Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3020008
E. A. Lukina, Aina V. Kulikova, M. N. Uvarov, A. Popov, Minghao Liu, Yong Zhang, L. Kulik
Nowadays, Y-shaped non-fullerene acceptors become increasingly important in organic photovoltaics (OPV). Their use in binary and ternary bulk heterojunction composites continuously pushes up the efficiency of OPV devices. However, the mechanism of OPV performance enhancement by the third component of a ternary composite is rarely understood. In the present work, pulse EPR technique was used to reveal the similarities and the differences of photoinduced charge separation process in binary PM6/Y6 and ternary PM6/Y6:Y-T composites, where PM6 is polymer donor, Y6 and Y-T are different non-fullerene acceptors. Out-of-phase electron spin echo signal was detected for both composites, which is the signature of the charge-transfer state (CT state) formed at the donor/acceptor interface upon exciton splitting. Nearly identical distribution of the distances between the electron and the hole constituting the CT state was obtained for these composites from the analysis of this signal. In both cases the average electron-hole distance was 3.5 nm. It implies that OPV efficiency increase with Y-T addition is not caused by the increased probability of CT state dissociation followed by free charge generation for PM6/Y6:Y-T composite.
{"title":"Structure of the Charge-Transfer State in PM6/Y6 and PM6/Y6:YT Composites Studied by Electron Spin Echo Technique","authors":"E. A. Lukina, Aina V. Kulikova, M. N. Uvarov, A. Popov, Minghao Liu, Yong Zhang, L. Kulik","doi":"10.3390/nanomanufacturing3020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3020008","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, Y-shaped non-fullerene acceptors become increasingly important in organic photovoltaics (OPV). Their use in binary and ternary bulk heterojunction composites continuously pushes up the efficiency of OPV devices. However, the mechanism of OPV performance enhancement by the third component of a ternary composite is rarely understood. In the present work, pulse EPR technique was used to reveal the similarities and the differences of photoinduced charge separation process in binary PM6/Y6 and ternary PM6/Y6:Y-T composites, where PM6 is polymer donor, Y6 and Y-T are different non-fullerene acceptors. Out-of-phase electron spin echo signal was detected for both composites, which is the signature of the charge-transfer state (CT state) formed at the donor/acceptor interface upon exciton splitting. Nearly identical distribution of the distances between the electron and the hole constituting the CT state was obtained for these composites from the analysis of this signal. In both cases the average electron-hole distance was 3.5 nm. It implies that OPV efficiency increase with Y-T addition is not caused by the increased probability of CT state dissociation followed by free charge generation for PM6/Y6:Y-T composite.","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85451262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00191-9
M. Wendel
{"title":"Precision Measurement of Complex Optics Using a Scanning-Point Multiwavelength Interferometer Operating in the Visible Domain","authors":"M. Wendel","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00191-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00191-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91004859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00189-3
Zanyu Chen, Jiugang Hu, Kuixing Ding, Jun Tan, Hongshuai Hou, Xiaobo Ji
{"title":"Carbon Dot-Modified TiO2@SiO2 Aerogel as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Zanyu Chen, Jiugang Hu, Kuixing Ding, Jun Tan, Hongshuai Hou, Xiaobo Ji","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00189-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00189-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80855567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010007
S. H. Hosseini, Amir Abbas Kazemi, Seyed Arash Hosseini
In conventional chemical and electrochemical oxidation methods, it is very difficult to control the active centers, and the average prepared polymers are short and wide. The use of an electric field creates the most stable intermediate form of active centers, as well as permitting a longer half-life. Therefore, this increases the physical resistance and electrical conductivity of the polymer. In this paper, polycarbazole nanofibers were prepared using an electric field, reporting on its influences on the polymerization of carbazole. Therefore, its electrical conductivity and some physical properties were investigated. We observed the nanofibers’ shape, increasing electrical conductivity, thermal resistance and a higher molecular weight with the synthesized polycarbazole under an electric field compared to the polymer synthesized in the same conditions in the absence of an electric field. First, we chemically synthesized polycarbazole at different times. Additionally, to find the optimizing conditions, we changed certain parameters, such as the ratio of the obtained molar of initiator to monomer, the oxidant, initiator and solvent, separately, and compared the obtained results. Then, we repeated this reaction in the best conditions and under different electric fields in constant time, allowing us to characterize the shape, mass and conductivity. Next, the polymerization was carried out at the best electric field in different times. Finally, the best time and amount of electric field for polymerization were determined. The electrical conductivity of polycarbazoles was studied with the four-probe method. The conductivity of the films oxidized using FeCl3 (dry) and protonated with p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) at 3 h was higher than 8.9 × 10−4 S/cm under a 12 KV/m electric field. Additionally, the results showed an enhanced thermal resistance to ageing.
{"title":"Preparation of Polycarbazole Nanofibers Using an Electric Field and the Investigation of Its Electrical Conductivity","authors":"S. H. Hosseini, Amir Abbas Kazemi, Seyed Arash Hosseini","doi":"10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010007","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional chemical and electrochemical oxidation methods, it is very difficult to control the active centers, and the average prepared polymers are short and wide. The use of an electric field creates the most stable intermediate form of active centers, as well as permitting a longer half-life. Therefore, this increases the physical resistance and electrical conductivity of the polymer. In this paper, polycarbazole nanofibers were prepared using an electric field, reporting on its influences on the polymerization of carbazole. Therefore, its electrical conductivity and some physical properties were investigated. We observed the nanofibers’ shape, increasing electrical conductivity, thermal resistance and a higher molecular weight with the synthesized polycarbazole under an electric field compared to the polymer synthesized in the same conditions in the absence of an electric field. First, we chemically synthesized polycarbazole at different times. Additionally, to find the optimizing conditions, we changed certain parameters, such as the ratio of the obtained molar of initiator to monomer, the oxidant, initiator and solvent, separately, and compared the obtained results. Then, we repeated this reaction in the best conditions and under different electric fields in constant time, allowing us to characterize the shape, mass and conductivity. Next, the polymerization was carried out at the best electric field in different times. Finally, the best time and amount of electric field for polymerization were determined. The electrical conductivity of polycarbazoles was studied with the four-probe method. The conductivity of the films oxidized using FeCl3 (dry) and protonated with p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) at 3 h was higher than 8.9 × 10−4 S/cm under a 12 KV/m electric field. Additionally, the results showed an enhanced thermal resistance to ageing.","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85562128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silicon Vacancy Color Centers in 6H-SiC Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing","authors":"Zhanqi Zhou, Zongwei Xu, Ying Song, Changkun Shi, Kunde Zhang, Bing Dong","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00186-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00186-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82166916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00179-5
Anuj Sharma, S. Kulasegaram, E. Brousseau, K. Esien, Dan Read
{"title":"Investigation of Nanoscale Scratching on Copper with Conical Tools Using Particle-Based Simulation","authors":"Anuj Sharma, S. Kulasegaram, E. Brousseau, K. Esien, Dan Read","doi":"10.1007/s41871-023-00179-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-023-00179-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77619162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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