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Book Review - America’s Other Audubon, 2012. Joy M. Kiser 书评-《美国的另一个奥杜邦》,2012年。Joy M.Kiser
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v118i2.6670
Robert C. Glotzhober
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Table of Contents 目录
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v118i2.6668
The Ohio Academy of Science
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Announcement from The Ohio Journal of Science Editor 来自《俄亥俄科学杂志》编辑的公告
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.18061/OJS.V118I2.6675
L. E. Elfner
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Front Cover 前盖
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.18061/ojs.v118i2.6667
The Ohio Academy of Science
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review - The Prairie Peninsula, 2017. Gary Meszaros and Guy L. Denny 书评-草原半岛,2017。Gary Meszaros和Guy L.Denny
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.18061/OJS.V118I2.6672
Robert C. Glotzhober
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Letter to a Young Scientist 给一位年轻科学家的信
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.18061/OJS.V118I2.6674
N. Daniels
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
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引用次数: 0
A New Map of Pleistocene Proglacial Lake Tight Based on GIS Modeling and Analysis 基于GIS建模与分析的更新世前冰期湖泊分布图
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-12-05 DOI: 10.18061/OJS.V118I2.6548
James L. Erjavec
Glacial-age Lake Tight was first mapped by John F. Wolfe in 1942. Wolfe compiled his map from photographs of 50 USGS topographic maps, and used the 900-foot contour to delineate its shoreline. An estimate, as reported by Hansen in 1987, suggested an area of approximately 18,130 km2 (7,000 mi2) for the lake. Using a geographic information system (GIS) environment, an updated map of Lake Tight was developed employing the 275-meter (902-foot) elevation contour. Calculations now suggest the area of Lake Tight was 43 percent larger or approximately 26,000 km2 (10,040 mi2) and the volume approximately 1,120 km3 (268 mi3). The reconstruction of Lake Tight in a GIS creates a spatial analysis platform that can support research on the origin and development of the lake, the geologic processes that occurred as a consequence of the advance of the pre-Illinoian ice, and the origin of the Ohio River. The development of the upper Ohio Valley during the Quaternary Period remains one of the outstanding problems in North American geology. The details of the transition from the Teays River to Lake Tight, and from Lake Tight to the Ohio River, are poorly understood despite more than 100-years passing since the first significant study of those changes. A refined understanding of the area and depth of Lake Tight is essential but is complicated by fundamental unknowns—such as the location of the pre-Illinoian ice margin and the extent and consequence of isostatic flexure of the lithosphere due to ice-loading and lake-loading. Given the assumptions required for the model, the accuracy of both the raster data and the 1942 topographic maps, and the paucity of essential field data, mapping the lake shoreline at the widely cited 274.32-meter (900-foot) contour would not provide increased verifiable accuracy.
冰河时代的斯特湖最早是由约翰·f·沃尔夫在1942年绘制的。沃尔夫根据50张美国地质勘探局地形图的照片编制了他的地图,并用900英尺的等高线划定了它的海岸线。汉森在1987年的报告中估计,该湖的面积约为18,130平方公里(7,000平方英里)。利用地理信息系统(GIS)环境,采用275米(902英尺)的高程等高线绘制了一幅最新的斯泰特湖地图。现在的计算表明,斯泰特湖的面积要大43%,约为26000平方公里(10040平方英里),体积约为1120平方公里(268平方英里)。在GIS中重建斯泰特湖创建了一个空间分析平台,可以支持对湖泊的起源和发展、前伊利诺斯州冰的推进所导致的地质过程以及俄亥俄河起源的研究。上俄亥俄河谷第四纪的发育一直是北美地质研究的突出问题之一。尽管对这些变化的第一次重要研究已经过去了100多年,但人们对从Teays河到Tight湖以及从Tight湖到俄亥俄河的转变的细节知之甚少。对斯泰特湖的面积和深度的精确了解是必不可少的,但由于一些基本的未知因素,如前伊利诺斯纪冰缘的位置,以及由冰和湖负载引起的岩石圈均衡弯曲的程度和后果,使研究变得复杂。考虑到模型所需的假设,栅格数据和1942年地形图的准确性,以及基本野外数据的缺乏,在被广泛引用的274.32米(900英尺)等高线上绘制湖岸线不会提供更高的可验证精度。
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引用次数: 1
On-Board Ultrasonic Water-in-Diesel Emulsion (WiDE) Fuel System for Low-Emission Diesel Engine Combustion 用于低排放柴油机燃烧的车载超声柴油水乳化(宽)燃料系统
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-11-26 DOI: 10.18061/OJS.V118I2.6443
K. Kojima, J. Kojima
Water-in-diesel emulsion (WiDE) fuel is a promising alternative fuel capable of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM) in diesel engine exhaust while simultaneously preserving combustion efficiency of the engine. However, the instability of WiDE fuel—and the high costs of production and transportation—hinder its commercialization and widespread use. An on-board ultrasonic WiDE fuel supply system is proposed as a solution to this challenge. This system allows diesel fuel and water to be continuously emulsified on-board a diesel vehicle. Diesel fuel and water, stored in individual reservoirs, are conveyed in specific ratios to an in-line mixing chamber and are rapidly homogenized by ultrasonic cavitation before entering the fuel injectors. The produced emulsion fuel is then supplied to the engine. A proof-of-concept study was conducted to compare exhaust emissions between emulsion fuels and conventional fuels. Open-flame combustion experiments were conducted using a lab-scale burner to test the system with both diesel and biodiesel fuels. Unique optical diagnostics and image-processing techniques were used to estimate PM emission levels. Results showed a reduction of PM with the use of the on-board WiDE system compared to traditional diesel fuels. PM emissions from biodiesel fuel were reduced by 58% when water-in-biodiesel emulsion was combusted with 2% water. Additionally, a PM emission reduction of 35% was achieved through emulsification of diesel fuel with 2% water. This prototype demonstrates the potential for the on-board WiDE fuel supply concept to both overcome the traditional barriers hindering the commercialization of WiDE fuel and preserve its low-emission and superior combustion efficiency characteristics.
水包柴油乳液(WiDE)燃料是一种很有前途的替代燃料,能够减少柴油发动机排气中的氮氧化物(NOX)和颗粒物(PM),同时保持发动机的燃烧效率。然而,WiDE燃料的不稳定性以及高昂的生产和运输成本阻碍了其商业化和广泛使用。针对这一挑战,提出了一种车载超声波WiDE燃料供应系统。该系统允许柴油燃料和水在柴油车上连续乳化。储存在单个储液罐中的柴油燃料和水以特定的比例输送到直列混合室,并在进入喷油器之前通过超声波空化快速均匀化。然后将产生的乳化燃料供应给发动机。进行了一项概念验证研究,以比较乳化燃料和传统燃料之间的废气排放。使用实验室规模的燃烧器进行了明火燃烧实验,以测试柴油和生物柴油燃料的系统。使用独特的光学诊断和图像处理技术来估计PM排放水平。结果表明,与传统柴油燃料相比,使用车载WiDE系统可降低PM。当生物柴油乳液中的水与2%的水燃烧时,生物柴油燃料的PM排放减少了58%。此外,通过用2%的水乳化柴油燃料,实现了35%的PM排放减少。该原型展示了车载WiDE燃料供应概念的潜力,既可以克服阻碍WiDE燃料商业化的传统障碍,又可以保持其低排放和卓越的燃烧效率特性。
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引用次数: 0
Source Locality Effects on Restoration Potential in Sphagnum palustre L. from 3 Ohio Sites 来源地方性对俄亥俄州3个地点褐藻恢复潜力的影响
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.18061/OJS.V118I2.6354
T. Miller, R. Mitchell
Understanding whether propagules from different donor sources differ in their performance at a site may be important for restoration of many habitats. This study aimed at evaluating source effects in Sphagnum palustre L, a peatland moss species, for potential use in a restoration setting. Tamarack Bog, a remnant peatland in Bath Township, Ohio, is being restored. One goal is to increase Sphagnum coverage. This study focused on the dominant species of peat moss at the bog, S. palustre. To test for source effects, S. palustre and water samples were collected from 3 different locations (Mentor Marsh, Tamarack Bog, and Singer Lake) and used in 2 experiments. Plant performance was assessed by measuring growth in length and increase in mass. In the first experiment, a full factorial test was conducted: moss sampled from each location was grown directly in water collected from each location. In the second experiment—also a full factorial test—moss sampled from each location was separately grown on a uniform, commercially harvested, peat substrate and supplied with water collected from each location. In the design of both experiments, local adaptation would be indicated by better performance (both experiments measured length change and mass change, plus capitulum counts in the second experiment) for plants grown in their home water source than for plants grown in water from other sites. Ultimately, the study team did not observe evidence for local adaptation in these experiments. However, there were strong plant source effects in both experiments and some indication of differences in response to the water from different sources. Interpreting these results from a restoration standpoint, using donor plants from several source sites may improve the success of restoration.
了解来自不同供体来源的繁殖体在一个地点的表现是否不同,对于许多栖息地的恢复可能是重要的。本研究旨在评估泥炭地苔藓Sphagnum palustre L的源效应,为其在泥炭地恢复环境中的潜在应用提供参考。塔玛拉克沼泽是俄亥俄州巴斯镇残存的泥炭地,目前正在恢复中。一个目标是增加Sphagnum的覆盖率。本研究以泥炭苔藓的优势种S. palustre为研究对象。为了检验源效应,从3个不同地点(Mentor Marsh、Tamarack沼泽和Singer湖)采集了S. palustre和水样,并进行了2个实验。通过测量植株的生长长度和质量来评估植株的性能。在第一个实验中,进行了全因子试验:从每个地点取样的苔藓直接生长在从每个地点收集的水中。在第二个实验中——也是一个全因子测试——从每个地点取样的苔藓分别生长在统一的、商业收获的泥炭基质上,并提供从每个地点收集的水。在这两个实验的设计中,本地适应表现为在本地水源中生长的植物比在其他地方的水源中生长的植物表现更好(两个实验都测量了长度变化和质量变化,第二个实验中还测量了头状花序数量)。最终,研究小组在这些实验中没有观察到局部适应的证据。然而,在两个实验中都有很强的植物源效应,并且有一些迹象表明对不同来源的水的反应存在差异。从恢复的角度解释这些结果,使用来自多个来源的供体植物可能会提高恢复的成功率。
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引用次数: 0
Mass-length Relationships for 3 Bee Species in Northwest Ohio 俄亥俄州西北部3种蜜蜂的体长关系
Q4 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.18061/OJS.V118I2.6433
Justin D. Burdine, Erin Plummer, M. Seidel, K. McCluney
The ability to accurately estimate bee mass through measurements of intertegular distance (ITD) is an important tool for field biologists. ITD is the distance between the bases of the 2 wing tegulae on the bee’s thorax. However, the relationship between ITD and bee mass can vary based on species and sampling region. A collection of 92 bees—representing 3 species—was examined to assess the accuracy of ITD in estimating dry mass for bees in northwest Ohio.  The focus was on 3 species: silky striped sweat bees (Agapostemon sericeus), honey bees (Apis mellifera), and common eastern bumble bees (Bombus impatiens).  Overall, there was a positive correlation between ITD and dry mass across all individuals sampled (R2 = 0.77), but within species the degree of correlation varied significantly. The results suggest that ITD accurately estimates dry mass in silky striped sweat bees (R2 = 0.93), but the correlation weakens in common eastern bumble bees (R2 = 0.54) and is non-existent in honey bees (R2 = 0.39). Field biologists interested in using ITD to estimate bee mass should take preliminary measurements when investigating bumble bees, and should avoid ITD estimates in honey bees.
通过测量角间距离(ITD)准确估计蜜蜂质量的能力是野外生物学家的重要工具。ITD是蜜蜂胸部两个翅膀被盖基部之间的距离。然而,ITD和蜜蜂数量之间的关系可能因物种和采样区域而异。对代表3个物种的92只蜜蜂进行了调查,以评估ITD在估计俄亥俄州西北部蜜蜂干重方面的准确性。重点研究了3个物种:丝纹汗蜂(Agapostemon sericeus)、蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)和常见的东部大黄蜂(Bombus impatiens)。总体而言,在所有采样个体中,ITD和干物质之间存在正相关(R2=0.77),但在物种内,相关程度差异显著。结果表明,ITD准确地估计了丝纹汗蜂的干质量(R2=0.93),但这种相关性在普通东部大黄蜂中减弱(R2=0.54),在蜜蜂中不存在(R2=0.39)。有兴趣使用ITD估计蜜蜂质量的野外生物学家在调查大黄蜂时应进行初步测量,并应避免对蜜蜂进行ITD估计。
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引用次数: 3
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Ohio Journal of Sciences
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