimulations through HG-induced sEVs can be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney injury.
{"title":"HG-Induced sEVs Mediate Biomechanics of HK-2 Cells","authors":"Fan Yang, Jiajia Wang, Tuoyu Ju, Shuwei Wang, Kaige Qu, Zhengxun Song, Yujuan Chen, Zuobin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00214-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00214-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) participate in the pathological progression of high glucose (HG)-induced kidney injury, which is closely related to diabetic nephropathy. How sEVs specifically mediate the cell biomechanics underlying HG injury is unclear. Herein, we utilized a versatile atomic force microscope to determine the contributions of sEVs in HG-induced cellular injury. The sEVs extracted from the culture medium of human proximal tubule kidney (HK-2) cells treated by HG for 72 h (HG-induced sEVs) were verified and analyzed by multiple techniques, and the results indicated the effective production and the effect of dehydration on the shape of HG-induced sEVs. Further investigation on the morphologies of HK-2 cells treated by HG-induced sEVs showed that the surface roughness of the HK-2 cells increased, and their pseudopodia transitioned from lamellipodia to filopodia, with almost doubled mean pseudopodia length. Quantitative analysis of the mechanical responses of the cells revealed that the mean Young’s modulus increased by 26.2%, and the mean adhesion decreased by 36.8%. The indirect mediation of cellular biomechanics guided by HG-induced sEVs was evaluated by comparing it with previously studied direct HG injury. The HG-induced sEVs caused a greater reduction in cell adhesion and an increase in Young’s modulus compared with direct HG stimulation. This work suggested the ability of HG-induced sEVs to elicit specific biomechanical responses during HG injury, advancing the understanding of the injury mechanism caused by HG. The comparison of the cellular biomechanics between direct and indirect HG stimulations through HG-induced sEVs can be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney injury.","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135202364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3030023
George Kordas
Countries that do not have oil and natural gas but are forced to reduce pollution due to combustion have stimulated and developed new technologies for absorption, storage, and energy creation based on nanotechnology. These new technologies are up-and-coming because they will solve the problem without additional environmental burden. The first technology is based on phase change materials (PCMs) that store the thermal energy produced by the sun and release it when requested. In the context of this article, there is a discussion about some devices that arise from this technology. The second technology is based on light nano-traps that convert solar energy into heat, which is then stored by heating water or other methods. The third practice is to absorb solar energy from nanoparticles, producing electricity. These technologies’ principles will be discussed and analyzed to understand their perspectives.
{"title":"Nanocontainers for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications: A Mini-Review","authors":"George Kordas","doi":"10.3390/nanomanufacturing3030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3030023","url":null,"abstract":"Countries that do not have oil and natural gas but are forced to reduce pollution due to combustion have stimulated and developed new technologies for absorption, storage, and energy creation based on nanotechnology. These new technologies are up-and-coming because they will solve the problem without additional environmental burden. The first technology is based on phase change materials (PCMs) that store the thermal energy produced by the sun and release it when requested. In the context of this article, there is a discussion about some devices that arise from this technology. The second technology is based on light nano-traps that convert solar energy into heat, which is then stored by heating water or other methods. The third practice is to absorb solar energy from nanoparticles, producing electricity. These technologies’ principles will be discussed and analyzed to understand their perspectives.","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74294984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00211-8
Hyunsung Lim, Y. Shimizu
{"title":"Feasible Resolution of Angular Displacement Measurement by an Optical Angle Sensor Based on Laser Autocollimation","authors":"Hyunsung Lim, Y. Shimizu","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00211-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00211-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90805336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00207-4
Bozhao Wu, Yongping Kang, Cai Lu, Langquan Shui, Wengen Ouyang, Qi Peng, Qiankun He, Ze Liu
{"title":"A Simple Method to Measure the Contact Angle of Metal Droplets on Graphite","authors":"Bozhao Wu, Yongping Kang, Cai Lu, Langquan Shui, Wengen Ouyang, Qi Peng, Qiankun He, Ze Liu","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00207-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00207-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"20 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73942487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3030022
T. Pucher, Pablo Bastante, Estrella Sánchez Viso, A. Castellanos-Gomez
We present two approaches for fabricating shadow masks for the evaporation of electrodes onto nanomaterials. In the first one, we combine the use of a commercial fiber laser engraving system with readily available aluminum foil. This method is suitable for fabricating shadow masks with line widths of 50 µm and minimum feature separation of 20 µm, and using it to create masks with complex patterns is very straightforward. In the second approach, we use a commercially available vinyl cutting machine to pattern a vinyl stencil mask, and we use a glass fiber to define the separation between the electrodes. With this approach, we achieve well-defined electrodes separated by 15 µm, but this technique is less versatile in creating complex masks as compared with the laser-based one. We demonstrate the potential of these techniques by fabricating field-effect transistor devices based on MoS2. Our approach is a cost-effective and easily accessible method for fabricating shadow masks with high resolution and accuracy, making it accessible to a wider range of laboratories.
{"title":"Low-Cost Shadow Mask Fabrication for Nanoelectronics","authors":"T. Pucher, Pablo Bastante, Estrella Sánchez Viso, A. Castellanos-Gomez","doi":"10.3390/nanomanufacturing3030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3030022","url":null,"abstract":"We present two approaches for fabricating shadow masks for the evaporation of electrodes onto nanomaterials. In the first one, we combine the use of a commercial fiber laser engraving system with readily available aluminum foil. This method is suitable for fabricating shadow masks with line widths of 50 µm and minimum feature separation of 20 µm, and using it to create masks with complex patterns is very straightforward. In the second approach, we use a commercially available vinyl cutting machine to pattern a vinyl stencil mask, and we use a glass fiber to define the separation between the electrodes. With this approach, we achieve well-defined electrodes separated by 15 µm, but this technique is less versatile in creating complex masks as compared with the laser-based one. We demonstrate the potential of these techniques by fabricating field-effect transistor devices based on MoS2. Our approach is a cost-effective and easily accessible method for fabricating shadow masks with high resolution and accuracy, making it accessible to a wider range of laboratories.","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83067222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00208-3
Jinha Kwon, Hanna Cho
{"title":"Nanomechanical Characterization of Bone Quality Depending on Tissue Age via Bimodal Atomic Force Microscopy","authors":"Jinha Kwon, Hanna Cho","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00208-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00208-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77153572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00209-2
Jining Sun, Lei Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yunlong Han, Lei Zhang
{"title":"Effect of Refresh Time on XeF2 Gas-assisted FIB Milling of GaAs","authors":"Jining Sun, Lei Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yunlong Han, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00209-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00209-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89938216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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