Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v123i2.9219
Danielle Sirivat, S. Ramula, J. H. Burns
Invasive species can have detrimental effects on the health of local ecosystems. Lupinus polyphyllus is an herb native to western and northeast North America, but the species has become invasive worldwide. In northeastern Ohio, United States, the species is nonnative, but not invasive and not spreading rapidly. Because physical distance is not a barrier, there are other reasons behind the inability of the species to become locally invasive. Here, the net effect of the local soil biota on the range expansion of the species was tested to explore 2 alternative, non-mutually exclusive, hypotheses. First, if belowground enemies limit this species range, thenet effect of the soil biota would be negative. Alternatively, soil mutualists might have a relatively greater net effect on plant fitness. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with 3 populations of seeds from the invasive range across 2 experimental treatments: a general fungicide (ZeroTol®) treatment and a water-control treatment. Fungicide treatment reduced total biomass in 2 out of 3 populations, consistent with limitations by the abundance of belowground mutualists. Fungicide treatment also changed root structure by reducing the number of nodules, root length, and diameter, while increasing root tissue density. Although the fungicidetreatment hindered the growth of lupines overall, the changes in root structure indicate that the treated individuals were able to partially compensate by shifting to more of an outsourcing method of resource acquisition. The results suggest that in addition to belowground mutualistic interactions, phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific genetic variation may also contribute to the success of L. polyphyllus in its nonnative ranges.
{"title":"Soil Biota in a Nonnative Range has a Net Positive Effect on the Perennial Herb Lupinus polyphyllus","authors":"Danielle Sirivat, S. Ramula, J. H. Burns","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v123i2.9219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v123i2.9219","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species can have detrimental effects on the health of local ecosystems. Lupinus polyphyllus is an herb native to western and northeast North America, but the species has become invasive worldwide. In northeastern Ohio, United States, the species is nonnative, but not invasive and not spreading rapidly. Because physical distance is not a barrier, there are other reasons behind the inability of the species to become locally invasive. Here, the net effect of the local soil biota on the range expansion of the species was tested to explore 2 alternative, non-mutually exclusive, hypotheses. First, if belowground enemies limit this species range, thenet effect of the soil biota would be negative. Alternatively, soil mutualists might have a relatively greater net effect on plant fitness. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with 3 populations of seeds from the invasive range across 2 experimental treatments: a general fungicide (ZeroTol®) treatment and a water-control treatment. Fungicide treatment reduced total biomass in 2 out of 3 populations, consistent with limitations by the abundance of belowground mutualists. Fungicide treatment also changed root structure by reducing the number of nodules, root length, and diameter, while increasing root tissue density. Although the fungicidetreatment hindered the growth of lupines overall, the changes in root structure indicate that the treated individuals were able to partially compensate by shifting to more of an outsourcing method of resource acquisition. The results suggest that in addition to belowground mutualistic interactions, phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific genetic variation may also contribute to the success of L. polyphyllus in its nonnative ranges.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9531
C. Herdendorf
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
{"title":"Book Review - The Brilliance of Charles Whittlesey: Geologist, Surveyor, Military Engineer, Civil War Strategist, 2022. SM Totten","authors":"C. Herdendorf","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9531","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42937770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9468
James B. Short
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
{"title":"Letter to a Young Scientist","authors":"James B. Short","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9468","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41934532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9112
David B. Nolin
Public Land Survey System (PLSS) data collected in 1802 and 1803 were analyzed to evaluate the impacts of anthropogenic fire on pre-Euro-American settlement plant communities within a 50,193 ha (194-square-mile) study area east of what is now Dayton, Ohio. Surveyor data were converted to digital point, line, and polygon files using ArcMap software and mapped with some interpolation based on contemporary GIS data layers including topography, soil moisture, soil type, and Quaternary geology. Sixty-one percent of the study area was covered with woody and non-woody plant communities that are known to be shaped and/or maintained by long-term exposure to surface fires of varying intensities and frequencies: oak-hickory forest, oak woodland, oak savanna, oak barrens, and mesic prairie. Prairies and barrens were concentrated adjacent to the corridors of the Mad River and the Little Miami River and their major tributaries, while oak woodlands were concentrated in adjacent uplands. Oak-sugar maple forest covered an additional 29% of the study area, a community that was interpreted to be pyrophilic oak forest transitioning to mesophytic/ pyrophobic forest in the long-term absence of fire.
{"title":"Ecological Impacts of Anthropogenic Fire in Southwestern Ohio, USA, Documented from Public Land Survey Records from 1802 and 1803","authors":"David B. Nolin","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v122i2.9112","url":null,"abstract":"Public Land Survey System (PLSS) data collected in 1802 and 1803 were analyzed to evaluate the impacts of anthropogenic fire on pre-Euro-American settlement plant communities within a 50,193 ha (194-square-mile) study area east of what is now Dayton, Ohio. Surveyor data were converted to digital point, line, and polygon files using ArcMap software and mapped with some interpolation based on contemporary GIS data layers including topography, soil moisture, soil type, and Quaternary geology. Sixty-one percent of the study area was covered with woody and non-woody plant communities that are known to be shaped and/or maintained by long-term exposure to surface fires of varying intensities and frequencies: oak-hickory forest, oak woodland, oak savanna, oak barrens, and mesic prairie. Prairies and barrens were concentrated adjacent to the corridors of the Mad River and the Little Miami River and their major tributaries, while oak woodlands were concentrated in adjacent uplands. Oak-sugar maple forest covered an additional 29% of the study area, a community that was interpreted to be pyrophilic oak forest transitioning to mesophytic/ pyrophobic forest in the long-term absence of fire.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8845
Uwe Radtke
This study reviews existing literature regarding district heating (DH) data and its clustering. In district heating, heat is produced at a central plant and supplied via a pipeline network to consumers (for example: homes, businesses, and industrial facilities). Different approaches were used—some based on consumption data and others based on heat load/demand data. Common methodology was researched and checked. New methods were double checked if reused in related work or developed single purpose only. Most databases are highly susceptible to being inconsistent, incomplete (lacking attribute values), and/or noisy (containing errors or outlier values). The major obstacle to obtain knowledge is poor data. It is necessary, therefore, to ensure that the knowledge discovered from the databases is, in fact, reliable. The PRISMA flow chart was applied to screen over 60 articles and to perform the literature review. As a result, 12 papers were identified dealing with the structuring of district heating data—almost all use either K-means methodology directly or another methodology based on K-means. Additionally, this study identified a research gap regarding eastern Europe in the data used and descriptions of applied methods.
{"title":"A Brief Literature Review of Structuring District Heating Data based on Measured Values","authors":"Uwe Radtke","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8845","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviews existing literature regarding district heating (DH) data and its clustering. In district heating, heat is produced at a central plant and supplied via a pipeline network to consumers (for example: homes, businesses, and industrial facilities). Different approaches were used—some based on consumption data and others based on heat load/demand data. Common methodology was researched and checked. New methods were double checked if reused in related work or developed single purpose only. Most databases are highly susceptible to being inconsistent, incomplete (lacking attribute values), and/or noisy (containing errors or outlier values). The major obstacle to obtain knowledge is poor data. It is necessary, therefore, to ensure that the knowledge discovered from the databases is, in fact, reliable. The PRISMA flow chart was applied to screen over 60 articles and to perform the literature review. As a result, 12 papers were identified dealing with the structuring of district heating data—almost all use either K-means methodology directly or another methodology based on K-means. Additionally, this study identified a research gap regarding eastern Europe in the data used and descriptions of applied methods.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45955992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8669
Julie M. Bloxson, B. Saylor, F. Ettensohn
The Upper Ordovician (lower Katian; upper Chatfieldian-lower Edenian) Lexington-Trenton limestone and Point Pleasant-Utica shale intervals are important subsurface stratigraphic units across Ohio as they are the sources of significant conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources. However, both units exhibit anomalous distributions across the state and heterogeneous relationships, especially in areas where they intertongue. The limestone units show a peculiar SW-NE thinning trend across Ohio, whereas the overlying shale units show an anomalous thickening along the same trend—a trend associated with the poorly understood Sebree Trough, a supposed Late Ordovician paleobathymetric low related to the coeval Taconic Orogeny. To explore relationships amon Lexington-Trenton carbonates, Point Pleasant-Utica shales, and the presumed Sebree Trough, multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare geophysical well logs across the state with well logs referenced to the mineral content of 4 Lexington-Trenton-Point Pleasant-Utica cores. Comparing well-log responses with the mineral content of the reference cores allowed the discernment of 10 electrofacies, keyed to lithofacies in the cores. Software analysis of many other well logs across the state then made electrofacies assignments by comparing well-log responses from the other wells with well-log responses from the reference cores preset into the software. Electrofacies responses were color-coded, mapped in wells at 0.6 m (2 ft) resolution, and used to make section lines and isopach maps of similar electrofacies. Isopach maps and cross sections confirm the presence of the Sebree Trough across Ohio, with trends that parallel existing and projected basement structures. This suggests that the Sebree Trough in Ohio was a bathymetric low, which was, at least in part, controlled by reactivation of basement structures due to far-field Taconic stresses.
上奥陶统(下卡田);Lexington-Trenton石灰岩和Point Pleasant-Utica页岩段是俄亥俄州重要的地下地层单元，因为它们是重要的常规和非常规油气资源的来源。然而，这两个单位在整个州和异质关系中表现出异常的分布，特别是在它们相互作用的地区。灰岩单元在俄亥俄州表现出一种奇特的西南-东北向减薄趋势，而上覆的页岩单元则表现出沿同一趋势的异常增厚趋势——这一趋势与人们知之甚少的塞布里海槽有关，该海槽被认为是一个与同时期的Taconic造山运动有关的晚奥陶世古测深低点。为了探索Lexington-Trenton碳酸盐岩、Point Pleasant-Utica页岩和假定的Sebree海槽之间的关系，研究人员使用多元统计分析方法将全州的地球物理测井曲线与4个Lexington-Trenton-Point Pleasant-Utica岩心的矿物含量测井曲线进行了比较。将测井响应与参考岩心的矿物含量进行比较，可以识别出10种电相，这些电相与岩心中的岩相有关。软件分析了该州许多其他井的测井曲线，然后通过将其他井的测井曲线响应与预先输入软件的参考岩心的测井曲线响应进行比较，进行电相分配。电相响应以颜色编码，以0.6 m (2 ft)分辨率在井中绘制，并用于绘制类似电相的剖面线和等厚图。等深图和横截面图证实了西布里海槽在俄亥俄州的存在，其趋势与现有和预测的基底结构平行。这表明俄亥俄州的塞布里海槽是一个水深低点，至少在一定程度上是由远场Taconic应力引起的基底构造的重新激活控制的。
{"title":"Subsurface Relationships between the Sebree Trough and Carbonate-Siliciclastic Mixing in the Upper Ordovician Lexington-Trenton and Point Pleasant-Utica Intervals in Ohio, USA, using Multivariate Statistical Well Log Analysis","authors":"Julie M. Bloxson, B. Saylor, F. Ettensohn","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8669","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Ordovician (lower Katian; upper Chatfieldian-lower Edenian) Lexington-Trenton limestone and Point Pleasant-Utica shale intervals are important subsurface stratigraphic units across Ohio as they are the sources of significant conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources. However, both units exhibit anomalous distributions across the state and heterogeneous relationships, especially in areas where they intertongue. The limestone units show a peculiar SW-NE thinning trend across Ohio, whereas the overlying shale units show an anomalous thickening along the same trend—a trend associated with the poorly understood Sebree Trough, a supposed Late Ordovician paleobathymetric low related to the coeval Taconic Orogeny. To explore relationships amon Lexington-Trenton carbonates, Point Pleasant-Utica shales, and the presumed Sebree Trough, multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare geophysical well logs across the state with well logs referenced to the mineral content of 4 Lexington-Trenton-Point Pleasant-Utica cores. Comparing well-log responses with the mineral content of the reference cores allowed the discernment of 10 electrofacies, keyed to lithofacies in the cores. Software analysis of many other well logs across the state then made electrofacies assignments by comparing well-log responses from the other wells with well-log responses from the reference cores preset into the software. Electrofacies responses were color-coded, mapped in wells at 0.6 m (2 ft) resolution, and used to make section lines and isopach maps of similar electrofacies. Isopach maps and cross sections confirm the presence of the Sebree Trough across Ohio, with trends that parallel existing and projected basement structures. This suggests that the Sebree Trough in Ohio was a bathymetric low, which was, at least in part, controlled by reactivation of basement structures due to far-field Taconic stresses.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42514889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8662
Seth A. Ayotte, J. Vitali
Dihydroorotase (DHOase) catalyzes the reversible cyclization of N-carbamoyl-L aspartate (CA) to L-dihydroorotate (DHO) in the third step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The reaction is pH dependent; at low pH the biosynthetic reaction is favored (CA to DHO) and at high pH the degradative reaction is favored (DHO to CA). Even though DHOases share a common catalytic mechanism, they form a very diverse family of proteins. Methanococcus jannaschii is a hyperthermophilic and barophilic archaeon and its DHOase (Mj DHOase) is the first archaeal one that is being studied. A previously conducted physicochemical characterization of Mj DHOase gave information into its similarities and differences from the other known DHOases. In that study, enzyme kinetics were only analyzed in the degradative direction. The purpose of the current work is to further characterize Mj DHOase by studying the kinetics in the biosynthetic direction and the dependence of the reaction on pH in both directions. The properties obtained are compared with other known DHOases. The specific activity of Mj DHOase in the biosynthetic direction is approximately half the specific activity in the degradative direction, similar to human DHOase. Mj DHOase exhibits the characteristic pH dependence of the reaction.
{"title":"Enzyme Kinetics of Recombinant Dihydroorotase from Methanococcus jannaschii","authors":"Seth A. Ayotte, J. Vitali","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8662","url":null,"abstract":"Dihydroorotase (DHOase) catalyzes the reversible cyclization of N-carbamoyl-L aspartate (CA) to L-dihydroorotate (DHO) in the third step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The reaction is pH dependent; at low pH the biosynthetic reaction is favored (CA to DHO) and at high pH the degradative reaction is favored (DHO to CA). Even though DHOases share a common catalytic mechanism, they form a very diverse family of proteins. Methanococcus jannaschii is a hyperthermophilic and barophilic archaeon and its DHOase (Mj DHOase) is the first archaeal one that is being studied. A previously conducted physicochemical characterization of Mj DHOase gave information into its similarities and differences from the other known DHOases. In that study, enzyme kinetics were only analyzed in the degradative direction. The purpose of the current work is to further characterize Mj DHOase by studying the kinetics in the biosynthetic direction and the dependence of the reaction on pH in both directions. The properties obtained are compared with other known DHOases. The specific activity of Mj DHOase in the biosynthetic direction is approximately half the specific activity in the degradative direction, similar to human DHOase. Mj DHOase exhibits the characteristic pH dependence of the reaction.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47160748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8435
D. Ingold
Several studies have examined how grassland birds use reclaimed surface mines during the breeding season, but few studies have documented how these birds use these areas during the winter and early spring months. Using point counts, birds occupying a reclaimed surface-mine site in southeastern Ohio were surveyed from late December 2020 to April 2021. The primary objective was to document bird abundance and species richness across a temporal gradient spanning from late December 2020 through April 2021. Additionally, bird species composition was examined in habitat patches dominated by cool-season plants and in a single warm-season plot dominated by switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). A total of 1,452 bird sightings were made consisting of 40 species in 7 orders. Songbirds (order Passeriformes) comprised 60% of all sightings, and most of these (53%) were Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), and Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Thirty-nine species were observed on cool-season sites versus 13 species in the switchgrass plot. Species including returning Eastern Meadowlarks, Henslow's Sparrows (Centronyx henslowii), and Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) were common on the cool-season plots, but uncommon or absent in the switchgrass plot. Conversely, the switchgrass plot had more wintering American Tree Sparrows (Spizelloides arborea) and returning Swamp Sparrows (Melospiza georgiana). Return rates of long-distance migratory species fell within the time frames for these species as obtained from previous studies in this region. The diverse habitat structure of the cool-season portions of this study site attracted some winter species, including birds of prey, as well as several returning migratory species.
{"title":"Abundance and Habitat Associations of Winter and Spring Birds on a Reclaimed Surface Mine (The Wilds) in Ohio, USA","authors":"D. Ingold","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8435","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have examined how grassland birds use reclaimed surface mines during the breeding season, but few studies have documented how these birds use these areas during the winter and early spring months. Using point counts, birds occupying a reclaimed surface-mine site in southeastern Ohio were surveyed from late December 2020 to April 2021. The primary objective was to document bird abundance and species richness across a temporal gradient spanning from late December 2020 through April 2021. Additionally, bird species composition was examined in habitat patches dominated by cool-season plants and in a single warm-season plot dominated by switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). A total of 1,452 bird sightings were made consisting of 40 species in 7 orders. Songbirds (order Passeriformes) comprised 60% of all sightings, and most of these (53%) were Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), and Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Thirty-nine species were observed on cool-season sites versus 13 species in the switchgrass plot. Species including returning Eastern Meadowlarks, Henslow's Sparrows (Centronyx henslowii), and Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) were common on the cool-season plots, but uncommon or absent in the switchgrass plot. Conversely, the switchgrass plot had more wintering American Tree Sparrows (Spizelloides arborea) and returning Swamp Sparrows (Melospiza georgiana). Return rates of long-distance migratory species fell within the time frames for these species as obtained from previous studies in this region. The diverse habitat structure of the cool-season portions of this study site attracted some winter species, including birds of prey, as well as several returning migratory species.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49523540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8325
Mohammad D. Fakhari, D. M. Jones, M. Baranoski
Partially exposed bedrock beneath Pleistocene glacial till in Erie County (north-central Ohio) displays unusual structural deformation in the Devonian Berea Sandstone, Bedford Shale, and Ohio Shale. These folded and faulted units are exposed in creeks as anticlines and synclines. Past studies of this area proposed Pleistocene ice movement and soft-sediment deformation during the Late Paleozoic as the deformation mechanisms, but these hypotheses cannot explain the extent of layer displacement or the contradiction between the southwest travel direction of the ice sheet and the structural sense of motion on the folded units. A new interpretation using field data and constructing geologic profiles explains the development of these structures. This study investigated 17 anticlines that trend in different directions. Four of these anticlines are tightly folded with steep or overturned flanks and thrust-faulted Ohio Shale in their cores. Structural analysis of these folds shows that the incompetent shaly units of the Plum Brook–Ohio–Bedford and competent Berea Sandstone were folded above the Delaware–Niagara carbonates as a result of the compressional stress during the Late Paleozoic. Development of these tight or overturned folds, and change in trend of the anticlines, is caused by unusual stratigraphic thickness variations in the Berea and Bedford units. Preserved and undeformed fine sedimentary structures, and sharply faulted beds, in the Berea and Bedford indicate that soft-sediment deformation was not the cause of the regional structural deformation. Finally, the absence of physical features of glacially deformed bedrock demonstrates that Pleistocene glacial ice shove was not the cause of deformed bedrock units in the study area.
{"title":"Evidence for Possible Late Paleozoic Alleghenian Deformation Structures in the Devonian Rocks of Erie County, Ohio, USA","authors":"Mohammad D. Fakhari, D. M. Jones, M. Baranoski","doi":"10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v122i2.8325","url":null,"abstract":"Partially exposed bedrock beneath Pleistocene glacial till in Erie County (north-central Ohio) displays unusual structural deformation in the Devonian Berea Sandstone, Bedford Shale, and Ohio Shale. These folded and faulted units are exposed in creeks as anticlines and synclines. Past studies of this area proposed Pleistocene ice movement and soft-sediment deformation during the Late Paleozoic as the deformation mechanisms, but these hypotheses cannot explain the extent of layer displacement or the contradiction between the southwest travel direction of the ice sheet and the structural sense of motion on the folded units. A new interpretation using field data and constructing geologic profiles explains the development of these structures. This study investigated 17 anticlines that trend in different directions. Four of these anticlines are tightly folded with steep or overturned flanks and thrust-faulted Ohio Shale in their cores. Structural analysis of these folds shows that the incompetent shaly units of the Plum Brook–Ohio–Bedford and competent Berea Sandstone were folded above the Delaware–Niagara carbonates as a result of the compressional stress during the Late Paleozoic. Development of these tight or overturned folds, and change in trend of the anticlines, is caused by unusual stratigraphic thickness variations in the Berea and Bedford units. Preserved and undeformed fine sedimentary structures, and sharply faulted beds, in the Berea and Bedford indicate that soft-sediment deformation was not the cause of the regional structural deformation. Finally, the absence of physical features of glacially deformed bedrock demonstrates that Pleistocene glacial ice shove was not the cause of deformed bedrock units in the study area.","PeriodicalId":52416,"journal":{"name":"Ohio Journal of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43252357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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