Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.23858/apa59.2021.2648
Ewelina Więcek-Bonowska
The article presents a unique set of 18th century apothecary vessels related to the Warsaw court of the Electors of Saxony. The stoneware jars were excavated at the site of the former Saxon Palace in Warsaw between 2006 and 2008. The collection, consisting of seven intact or almost completely-reconstructable specimens, is a unique find in Warsaw and in Poland. The article describes the vessels (their form, decoration and dimensions) and discusses their possible function (storing medicines used by the Saxon court). The study enlarges our limited knowledge about the material aspects of medicine in the Polish capital in the Modern period.
{"title":"Stoneware Jars from the 18th Century from the Saxon Palace in Warsaw","authors":"Ewelina Więcek-Bonowska","doi":"10.23858/apa59.2021.2648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa59.2021.2648","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a unique set of 18th century apothecary vessels related to the Warsaw court of the Electors of Saxony. The stoneware jars were excavated at the site of the former Saxon Palace in Warsaw between 2006 and 2008. The collection, consisting of seven intact or almost completely-reconstructable specimens, is a unique find in Warsaw and in Poland. The article describes the vessels (their form, decoration and dimensions) and discusses their possible function (storing medicines used by the Saxon court). The study enlarges our limited knowledge about the material aspects of medicine in the Polish capital in the Modern period.","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47799023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.23858/apa59.2021.2547
Piotr Werens, I. Piwoński, A. Kisielewska, Marzec Violetta
The collection of the District Museum in Sandomierz holds a previously unidentified and unpublished triangular ceramic crucible. After at least fifty years since its acquisition, it was possible to obtain detailed information about its chemical composition and presumed use in the past. Based on analogies from Central Europe, it is possible to date it typologically to the 14th-16th centuries. The stamp mark on the bottom of the crucible points to Tulln in Austria as the place of its origin. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed the presence of graphite in the ceramic mass of the vessel as well as carbon and iron compounds on its inner wall, which indicates its possible use in the production of steel by carburising of iron.
{"title":"Historical and SEM-EDS Analysis of a 14th-16th Century Triangular Crucible from Sandomierz, Poland","authors":"Piotr Werens, I. Piwoński, A. Kisielewska, Marzec Violetta","doi":"10.23858/apa59.2021.2547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa59.2021.2547","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of the District Museum in Sandomierz holds a previously unidentified and unpublished triangular ceramic crucible. After at least fifty years since its acquisition, it was possible to obtain detailed information about its chemical composition and presumed use in the past. Based on analogies from Central Europe, it is possible to date it typologically to the 14th-16th centuries. The stamp mark on the bottom of the crucible points to Tulln in Austria as the place of its origin. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed the presence of graphite in the ceramic mass of the vessel as well as carbon and iron compounds on its inner wall, which indicates its possible use in the production of steel by carburising of iron.","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46817603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Papadopoulos, I. Moffat, J. Donati, A. Sarris, T. Kalayci, G. Cantoro, Nasos Argyriou, K. Armstrong, F. Simon
Many ancient Greek cities are characterised by a regular orthogonal road network. These roads are ideal targets for geophysical investigation mainly due to their extensive geographic extent that makes them challenging to define by excavation. Geophysical mapping of these features will contribute to understanding ancient cities as it can provide considerable information about their geographic extent, spatial arrangement and urban dynamics. Large scale multisensor magnetic and electromagnetic induction methods have been used to map the ancient Greek city of Elis in the Peloponnese (Greece). This work complements other investigations that have been undertaken, employing other methods that include the interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery (Donati and Sarris forthcoming).
{"title":"Geophysical mapping of a classical Greek road network: A case study from the city of Elis, Peloponnese","authors":"N. Papadopoulos, I. Moffat, J. Donati, A. Sarris, T. Kalayci, G. Cantoro, Nasos Argyriou, K. Armstrong, F. Simon","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/hn3w7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/hn3w7","url":null,"abstract":"Many ancient Greek cities are characterised by a regular orthogonal road network. These roads are ideal targets for geophysical investigation mainly due to their extensive geographic extent that makes them challenging to define by excavation. Geophysical mapping of these features will contribute to understanding ancient cities as it can provide considerable information about their geographic extent, spatial arrangement and urban dynamics. Large scale multisensor magnetic and electromagnetic induction methods have been used to map the ancient Greek city of Elis in the Peloponnese (Greece). This work complements other investigations that have been undertaken, employing other methods that include the interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery (Donati and Sarris forthcoming).","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":"53 1","pages":"489-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47021464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tell el-Farkha is a Predynastic site in the Eastern Delta. Among the artefacts unearthed during twenty years of excavations one of the most important groups is composed of the cosmetic palettes, discovered in the graves as well as in the settlement. During Naqada IIIB, palettes were still important elements of the equipment of graves, but in general only geometrical shapes with characteristic incised frame were used. Zoomorphic or shield-shaped palettes were very rare. At Tell el-Farkha cosmetics palettes are known also from the settlement layers. A few bird-shaped cosmetic palettes from the Western Kom are connected with the older stage of the administrative-cultic centre, which can be dated to the beginning of Naqada IIIB. The dimensions of palettes and their distribution in the area suggests that such palettes were connected in some way with the early cult.
Tell el-Farkha是东部三角洲的一个前王朝遗址。在20年的挖掘中出土的人工制品中，最重要的一类是由化妆品调色板组成的，这些调色板在坟墓和定居点中都有发现。在Naqada iii ib期间，调色板仍然是坟墓装备的重要元素，但通常只使用具有特征切割框架的几何形状。兽形或盾形调色板非常罕见。在Tell el-Farkha，化妆品调色板也从沉降层中被发现。一些来自西Kom的鸟形化妆品调色板与行政-宗教中心的旧阶段相连，可以追溯到Naqada IIIB的开始。调色板的尺寸和它们在该地区的分布表明，这些调色板在某种程度上与早期的邪教有关。
{"title":"A few Remarks about Cosmetic Palettes from Tell el Farkha","authors":"K. Ciałowicz","doi":"10.23858/apa58.2020.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa58.2020.014","url":null,"abstract":"Tell el-Farkha is a Predynastic site in the Eastern Delta. Among the artefacts unearthed during twenty years of excavations one of the most important groups is composed of the cosmetic palettes, discovered in the graves as well as in the settlement. During Naqada IIIB, palettes were still important elements of the equipment of graves, but in general only geometrical shapes with characteristic incised frame were used. Zoomorphic or shield-shaped palettes were very rare. At Tell el-Farkha cosmetics palettes are known also from the settlement layers. A few bird-shaped cosmetic palettes from the Western Kom are connected with the older stage of the administrative-cultic centre, which can be dated to the beginning of Naqada IIIB. The dimensions of palettes and their distribution in the area suggests that such palettes were connected in some way with the early cult.","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47641343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kabaciński, Agnieszka Czekaj-Zastawny, H. A. Ibrahim, Jakub Mugaj
The research around the palaeo-lake of Gebel Ramlah has revealed the presence of numerous remains of Late Neolithic occupation. One such site – E-16-02 – was excavated in 2018 and delivered unique evidence pointing to the specific style of life of human groups here in the later Neolithic. In the light of the available evidence, it seems that the occupation was seasonal and the site was visited several times. Its main feature was an oven, carefully designed and regularly cleaned as it served for cooking food during subsequent visits to the place. The remaining features were occasionally constructed during each stay. The distribution of flint artefacts, chaotic, unpatterned, without visible places of flint processing and lacking clear links with features and remains of pottery vessels also indicate multiple visits to the site. This pattern is clearly different to that recognized during the Holocene climatic optimum when the extent of the settlements was substantially larger accompanied by a diversity of features indicating a stable, long-lasting occupation (Al Jerar Unit).
{"title":"Towards Understanding the Late Neolithic of the Egyptian Western Desert: Gebel Ramlah, Site E-16-02","authors":"J. Kabaciński, Agnieszka Czekaj-Zastawny, H. A. Ibrahim, Jakub Mugaj","doi":"10.23858/apa58.2020.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa58.2020.010","url":null,"abstract":"The research around the palaeo-lake of Gebel Ramlah has revealed the presence of numerous remains of Late Neolithic occupation. One such site – E-16-02 – was excavated in 2018 and delivered unique evidence pointing to the specific style of life of human groups here in the later Neolithic. In the light of the available evidence, it seems that the occupation was seasonal and the site was visited several times. Its main feature was an oven, carefully designed and regularly cleaned as it served for cooking food during subsequent visits to the place. The remaining features were occasionally constructed during each stay. The distribution of flint artefacts, chaotic, unpatterned, without visible places of flint processing and lacking clear links with features and remains of pottery vessels also indicate multiple visits to the site. This pattern is clearly different to that recognized during the Holocene climatic optimum when the extent of the settlements was substantially larger accompanied by a diversity of features indicating a stable, long-lasting occupation (Al Jerar Unit).","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":"58 1","pages":"179-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46136989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article represents a basic comparison of gouge collections from three different sites (Esh Shaheinab, Fox Hill and Kadero). These sites have produced important collections of lithics from the Early Neolithic period in central Sudan. Gouges were chosen as an important marker of various activities, and these were studied on the basis of examining this type of artefact. This paper presents basic observations on the technology and function of these artefacts.
{"title":"Comparison of Different Gouge Collections from Central Sudan","authors":"K. Kapustka, M. Winiarska-Kabacińska","doi":"10.23858/apa58.2020.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa58.2020.009","url":null,"abstract":"This article represents a basic comparison of gouge collections from three different sites (Esh Shaheinab, Fox Hill and Kadero). These sites have produced important collections of lithics from the Early Neolithic period in central Sudan. Gouges were chosen as an important marker of various activities, and these were studied on the basis of examining this type of artefact. This paper presents basic observations on the technology and function of these artefacts.","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48009939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The striking sandstone formation of Zolat el Hammad is located in the southern Libyan Desert, about halfway between the Middle Wadi Howar and El Atrun. The place has been known for its numerous rock engravings for more than a hundred years. Wild and domesticated animals as well as few human figures are depicted. Cattle engravings largely dominate, followed by giraffes and ostriches. In 1997 the first paintings were discovered in a small rock shelter. Very schematic bovids are drawn in red and white colour. However, even though it is one of the most remarkable rock art sites in this part of the Sahara, Zolat el Hammad has never been intensely studied. Observations on rock art and archaeology made during a short stay in 2001 are the basis for presenting an account of the area with the aim of encouraging further research on it.
Zolat el Hammad引人注目的砂岩地层位于利比亚沙漠南部，大约位于Wadi Howar中部和el Atrun之间。一百多年来，这个地方以其众多的岩石雕刻而闻名。描绘了野生动物和驯养动物，以及很少有人像。牛版画占主导地位，其次是长颈鹿和鸵鸟。1997年，第一批绘画作品在一个小型岩石避难所被发现。非常示意性的牛是用红色和白色绘制的。然而，尽管它是撒哈拉沙漠这一地区最引人注目的岩石艺术遗址之一，但Zolat el Hammad从未被深入研究过。2001年短暂停留期间对岩石艺术和考古的观察是介绍该地区的基础，目的是鼓励对其进行进一步研究。
{"title":"Rock Art and Archaeology – a Short Visit to Zolat el Hammad, Northern Sudan","authors":"F. Jesse","doi":"10.23858/apa58.2020.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa58.2020.016","url":null,"abstract":"The striking sandstone formation of Zolat el Hammad is located in the southern Libyan Desert, about halfway between the Middle Wadi Howar and El Atrun. The place has been known for its numerous rock engravings for more than a hundred years. Wild and domesticated animals as well as few human figures are depicted. Cattle engravings largely dominate, followed by giraffes and ostriches. In 1997 the first paintings were discovered in a small rock shelter. Very schematic bovids are drawn in red and white colour. However, even though it is one of the most remarkable rock art sites in this part of the Sahara, Zolat el Hammad has never been intensely studied. Observations on rock art and archaeology made during a short stay in 2001 are the basis for presenting an account of the area with the aim of encouraging further research on it.","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":"58 1","pages":"275-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43748295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Przemysław Bobrowski, M. Lityńska-Zając, Marta Osypińska, M. Jórdeczka
Bargat El-Shab, situated in the southern part of the Western Desert in Egypt, is one of those places which have been drawing people’s attention from the beginning of the Holocene. Numerous traces of human settlement have been registered on the eastern shore of a small palaeolake-playa, including a site dated to the climatic optimum of the Holocene. Features discovered during research initiated by the CPE at the beginning of the century, which include storage pits and hearths, held not only an abundance of stone artefacts and to a lesser extent ceramic artefacts in its fills, but also had exceptionally rich archaeological and archaeobotanical material. All this provided new and valuable information about the lives of hunter-gatherer communities/ or Neolithic pastoral communities, representing the so-called El Nabta / Al Jerar variant of settlement in the Western Desert.
Bargat El-Shab位于埃及西部沙漠的南部，是全新世以来备受人们关注的地方之一。在一个小型古湖泊湖的东岸发现了许多人类居住的痕迹，其中包括一个可追溯到全新世气候最佳时期的遗址。在本世纪初由CPE发起的研究中发现的特征，包括储存坑和壁炉，不仅在其填充物中保存了大量的石头人工制品和少量的陶瓷人工制品，而且还拥有非常丰富的考古和考古植物材料。所有这些都为狩猎采集社区或新石器时代牧民社区的生活提供了新的有价值的信息，代表了所谓的El Nabta / Al Jerar变体的西部沙漠定居点。
{"title":"The Early Holocene Archaeological Evidence (Site E-05-1) in Bargat El-Shab (Western Desert Egypt)","authors":"Przemysław Bobrowski, M. Lityńska-Zając, Marta Osypińska, M. Jórdeczka","doi":"10.23858/apa58.2020.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa58.2020.011","url":null,"abstract":"Bargat El-Shab, situated in the southern part of the Western Desert in Egypt, is one of those places which have been drawing people’s attention from the beginning of the Holocene. Numerous traces of human settlement have been registered on the eastern shore of a small palaeolake-playa, including a site dated to the climatic optimum of the Holocene. Features discovered during research initiated by the CPE at the beginning of the century, which include storage pits and hearths, held not only an abundance of stone artefacts and to a lesser extent ceramic artefacts in its fills, but also had exceptionally rich archaeological and archaeobotanical material. All this provided new and valuable information about the lives of hunter-gatherer communities/ or Neolithic pastoral communities, representing the so-called El Nabta / Al Jerar variant of settlement in the Western Desert.","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Masojć, Amel Hassan Gismallah, Grzegorz Michalec, A. Gałaś, M. Jórdeczka
This work presents Acheulean material discovered in Khor Shambat (Omdurman, Sudan), situated on the left-bank Nile valley a few km. north of Khor Abu Anga and about 7 km from the Nile valley, 10 km to the north-west of the confluence of the Blue and White Nile. The artefacts occur randomly in the channel or in the channel deposit, the latter forms elongated bars composed of fluvial deposits with a low degree of sorting. The assemblage consists of 34 artefacts made from highly eroded Nubian sandstones. The most common shape of the hand-axe from Khor Shambat is the cordiform type with lenticular cross section made on a chunk or cobble. The hand-axes from Khor Shambat were subject to a morphometric analysis together with the assemblage from two other Nubian Acheulean sites. The geometric-morphometric approach to 2D objects attempted to identify differences between the assemblages. The broad chronology of the Acheulean proposed for Khor Abu Anga by Roy L. Carlson (2015) might potentially be applicable to the Khor Shambat assemblage, which may fall within the range of 350–200ka.
这项工作介绍了在Khor Shambat（苏丹乌姆杜尔曼）发现的阿舍利物质，该物质位于尼罗河左岸，距离Khor Abu Anga以北几公里，距离尼罗河流域约7公里，距离青尼罗河和白尼罗河交汇处西北10公里。伪影随机出现在河道或河道沉积物中，后者形成由分选程度较低的河流沉积物组成的细长条带。该组合由34件由高度侵蚀的努比亚砂岩制成的人工制品组成。Khor Shambat手斧最常见的形状是心形，在大块或鹅卵石上形成透镜状横截面。Khor Shambat的手斧与另外两个努比亚Acheulean遗址的组合一起进行了形态计量学分析。二维物体的几何形态计量方法试图识别组合之间的差异。Roy L.Carlson（2015）为Khor Abu Anga提出的Acheulean广义年表可能适用于Khor Shambat组合，该组合可能在350–200ka范围内。
{"title":"Acheulean Bifaces from Khor Shambat, Omdurman (Sudan), Comparative Studies in the Nubian Context","authors":"M. Masojć, Amel Hassan Gismallah, Grzegorz Michalec, A. Gałaś, M. Jórdeczka","doi":"10.23858/apa58.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa58.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents Acheulean material discovered in Khor Shambat (Omdurman, Sudan), situated on the left-bank Nile valley a few km. north of Khor Abu Anga and about 7 km from the Nile valley, 10 km to the north-west of the confluence of the Blue and White Nile. The artefacts occur randomly in the channel or in the channel deposit, the latter forms elongated bars composed of fluvial deposits with a low degree of sorting. The assemblage consists of 34 artefacts made from highly eroded Nubian sandstones. The most common shape of the hand-axe from Khor Shambat is the cordiform type with lenticular cross section made on a chunk or cobble. The hand-axes from Khor Shambat were subject to a morphometric analysis together with the assemblage from two other Nubian Acheulean sites. The geometric-morphometric approach to 2D objects attempted to identify differences between the assemblages. The broad chronology of the Acheulean proposed for Khor Abu Anga by Roy L. Carlson (2015) might potentially be applicable to the Khor Shambat assemblage, which may fall within the range of 350–200ka.","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":"58 1","pages":"39-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44564306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1970s, the authors of this paper explored the Site 21b, situated in the north-western fringe of the Deir el-Bahari Valley, in the Theban Massif (Upper Egypt). Based on the significant variability in the state of preservation of artefacts’ surfaces, six series of artefacts were identified, corresponding to the Middle Palaeolithic and Pre-Dynastic assemblages. The most detailed analysis was performed for the inventory of the series 2, which was ascribed to a previously unknown industry with the Levallois technique and Mousterian discoidal cores. This industry is also characterised by an occurrence of a specific manner of obtaining flakes from globular and thick, flattened, lens-like nodules, abundantly occurring in the local Lower Eocene limestone. This manner of flake production was called the Bahari technique. Due to the occurrence of sidescrapers, Mousterian points, denticulated and notched pieces, the chronology of this series was determined as Middle Palaeolithic.
20世纪70年代，本文的作者探索了位于Deir el Bahari山谷西北边缘的21b遗址，该遗址位于底比斯（上埃及）。根据文物表面保存状态的显著变化，确定了六个系列的文物，对应于旧石器时代中期和前王朝时期的组合。对系列2的库存进行了最详细的分析，该系列被认为是以前未知的具有Levallois技术和Mousterian盘状岩心的行业。该行业的特点还在于，从球状、厚的、扁平的透镜状结核中获得薄片的特殊方式大量存在于当地的下始新世石灰岩中。这种薄片生产方式被称为巴哈里技术。由于侧裂、Mousterian点、有齿和有缺口的碎片的出现，该系列的年代被确定为旧石器时代中期。
{"title":"The Middle Palaeolithic Assemblage with Bahari Technique from the Site 21b in Deir el‑Bahari (Western Thebes), Upper Egypt","authors":"B. Drobniewicz, B. Ginter","doi":"10.23858/apa58.2020.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/apa58.2020.004","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1970s, the authors of this paper explored the Site 21b, situated in the north-western fringe of the Deir el-Bahari Valley, in the Theban Massif (Upper Egypt). Based on the significant variability in the state of preservation of artefacts’ surfaces, six series of artefacts were identified, corresponding to the Middle Palaeolithic and Pre-Dynastic assemblages. The most detailed analysis was performed for the inventory of the series 2, which was ascribed to a previously unknown industry with the Levallois technique and Mousterian discoidal cores. This industry is also characterised by an occurrence of a specific manner of obtaining flakes from globular and thick, flattened, lens-like nodules, abundantly occurring in the local Lower Eocene limestone. This manner of flake production was called the Bahari technique. Due to the occurrence of sidescrapers, Mousterian points, denticulated and notched pieces, the chronology of this series was determined as Middle Palaeolithic.","PeriodicalId":52408,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Polona","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46222293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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