Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.685
Su-Been Lee, Sung-Ho Kil, Young-Jo Yun, Y. Choi
Background and objective: The urban heat island (UHI) effect is recognized as a representative environmental problem that occurs in cities in summer. This study aimed to quantitatively determine the surface temperature (ST) of UGSs using high-resolution images taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and analyze time-series changes in ST according to spatial characteristics (conifers, deciduous trees, shrubs, grass, metal sculptures, pavements).Methods: In this study, ST data of UGSs were established and acquired through UAV flight and filming, and orthoimages of such data were produced using the Pix4D program. In addition, by comparing RGB orthoimages and green space status data (location of trees and facilities) obtained from field surveys, a green-space type map was prepared using ArcGIS (v10.3.1) software to classify land cover types in green spaces (GSs). ST distribution by GS type was analyzed and statistical significance was verified through one-way ANOVA.Results: As a result, the ST of conifers, deciduous trees, shrubs, and grass, which are vegetation, was found to be lower than that of paved roads: for conifers, 4.1-12.5℃ lower than paved roads; for deciduous trees, 3.0-10.8℃; for shrubs 3.4-11.2℃; and for grass 1.7-8.1℃. In addition, the variations in ST over time were greatest for metal sculptures (28.1℃), followed by pavement (20.4℃), grass (19.4℃), shrubs (14.0℃), conifers (13.3℃), and deciduous trees (13.0℃).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to consider the components of GS for the efficient planning and management of UGS in terms of improving the urban thermal environment. Insufficient and unsystematic planning and management of UGSs may deteriorate the function of GSs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and evaluate the ST characteristics of GSs in terms of improving the urban thermal environment.
{"title":"An Analysis of Surface Temperature Changes for Urban Green Space using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"Su-Been Lee, Sung-Ho Kil, Young-Jo Yun, Y. Choi","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.685","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The urban heat island (UHI) effect is recognized as a representative environmental problem that occurs in cities in summer. This study aimed to quantitatively determine the surface temperature (ST) of UGSs using high-resolution images taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and analyze time-series changes in ST according to spatial characteristics (conifers, deciduous trees, shrubs, grass, metal sculptures, pavements).Methods: In this study, ST data of UGSs were established and acquired through UAV flight and filming, and orthoimages of such data were produced using the Pix4D program. In addition, by comparing RGB orthoimages and green space status data (location of trees and facilities) obtained from field surveys, a green-space type map was prepared using ArcGIS (v10.3.1) software to classify land cover types in green spaces (GSs). ST distribution by GS type was analyzed and statistical significance was verified through one-way ANOVA.Results: As a result, the ST of conifers, deciduous trees, shrubs, and grass, which are vegetation, was found to be lower than that of paved roads: for conifers, 4.1-12.5℃ lower than paved roads; for deciduous trees, 3.0-10.8℃; for shrubs 3.4-11.2℃; and for grass 1.7-8.1℃. In addition, the variations in ST over time were greatest for metal sculptures (28.1℃), followed by pavement (20.4℃), grass (19.4℃), shrubs (14.0℃), conifers (13.3℃), and deciduous trees (13.0℃).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to consider the components of GS for the efficient planning and management of UGS in terms of improving the urban thermal environment. Insufficient and unsystematic planning and management of UGSs may deteriorate the function of GSs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and evaluate the ST characteristics of GSs in terms of improving the urban thermal environment.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.535
Jong-Yoon Park, Sungjoong Kim
Background and objective: Carbon neutrality must be achieved across societal sectors through carbon neutral policies. Therefore, local governments, which realize the actual greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, must develop GHG reduction strategies. This study aims to present information on the GHG reduction of the building sector (BS) at the local government level, for the carbon neutrality by 2050 (CN).Methods: The gross floor area (GFA) of all buildings and the total floor area of household (HBs), business (BBs), and public buildings (PBs) and by 2050 were predicted using building and demographic information from Jeollanam-do. Buildings were classified as over or under 10 years old. GHG emissions projection by 2050 were combined the GFA prediction results with public information on building energy consumption (BEC). After adjusting the nationwide CN goal for the BS in Jeollanam-do, the pathways for two scenarios were to estimate GHG reduction.Results: HBs showed the steepest increase in GFA, while BBs and PBs showed a very modest increase. About 30% of HBs and BBs were under 10 years and about 70% were over 10 years. The HB's GHG emissions increased remarkably, reflecting the GFA results, while the emissions of BBs and PBs didn't raised much. GHG reduction targets by 2030 were calculated as 1.4, 0.7, and 0.35 million TOE for HBs, BBs, and PBs, respectively. Reduction Scenario 1 shows a straight-line path with a negative slope from 2023. Reduction Scenario 2 shows an increase in emissions after 2023, which begins to decrease from 2028, falling with a curved steep slope until 2035, followed by a very modest decline until 2050.Conclusion: This study calculated GHG emissions from the BS by 2050 using the latest information on BEC and GHG calculation guidelines. The method in this study helps establish regional/local GHG reduction targets, setting scenarios, and estimating GHG reduction.
{"title":"How can we estimate carbon emissions and reduction of buildings at the local government level in South Korea?","authors":"Jong-Yoon Park, Sungjoong Kim","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.535","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Carbon neutrality must be achieved across societal sectors through carbon neutral policies. Therefore, local governments, which realize the actual greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, must develop GHG reduction strategies. This study aims to present information on the GHG reduction of the building sector (BS) at the local government level, for the carbon neutrality by 2050 (CN).Methods: The gross floor area (GFA) of all buildings and the total floor area of household (HBs), business (BBs), and public buildings (PBs) and by 2050 were predicted using building and demographic information from Jeollanam-do. Buildings were classified as over or under 10 years old. GHG emissions projection by 2050 were combined the GFA prediction results with public information on building energy consumption (BEC). After adjusting the nationwide CN goal for the BS in Jeollanam-do, the pathways for two scenarios were to estimate GHG reduction.Results: HBs showed the steepest increase in GFA, while BBs and PBs showed a very modest increase. About 30% of HBs and BBs were under 10 years and about 70% were over 10 years. The HB's GHG emissions increased remarkably, reflecting the GFA results, while the emissions of BBs and PBs didn't raised much. GHG reduction targets by 2030 were calculated as 1.4, 0.7, and 0.35 million TOE for HBs, BBs, and PBs, respectively. Reduction Scenario 1 shows a straight-line path with a negative slope from 2023. Reduction Scenario 2 shows an increase in emissions after 2023, which begins to decrease from 2028, falling with a curved steep slope until 2035, followed by a very modest decline until 2050.Conclusion: This study calculated GHG emissions from the BS by 2050 using the latest information on BEC and GHG calculation guidelines. The method in this study helps establish regional/local GHG reduction targets, setting scenarios, and estimating GHG reduction.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43123200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.773
Guen-Han Kim, Jinvo Nam, Hee-sun Choi, Yong-Il Cho, Gil-Sang Lee
Background and objective: There have been increasing correlations between the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' in response to issues related to climate change adaptation. Given this, a study that explores how these keywords relate to issues on climate change adaptation would be significant contribution to the literature. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between these keywords and their network.Methods: To address the aim, the study employed a bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software to conduct network-mapping interface analysis using co-occurrence-based visualization and quantification. A two-step approach was applied: the first approach identifies recent driver changes of the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' and further meaningful keywords. The second approach conducts an in-depth network mapping analysis based on the results drawn by the first approach.Results: The results suggested that, first, 'carbon' and 'tree' were shown to reflect the assessment system and contemporary issues based on the keywords 'carbon sequestration' and 'climate change.' In addition, 'biomass,' 'tree growth,' 'tree ring' and 'trade-off' were shown to be important keywords, which indicated the need for an in-depth correlation analysis. Second, 'biomass' was the key factor in the assessment system for 'carbon sequestration,' in which 'tree growth' and 'tree ring' were included. Third, the network analysis did not report varying results on 'trade-off' compared to 'carbon' and 'tree' with respect to the basic issues on climate change.Conclusion: The conventional assessment system based on the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' should be improved by incorporating the issues drawn from the keywords 'biomass' and 'trade-off' so that it may reflect the latest contemporary needs. The network analysis on the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' nevertheless indicated that the two keywords were at the centre of the latest contemporary issues and the assessment system.
{"title":"Network Mapping Interface Analysis between Carbon and Trees Corresponding to Climate Change","authors":"Guen-Han Kim, Jinvo Nam, Hee-sun Choi, Yong-Il Cho, Gil-Sang Lee","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.773","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: There have been increasing correlations between the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' in response to issues related to climate change adaptation. Given this, a study that explores how these keywords relate to issues on climate change adaptation would be significant contribution to the literature. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between these keywords and their network.Methods: To address the aim, the study employed a bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software to conduct network-mapping interface analysis using co-occurrence-based visualization and quantification. A two-step approach was applied: the first approach identifies recent driver changes of the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' and further meaningful keywords. The second approach conducts an in-depth network mapping analysis based on the results drawn by the first approach.Results: The results suggested that, first, 'carbon' and 'tree' were shown to reflect the assessment system and contemporary issues based on the keywords 'carbon sequestration' and 'climate change.' In addition, 'biomass,' 'tree growth,' 'tree ring' and 'trade-off' were shown to be important keywords, which indicated the need for an in-depth correlation analysis. Second, 'biomass' was the key factor in the assessment system for 'carbon sequestration,' in which 'tree growth' and 'tree ring' were included. Third, the network analysis did not report varying results on 'trade-off' compared to 'carbon' and 'tree' with respect to the basic issues on climate change.Conclusion: The conventional assessment system based on the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' should be improved by incorporating the issues drawn from the keywords 'biomass' and 'trade-off' so that it may reflect the latest contemporary needs. The network analysis on the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' nevertheless indicated that the two keywords were at the centre of the latest contemporary issues and the assessment system.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.617
Jung Won Shin, Hyun Won Yoon, Yong-sik Hong, C. Ahn, Yeoung Ryul Kim, Jung min Kim, Sae-mi Yun, J. Nam
Background and objective: As the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the entire world and people found themselves spending more time at home, many households began gardening, and purchased various ornamental plants. Many cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus are grown for their showy flowers, or used as landscape shrubs. H. syriacus is generally known for its high rate of asexual reproduction. However, it is known that the effectiveness of propagation by cuttings can have big differences depending on internal and external factors. This study was conducted to determine the effects of optimal rooting bed soil composition and auxin on the rooting of H. syriacus cuttings.Methods: Cuttings used in this study were from 17 cultivars. As types of bed soil for propagation by cutting, gardening bed soil, sand, mixed soil 1, and mixed soil 2 were used, and the plant growth regulators of IBA and NAA were applied at 500, 1000, and 1500 mg⋅L-1 concentrations.Results: The rooting rate and number of roots were highest with the combination of perlite and vermiculite. On the other hand, the gardening bed soil showed an extremely low rooting percentage. The root growth was improved in most cultivars when treated by plant growth regulator. The highest rooting rate was verified at IBA 500 mg⋅L-1 treatment while the number of roots and root length showed good result in IBA 1500 mg⋅L-1 treatment.Conclusion: In many cultivars, it was observed that the rooting rate and number of roots differed depending on the bed soil. The most suitable bed soil for the cuttings was a mixture of peat moss and vermiculite, and it was possible to increase the efficiency through treatment with a growth regulator, and the efficiency of IBA was better than that of NAA. However, it is necessary to identify which detailed growth regulator treatment is suitable for the root development of each cultivar, because plant growth regulator was less effective and even problematic in some cultivars.
{"title":"Effects of Bed Soils and Plant Growth Regulators on Root Growth of Hibiscus syriacus L.","authors":"Jung Won Shin, Hyun Won Yoon, Yong-sik Hong, C. Ahn, Yeoung Ryul Kim, Jung min Kim, Sae-mi Yun, J. Nam","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.617","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: As the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the entire world and people found themselves spending more time at home, many households began gardening, and purchased various ornamental plants. Many cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus are grown for their showy flowers, or used as landscape shrubs. H. syriacus is generally known for its high rate of asexual reproduction. However, it is known that the effectiveness of propagation by cuttings can have big differences depending on internal and external factors. This study was conducted to determine the effects of optimal rooting bed soil composition and auxin on the rooting of H. syriacus cuttings.Methods: Cuttings used in this study were from 17 cultivars. As types of bed soil for propagation by cutting, gardening bed soil, sand, mixed soil 1, and mixed soil 2 were used, and the plant growth regulators of IBA and NAA were applied at 500, 1000, and 1500 mg⋅L-1 concentrations.Results: The rooting rate and number of roots were highest with the combination of perlite and vermiculite. On the other hand, the gardening bed soil showed an extremely low rooting percentage. The root growth was improved in most cultivars when treated by plant growth regulator. The highest rooting rate was verified at IBA 500 mg⋅L-1 treatment while the number of roots and root length showed good result in IBA 1500 mg⋅L-1 treatment.Conclusion: In many cultivars, it was observed that the rooting rate and number of roots differed depending on the bed soil. The most suitable bed soil for the cuttings was a mixture of peat moss and vermiculite, and it was possible to increase the efficiency through treatment with a growth regulator, and the efficiency of IBA was better than that of NAA. However, it is necessary to identify which detailed growth regulator treatment is suitable for the root development of each cultivar, because plant growth regulator was less effective and even problematic in some cultivars.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.585
Tae-Han Kim, Jae-Young Lee
Background and objective: Agricultural plastic waste (APW), which includes various types of plastics and greenhouse film, accounts for the largest volume of annual average incineration of plastic (Korea Environment Corporation, 2021). Open-burning incineration of such APW emits metallic particulate pollutants, the human hazard of which is widely known. As such, the systematic management of incinerable APW is required. Furthermore, basic physicochemical research on particulate pollutants (PPs) is needed for related policy decision-making.Methods: The U.S. EPA particulate test method (Method 5G) was applied to set up the experimental infrastructure for an open-air incineration simulation. Scanning electron microscopes with SEM-EDS and XRF were used for a chemical species analysis of the generated particulate matter (PM). Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), used as a greenhouse material and collected by the Dangjin plastic collection office of the Korea Environment Corporation, was used as samples and subjected to incineration test three times.Results: Chemical speciation by an XRF analysis showed that the major chemical components of LDPE before incineration, listed in order of their content, were Fe (26.87%, SD = 20.67) > Si (25.91%, SD = 11.29) > Al (16.43%, SD = 7.23), which was changed to Si (44.51%, SD = 0.25) > Zn (16.53%, SD = 0.03) > Ba (15.73%, SD = 0.05) after incineration. An SEM-EDS analysis found the PM emitted as rock-like shapes and cotton-like shapes. Regarding the weight ratio, the rock-shaped particles contained less C (8.94 wt%, SD = 1.90) and more Al (11.77 wt%, SD = 3.08) and Fe (9.58 wt%, SD = 7.14), whereas the cotton-shaped particles contained more C (29.44 wt%, SD = 3.97), less Al (2.34 wt%, SD = 0.19), and an untraceable amount of Fe (ND).Conclusion: This study found that PPs emitted through the incineration of APW such as LDPE can be classified into rock-like shapes and cotton-like shapes, which is related to the difference in weight ratio of non-metals (C), transition metals (Fe), and other metals (Al) in unit particulate matter.
{"title":"Are Particulate Pollutants Emitted by Open-Burning of Agricultural Plastic Waste (Greenhouse LDPE Film) Harmful?","authors":"Tae-Han Kim, Jae-Young Lee","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.585","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Agricultural plastic waste (APW), which includes various types of plastics and greenhouse film, accounts for the largest volume of annual average incineration of plastic (Korea Environment Corporation, 2021). Open-burning incineration of such APW emits metallic particulate pollutants, the human hazard of which is widely known. As such, the systematic management of incinerable APW is required. Furthermore, basic physicochemical research on particulate pollutants (PPs) is needed for related policy decision-making.Methods: The U.S. EPA particulate test method (Method 5G) was applied to set up the experimental infrastructure for an open-air incineration simulation. Scanning electron microscopes with SEM-EDS and XRF were used for a chemical species analysis of the generated particulate matter (PM). Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), used as a greenhouse material and collected by the Dangjin plastic collection office of the Korea Environment Corporation, was used as samples and subjected to incineration test three times.Results: Chemical speciation by an XRF analysis showed that the major chemical components of LDPE before incineration, listed in order of their content, were Fe (26.87%, SD = 20.67) > Si (25.91%, SD = 11.29) > Al (16.43%, SD = 7.23), which was changed to Si (44.51%, SD = 0.25) > Zn (16.53%, SD = 0.03) > Ba (15.73%, SD = 0.05) after incineration. An SEM-EDS analysis found the PM emitted as rock-like shapes and cotton-like shapes. Regarding the weight ratio, the rock-shaped particles contained less C (8.94 wt%, SD = 1.90) and more Al (11.77 wt%, SD = 3.08) and Fe (9.58 wt%, SD = 7.14), whereas the cotton-shaped particles contained more C (29.44 wt%, SD = 3.97), less Al (2.34 wt%, SD = 0.19), and an untraceable amount of Fe (ND).Conclusion: This study found that PPs emitted through the incineration of APW such as LDPE can be classified into rock-like shapes and cotton-like shapes, which is related to the difference in weight ratio of non-metals (C), transition metals (Fe), and other metals (Al) in unit particulate matter.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43820032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.637
Jung Won Shin, Yongxue Chi, Jung Min Kim, Ji Won Lee, Jung Hyun Chae, Cho Hyun Yang, Da Seul Baek, Sang Geul Baek, Hyun Won Yoon, Ha Na Lee, J. Seo, Yeoung Ryul Kim, J. Nam, C. Ahn
Background and objective: Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai is an endemic and endangered species in South Korea. We conducted in vitro propagation and regeneration of K. koreana from stem cuttings to investigate the effects of nine different basal culture media and five different carbohydrate sources on its growth.Methods: Apical segments (at least 1 cm long) collected randomly from a six-week-old K. koreana plantlet grown in vitro were used as explants. In the first experiment, the explants were transferred into square vessels containing 50 mL of nine different basal culture media supplemented with 30 g⋅L-1 sucrose and 3 g⋅L-1 Phytagel. In the second experiment, the explants were transferred into square vessels containing 50 mL half-strength SH medium supplemented with five different carbohydrate sources at 30 g⋅L-1. Each medium was solidified with 3 g⋅L-1 Phytagel. All experiments contained 4 cultures, and the experiments were repeated four times to enhance reproducibility. Data on stem length, shoot fresh weight, leaf width, leaf length, root count, and root length were collected at the end of 8 weeks of culture.Results: ANOVA showed that the basal culture medium had a significant effect on K. koreana growth (p < .001). The half-strength SH medium was the best condition for stem length, shoot fresh weight, leaf width and root length (3.76 ± 0.12 cm, 0.60 ± 0.06 g, 1.19 ± 0.05 cm, and 2.83 ± 0.13 cm, respectively). However, the highest percentage increase in root count (13.00 ± 0.90) was found to occur with half-strength WPM. The effect of different carbohydrate sources on K. koreana growth was significantly different (p < .001), with the exception of stem length and leaf width (p = .26 and p = .09, respectively). Maltose was the best condition for shoot fresh weight (0.90 ± 0.09 g). Although there was no significant difference, sucrose was found to be best for leaf width, leaf length and root length (1.34 ± 0.07 cm, 2.34 ± 0.10 cm, and 3.86 ± 0.19 cm, respectively).Conclusion: This in vitro propagation and regeneration system for K. koreana shows promise in terms of scalability and could help greatly with germplasm conservation and restoration efforts for the species.
{"title":"Effects of culture medium composition on the in vitro growth of stem cuttings of Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai, a rare species in Korea","authors":"Jung Won Shin, Yongxue Chi, Jung Min Kim, Ji Won Lee, Jung Hyun Chae, Cho Hyun Yang, Da Seul Baek, Sang Geul Baek, Hyun Won Yoon, Ha Na Lee, J. Seo, Yeoung Ryul Kim, J. Nam, C. Ahn","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.637","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai is an endemic and endangered species in South Korea. We conducted in vitro propagation and regeneration of K. koreana from stem cuttings to investigate the effects of nine different basal culture media and five different carbohydrate sources on its growth.Methods: Apical segments (at least 1 cm long) collected randomly from a six-week-old K. koreana plantlet grown in vitro were used as explants. In the first experiment, the explants were transferred into square vessels containing 50 mL of nine different basal culture media supplemented with 30 g⋅L-1 sucrose and 3 g⋅L-1 Phytagel. In the second experiment, the explants were transferred into square vessels containing 50 mL half-strength SH medium supplemented with five different carbohydrate sources at 30 g⋅L-1. Each medium was solidified with 3 g⋅L-1 Phytagel. All experiments contained 4 cultures, and the experiments were repeated four times to enhance reproducibility. Data on stem length, shoot fresh weight, leaf width, leaf length, root count, and root length were collected at the end of 8 weeks of culture.Results: ANOVA showed that the basal culture medium had a significant effect on K. koreana growth (p < .001). The half-strength SH medium was the best condition for stem length, shoot fresh weight, leaf width and root length (3.76 ± 0.12 cm, 0.60 ± 0.06 g, 1.19 ± 0.05 cm, and 2.83 ± 0.13 cm, respectively). However, the highest percentage increase in root count (13.00 ± 0.90) was found to occur with half-strength WPM. The effect of different carbohydrate sources on K. koreana growth was significantly different (p < .001), with the exception of stem length and leaf width (p = .26 and p = .09, respectively). Maltose was the best condition for shoot fresh weight (0.90 ± 0.09 g). Although there was no significant difference, sucrose was found to be best for leaf width, leaf length and root length (1.34 ± 0.07 cm, 2.34 ± 0.10 cm, and 3.86 ± 0.19 cm, respectively).Conclusion: This in vitro propagation and regeneration system for K. koreana shows promise in terms of scalability and could help greatly with germplasm conservation and restoration efforts for the species.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.627
Saetbyeol Kim, Yoo Sun Kim, J. Seo
Background and objective: With rapid urbanization, the introduction of plants in interior environments has become an essential factor owing to insufficient green areas and increased indoor living hours. In commercial spaces, the "planterior" can play an important role in spatial branding and marketing. With recent changes in lifestyle, including those induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of plants into indoor spaces has increased. This study aimed to analyze the current status and design characteristics of domestic commercial spaces and propose a future interior design direction for development.Methods: Eighty-eight case sites of domestic commercial spaces were selected nationwide to analyze the design characteristics and current status of planteriors. The basic status of the case sites was investigated, and the bestcase site was selected based on an assessment of the landscape's excellence and topicality.Results: Most commercial spaces selected as planterior case sites were located in the metropolitan area and were large cafés. Most places were built within the last year, with natural styles that use more plants than that required by the space, and accounted for the highest percentage by utilizing the direct method of fresh flowers. In most cases, excellent planterior landscapes were created, and more than 85% of the cases were found to have high online exposure, indicating that the planterior of a commercial space was effectively used as a marketing element. The design characteristics of the commercial space planterior analyzed as the bestcase site were topicality, simplicity, leadership, and unexpectedness, which was required for the space design due to the branding. These design characteristics were found to have a synergistic effect with the maintenance of plants.Conclusion: Overall, this study confirmed that the creation of planteriors in various types of commercial spaces plays an important role in spatial branding and marketing functions, and enables potential continuous development for the space design using plants. To continuously expand and develop planteriors in the future, a multilateral plant interior design study from the perspective of design, plants, and users is needed.
{"title":"Study on Current State and Design Characteristics of the Domestic Commercial Spatial \"Planterior\"","authors":"Saetbyeol Kim, Yoo Sun Kim, J. Seo","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.627","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: With rapid urbanization, the introduction of plants in interior environments has become an essential factor owing to insufficient green areas and increased indoor living hours. In commercial spaces, the \"planterior\" can play an important role in spatial branding and marketing. With recent changes in lifestyle, including those induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of plants into indoor spaces has increased. This study aimed to analyze the current status and design characteristics of domestic commercial spaces and propose a future interior design direction for development.Methods: Eighty-eight case sites of domestic commercial spaces were selected nationwide to analyze the design characteristics and current status of planteriors. The basic status of the case sites was investigated, and the bestcase site was selected based on an assessment of the landscape's excellence and topicality.Results: Most commercial spaces selected as planterior case sites were located in the metropolitan area and were large cafés. Most places were built within the last year, with natural styles that use more plants than that required by the space, and accounted for the highest percentage by utilizing the direct method of fresh flowers. In most cases, excellent planterior landscapes were created, and more than 85% of the cases were found to have high online exposure, indicating that the planterior of a commercial space was effectively used as a marketing element. The design characteristics of the commercial space planterior analyzed as the bestcase site were topicality, simplicity, leadership, and unexpectedness, which was required for the space design due to the branding. These design characteristics were found to have a synergistic effect with the maintenance of plants.Conclusion: Overall, this study confirmed that the creation of planteriors in various types of commercial spaces plays an important role in spatial branding and marketing functions, and enables potential continuous development for the space design using plants. To continuously expand and develop planteriors in the future, a multilateral plant interior design study from the perspective of design, plants, and users is needed.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43143620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.729
Eui-Je Lim, H. Han, Su-hee Kim
Background and objective: This study aimed to examine the construction intention, spatial composition, and landscape characteristics of Sojinjeong Garden, located in Geochang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, through a literature analysis and field survey. The findings can be summarized as follows.Methods: The research method was a combination of literature review and field surveys. The history of the construction of Sojinjeong and its garden was examined through a review of the literature, while the spatial composition and landscape characteristics of the garden were analyzed through field surveys and interviews.Results: Sojinjeong Garden was created by Confucian scholar Wucheon Do Jae-gyun in the 1920s. In the background to this garden's construction, the placeness related to Nammyeong Jo Shik, a great Confucian scholar of the Joseon period, played a large role. Do Jae-gyun, the creator of the garden, placed the garden centered on Sojinjeong and Imcheongjeong where Poyeon could be seen, keeping in mind the relationship between his ancestor, Do Hee-ryeong, and Nammyeong. He also created a colony of Lagerstroemia indica, which is in full bloom in summer, around the place where they took a wind bath. Various landscape elements of Sojinjeong Garden are distributed throughout Gusa Village, including the adjacent Okgye Stream, Poyeondae, and Banwhandae. These landscape elements can be roughly classified into scenic views inside and outside the garden, structures, and vegetation. The landscape structure of the garden is divided into inner garden, outer garden, and area of influence based on the location of the landscape elements, a typical structure for an annex garden. The scenic significance contained in Sojinjeong Garden is converged into the nickname of Sojinjeong Pavilion and the word Yokgi (浴沂; Yuyi in Chinese) that appears in a poem recited in the garden. This represents the intent of the creator of the garden, who wanted to make Sojinjeong Garden a place where he could cultivate himself in harmony with nature, away from the mundane world.Conclusion: Sojinjeong Garden is an annex garden of the Nammyeong School, built in the western part of Gyeongsang-do, and is considered to be a very valuable relic. However, the original landscape of Sojinjeong Garden is changing, and a reasonable management plan should be sought by regarding it as an integrated garden relic and making an objective evaluation.
{"title":"Landscape Characteristics of Sojinjeong Garden in Geochang","authors":"Eui-Je Lim, H. Han, Su-hee Kim","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.729","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: This study aimed to examine the construction intention, spatial composition, and landscape characteristics of Sojinjeong Garden, located in Geochang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, through a literature analysis and field survey. The findings can be summarized as follows.Methods: The research method was a combination of literature review and field surveys. The history of the construction of Sojinjeong and its garden was examined through a review of the literature, while the spatial composition and landscape characteristics of the garden were analyzed through field surveys and interviews.Results: Sojinjeong Garden was created by Confucian scholar Wucheon Do Jae-gyun in the 1920s. In the background to this garden's construction, the placeness related to Nammyeong Jo Shik, a great Confucian scholar of the Joseon period, played a large role. Do Jae-gyun, the creator of the garden, placed the garden centered on Sojinjeong and Imcheongjeong where Poyeon could be seen, keeping in mind the relationship between his ancestor, Do Hee-ryeong, and Nammyeong. He also created a colony of Lagerstroemia indica, which is in full bloom in summer, around the place where they took a wind bath. Various landscape elements of Sojinjeong Garden are distributed throughout Gusa Village, including the adjacent Okgye Stream, Poyeondae, and Banwhandae. These landscape elements can be roughly classified into scenic views inside and outside the garden, structures, and vegetation. The landscape structure of the garden is divided into inner garden, outer garden, and area of influence based on the location of the landscape elements, a typical structure for an annex garden. The scenic significance contained in Sojinjeong Garden is converged into the nickname of Sojinjeong Pavilion and the word Yokgi (浴沂; Yuyi in Chinese) that appears in a poem recited in the garden. This represents the intent of the creator of the garden, who wanted to make Sojinjeong Garden a place where he could cultivate himself in harmony with nature, away from the mundane world.Conclusion: Sojinjeong Garden is an annex garden of the Nammyeong School, built in the western part of Gyeongsang-do, and is considered to be a very valuable relic. However, the original landscape of Sojinjeong Garden is changing, and a reasonable management plan should be sought by regarding it as an integrated garden relic and making an objective evaluation.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.759
Jinvo Nam, Hyunkee Bae, Changhyoun Lee, Gil-Sang Lee
Background and objective: Climate change and its impact on carbon storage in urban trees is a topic that has received increasing attention. Related studies focusing on data collection and analysis-based programs, such as the Forestry Inventory Analysis (FIA) programme in the US, have presented remarkable approaches to obtaining integrated analysis estimates and its management structure from a long-term perspective. This study explored the FIA programme in the context of long-term management in relation to tree carbon-related data collection and analysis.Methods: For the analysis, this study employed bibliometric methods (network using VOSviewer and coordinated analysis using NVivo) and an analytical framework. The case study is based on FIA-related driver changes of the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' as well as the FIA management structure, using place-keeping theory as an integrated analytical framework and as the approach to long-term management.Results: Analysing FIA shows long-term management which has run since 2010, revealing key issues and significant terms in six dimensions of place-keeping analytical frameworks: public-private partnership-based data collection and political support in policy, central and local government-integrated fundraising from income generation, active governance-formed community activities in governance, alliance-structured networks in partnerships, integrated or unified estimated structures in evaluation, and maintenance. The case analysis reveals the necessity of a long-term management approach that incorporates a carbon storage estimate-focused policy, integrated income-partnerships, expanded active governance, Private Public Community Partnership (PPCP) multi-sector partnerships, and data platform settings.Conclusion: Newly emerging urban tree management structures should be reflected first on establishing an integrated carbon neutrality-based estimating system and secondly, on building long-term management approaches to the system. This will ultimately allow for climate change adaptation to approach carbon neutrality.
{"title":"An Analysis on the Long-term Management of Urban Tree Carbon Reduction 'Forestry Inventory Analysis' towards Climate Change Adaptation","authors":"Jinvo Nam, Hyunkee Bae, Changhyoun Lee, Gil-Sang Lee","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.759","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Climate change and its impact on carbon storage in urban trees is a topic that has received increasing attention. Related studies focusing on data collection and analysis-based programs, such as the Forestry Inventory Analysis (FIA) programme in the US, have presented remarkable approaches to obtaining integrated analysis estimates and its management structure from a long-term perspective. This study explored the FIA programme in the context of long-term management in relation to tree carbon-related data collection and analysis.Methods: For the analysis, this study employed bibliometric methods (network using VOSviewer and coordinated analysis using NVivo) and an analytical framework. The case study is based on FIA-related driver changes of the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' as well as the FIA management structure, using place-keeping theory as an integrated analytical framework and as the approach to long-term management.Results: Analysing FIA shows long-term management which has run since 2010, revealing key issues and significant terms in six dimensions of place-keeping analytical frameworks: public-private partnership-based data collection and political support in policy, central and local government-integrated fundraising from income generation, active governance-formed community activities in governance, alliance-structured networks in partnerships, integrated or unified estimated structures in evaluation, and maintenance. The case analysis reveals the necessity of a long-term management approach that incorporates a carbon storage estimate-focused policy, integrated income-partnerships, expanded active governance, Private Public Community Partnership (PPCP) multi-sector partnerships, and data platform settings.Conclusion: Newly emerging urban tree management structures should be reflected first on establishing an integrated carbon neutrality-based estimating system and secondly, on building long-term management approaches to the system. This will ultimately allow for climate change adaptation to approach carbon neutrality.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48595769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.595
Jae-hyuck Lee
Background and objective: As the use of renewable energy is expanding worldwide, conflicts are emerging in local communities due to environmental damage and competition for land use with existing industries, including agriculture and fishery. Accordingly, while many studies are trying to find alternatives to address such conflicts, studies on governance to implement these alternatives are insufficient. This study attempted to find options for the contentious field of renewable energy using text mining for each subject, and to suggest a direction for building governance to apply this in practice.Methods: Text mining for each subject was conducted targeting the Saemangeum floating photovoltaic power plants (FPVs) project, a large-scale renewable energy project in Korea.Results: As a result of the analysis, three clusters (stakeholder groups) were identified. First, local public officials complied with the government plan, as well as environmental activists from relatively remote areas. Second, local environmental activists and fishermen insisted on ecological conservation. Third, members of the public-private council (PPC) were concerned about industrial transformation. All groups shared a common perception that it was a renewable energy project that benefited the local ecological environment and people.Conclusion: Based on this, local public officials will play a role in cooperating and arranging improvements in renewable energy projects, fishermen and local environmentalists will play a role in developing ecological environment-based renewable energy plans, and the PPC will play a role in seeking a direction for coexistence with the fishery and revitalizing the region. It was also possible to set the direction of governance to implement a project effectively. As such, establishing governance that is tailored to the area where a renewable energy zone is developed can be a starting point for managing local conflicts and operating a project efficiently.
{"title":"A Governance Structure Based on an Opinion Analysis of Local Stakeholders of Saemangeum Floating Photovoltaic Power Plants Project: Using Text Mining for Each Subject","authors":"Jae-hyuck Lee","doi":"10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.6.595","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: As the use of renewable energy is expanding worldwide, conflicts are emerging in local communities due to environmental damage and competition for land use with existing industries, including agriculture and fishery. Accordingly, while many studies are trying to find alternatives to address such conflicts, studies on governance to implement these alternatives are insufficient. This study attempted to find options for the contentious field of renewable energy using text mining for each subject, and to suggest a direction for building governance to apply this in practice.Methods: Text mining for each subject was conducted targeting the Saemangeum floating photovoltaic power plants (FPVs) project, a large-scale renewable energy project in Korea.Results: As a result of the analysis, three clusters (stakeholder groups) were identified. First, local public officials complied with the government plan, as well as environmental activists from relatively remote areas. Second, local environmental activists and fishermen insisted on ecological conservation. Third, members of the public-private council (PPC) were concerned about industrial transformation. All groups shared a common perception that it was a renewable energy project that benefited the local ecological environment and people.Conclusion: Based on this, local public officials will play a role in cooperating and arranging improvements in renewable energy projects, fishermen and local environmentalists will play a role in developing ecological environment-based renewable energy plans, and the PPC will play a role in seeking a direction for coexistence with the fishery and revitalizing the region. It was also possible to set the direction of governance to implement a project effectively. As such, establishing governance that is tailored to the area where a renewable energy zone is developed can be a starting point for managing local conflicts and operating a project efficiently.","PeriodicalId":52383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of People, Plants, and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49499559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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