As a result of globalization and intensive competition, knowledge and knowledge management has become the main factor that determine the market value of the enterprises or organizations. With its increasing importance knowledge has become an important component in creating competitive advantage and business capital has begun to be distinguished as physical capital and intellectual capital. As a basic resource of intellectual capital, organizations have to effectively and systematically manage this knowledge in order to survive and create sustainable competitive advantage in long term. In simple terms, knowledge management refers to creation, adaptation, dissemination and usage of required knowledge within organization and among organisations through a well-planned process. Hence, knowledge management express a certain process and this process consists of certain steps such as acquiring, creating, documenting, disseminating, sharing and use of knowledge. Especially in 1990s, with the increasing attention to knowledge management (processes), it has become one of the most debated management concepts and numerous studies conducted in the scope of this emerging concept. Contrary to its popularity in business management literature, it’s seen that number of studies on knowledge management (processes) in hospitality industry is very limited. Thus, knowledge management is a relatively new concept for hospitality management literature and much more detailed studies need to be conducted in order to understand the knowledge management and knowledge management processes in hospitality industry. In this context, this study aims to draw attention to knowledge management in hotels by evaluating knowledge management processes in thermal hotels. Within the scope of research the knowledge management processes applied in thermal hotels has been determined through conducting questionnaire surveys. Percentage and frequency tables are used to present participants’ demographic characteristics and learn participants’ views about knowledge management processes. Finally, discriminant analysis determines differences between participants’ views based on their demographic characteristics. Keywords: Knowledge, Management, Thermal Hotel, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
{"title":"Knowledge Management Processes in Thermal Hotels:An Application in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey","authors":"Ahmet Baytok, H. Soybali, Özcan Zorlu","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11419","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of globalization and intensive competition, knowledge and \u0000knowledge management has become the main factor that determine the \u0000market value of the enterprises or organizations. With its increasing \u0000importance knowledge has become an important component in creating \u0000competitive advantage and business capital has begun to be distinguished \u0000as physical capital and intellectual capital. As a basic resource of \u0000intellectual capital, organizations have to effectively and systematically \u0000manage this knowledge in order to survive and create sustainable \u0000competitive advantage in long term. In simple terms, knowledge \u0000management refers to creation, adaptation, dissemination and usage of \u0000required knowledge within organization and among organisations through \u0000a well-planned process. Hence, knowledge management express a certain \u0000process and this process consists of certain steps such as acquiring, \u0000creating, documenting, disseminating, sharing and use of knowledge. \u0000Especially in 1990s, with the increasing attention to knowledge \u0000management (processes), it has become one of the most debated \u0000management concepts and numerous studies conducted in the scope of \u0000this emerging concept. Contrary to its popularity in business management \u0000literature, it’s seen that number of studies on knowledge management \u0000(processes) in hospitality industry is very limited. Thus, knowledge \u0000management is a relatively new concept for hospitality management \u0000literature and much more detailed studies need to be conducted in order to understand the knowledge management and knowledge management \u0000processes in hospitality industry. \u0000In this context, this study aims to draw attention to knowledge \u0000management in hotels by evaluating knowledge management processes in \u0000thermal hotels. Within the scope of research the knowledge management \u0000processes applied in thermal hotels has been determined through \u0000conducting questionnaire surveys. Percentage and frequency tables are \u0000used to present participants’ demographic characteristics and learn \u0000participants’ views about knowledge management processes. Finally, \u0000discriminant analysis determines differences between participants’ views \u0000based on their demographic characteristics. \u0000Keywords: Knowledge, Management, Thermal Hotel, Afyonkarahisar, \u0000Turkey","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"151-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82011350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rural development is identified as one of the key areas of intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The main drivers of rural development can be small sized companies run by rural entrepreneurs, and intervention should be focused on enabling environment for their growth. The paper presents analysis of the factors determining growth in employment by small rural businesses in BiH, using quantitative data from original survey conducted in 2012. The direction and magnitude of different factors were further analyzed through qualitative data analysis. Findings from this research identify the key obstacles affecting growth of rural businesses, primarily related to infrastructure, access to finance, access to market, and availability of “soft” skills. The paper proposed possible ways of intervention in reducing these obstacles in order to promote rural development in BiH.
{"title":"Determinations of Firm Growth: A Study of Rural SMEs in Bosnia-Herzegovina","authors":"Selma Delalić, N. Oruč","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11411","url":null,"abstract":"Rural development is identified as one of the key areas of intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The main drivers of rural development can be small sized companies run by rural entrepreneurs, and intervention should be focused on enabling environment for their growth. The paper presents analysis of the factors determining growth in employment by small rural businesses in BiH, using quantitative data from original survey conducted in 2012. The direction and magnitude of different factors were further analyzed through qualitative data analysis. Findings from this research identify the key obstacles affecting growth of rural businesses, primarily related to infrastructure, access to finance, access to market, and availability of “soft” skills. The paper proposed possible ways of intervention in reducing these obstacles in order to promote rural development in BiH.","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"5-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91287152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of agriculture in economic development remains much debated. This paper takes an empirical perspective and focuses on the relationships between agriculture productivity and poverty reduction. The contribution of agriculture sector to poverty is shown to depend on its own growth performance, its indirect impact on growth in other sectors, the extent to which poor people participate in the sector, and the size of the sector in the overall economy. Bringing together these different effects and taking into consideration the role played by technological innovation, we use an aggregate annual panel data, on a sample composed of 32Sub-SaharanAfrica (SSA) countries, from 1990-2011 to estimate a simultaneous equation model that capture the interrelationship between agriculture productivity, technological innovation and poverty. Findings show first that agricultural productivity contributes significantly to economic growth and poverty in SSA. Second, technological innovation appears to have a positive and significant impact on poverty through its direct and indirect impact through agriculture productivity and growth.
{"title":"Agricultural Productivity and Poverty Alleviation: What Role for Technological Innovation","authors":"Abdelhafidh Dhrifi","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11418","url":null,"abstract":"The role of agriculture in economic development remains much debated. This paper takes an empirical perspective and focuses on the relationships between agriculture productivity and poverty reduction. The contribution of agriculture sector to poverty is shown to depend on its own growth performance, its indirect impact on growth in other sectors, the extent to which poor people participate in the sector, and the size of the sector in the overall economy. Bringing together these different effects and taking into consideration the role played by technological innovation, we use an aggregate annual panel data, on a sample composed of 32Sub-SaharanAfrica (SSA) countries, from 1990-2011 to estimate a simultaneous equation model that capture the interrelationship between agriculture productivity, technological innovation and poverty. Findings show first that agricultural productivity contributes significantly to economic growth and poverty in SSA. Second, technological innovation appears to have a positive and significant impact on poverty through its direct and indirect impact through agriculture productivity and growth.","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"131-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85173744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most commonly discussed issues in Economics is how tax rates relate to economic growth. An effective tax system ought to satisfy the twin purposes of raising maximum revenue as well as encourage production. In light of this, the paper examined the nexus between the Nigerian Tax System and economic growth using correlation method and Granger Causality to establish the relationship. The paper revealed that the tax system has no significant impact on growth because of the numerous challenges confronting the system. Further analysis of the components of the tax system shows that Custom Duties have more impact on economic growth than Company Income Tax, Value Added Tax and Petroleum Profit Tax. The paper also revealed a negative and insignificant relationship between Petroleum Profit Tax and Company Income Tax on the one hand, and between Petroleum Profit Tax and Value Added Tax on the other hand. Consequently, the paper recommended that the Nigerian tax system should be reformed so that it can have a significant impact on economic growth. Government should also embark on policies and programmes that will enhance the level of income of the citizens with a view to accelerating consumption, investment, employment, and tax revenue.
{"title":"The Nexus between Tax Structure and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Prognosis","authors":"E. Kizito","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11417","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most commonly discussed issues in Economics is how tax rates relate to economic growth. An effective tax system ought to satisfy the twin purposes of raising maximum revenue as well as encourage production. In light of this, the paper examined the nexus between the Nigerian Tax System and economic growth using correlation method and Granger Causality to establish the relationship. The paper revealed that the tax system has no significant impact on growth because of the numerous challenges confronting the system. Further analysis of the components of the tax system shows that Custom Duties have more impact on economic growth than Company Income Tax, Value Added Tax and Petroleum Profit Tax. The paper also revealed a negative and insignificant relationship between Petroleum Profit Tax and Company Income Tax on the one hand, and between Petroleum Profit Tax and Value Added Tax on the other hand. Consequently, the paper recommended that the Nigerian tax system should be reformed so that it can have a significant impact on economic growth. Government should also embark on policies and programmes that will enhance the level of income of the citizens with a view to accelerating consumption, investment, employment, and tax revenue.","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"107-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81888691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using data from 146 countries, this study empirically tests the relationship between conflict and press freedom. Holding all else constant, the results indicate that the relationship between conflict and press freedom is best described as nonlinear such that the greatest conflict is observed at an intermediate level of press freedom. It is theorized that while past research has found that greater press freedom serves to reduce conflict, governments with a tightly controlled press can also observe lower levels of conflict as these government can use their control to censored information, images, and messaging to minimize conflict and unrest.
{"title":"Conflict and the Freedom of the Press","authors":"Jayoti Das, Cassandra E. DiRienzo","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11416","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from 146 countries, this study empirically tests the relationship between conflict and press freedom. Holding all else constant, the results indicate that the relationship between conflict and press freedom is best described as nonlinear such that the greatest conflict is observed at an intermediate level of press freedom. It is theorized that while past research has found that greater press freedom serves to reduce conflict, governments with a tightly controlled press can also observe lower levels of conflict as these government can use their control to censored information, images, and messaging to minimize conflict and unrest.","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"87-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78192386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, in the new world order caused by economic globalization, technological and political changes in world economy result in changes in the competitiveness of the countries. Everyday, countries intensify their effort to gain, develop and protect their power to compete with other countries. Today, even the most developed countries are trying to strengthen their competitiveness in order to enlarge their share in the world economy. Turkey desires to increase its competitiveness in all sectors in order to raise the welfare level of its people and to speed up its economic growth. Turkey endeavors to increase its competitiveness against EU, who is one of the most important economic partners of Turkey, in all sectors. In this study, the period of 1980-2010 is used to measure the competitiveness of Turkey towards the EU countries and aims to achieve predictions for the future, and the watermark.
{"title":"Measurement of the Competitiveness of Turkey: EU Countries, 1980-2010 Period Comparison","authors":"M. Mercan","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11413","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, in the new world order caused by economic globalization, technological and political changes in world economy result in changes in the competitiveness of the countries. Everyday, countries intensify their effort to gain, develop and protect their power to compete with other countries. Today, even the most developed countries are trying to strengthen their competitiveness in order to enlarge their share in the world economy. Turkey desires to increase its competitiveness in all sectors in order to raise the welfare level of its people and to speed up its economic growth. Turkey endeavors to increase its competitiveness against EU, who is one of the most important economic partners of Turkey, in all sectors. In this study, the period of 1980-2010 is used to measure the competitiveness of Turkey towards the EU countries and aims to achieve predictions for the future, and the watermark.","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"37-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82300726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to identify, develop and compare the determinants of store personality of the most preferred consumer electronics chain stores, as perceived by young consumers in urkey. A questionnaire survey including a 22-item store personality scale was conducted among 855 students using a convenience sampling method. xploratory factor analysis ( A) and confirmatory factor analysis ( A) was performed. indings suggest that greater accuracy of information is needed in the purchasing decision related to high involvement products such as consumer electronics. Also it was found that younger consumers prefer reliable stores that give accurate information, value for money, and provides price-quality fit. This study addresses the neglected area of store personality development and validation for consumer electronics relates through an understanding of young consumers perceptions towards store personality determinants.
{"title":"Store Personality: Perceptions towards Consumer Electronics Chain Stores in Turkey A Case of University Students","authors":"Keti Ventura, Ipek Kazancoglu, Elif Ustundagli, Rezan Tatlidil","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11322","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to identify, develop and compare the determinants \u0000of store personality of the most preferred consumer electronics \u0000chain stores, as perceived by young consumers in urkey. A questionnaire \u0000survey including a 22-item store personality scale was conducted \u0000among 855 students using a convenience sampling method. xploratory \u0000factor analysis ( A) and confirmatory factor analysis ( A) \u0000was performed. indings suggest that greater accuracy of information is \u0000needed in the purchasing decision related to high involvement products \u0000such as consumer electronics. Also it was found that younger consumers \u0000prefer reliable stores that give accurate information, value for money, \u0000and provides price-quality fit. This study addresses the neglected area \u0000of store personality development and validation for consumer electronics \u0000relates through an understanding of young consumers perceptions \u0000towards store personality determinants.","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"15-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77904702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In economics literature the relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit is known as twin deficit hypothesis. The Keynesian Approach accepts a relationship between two deficits. In contrast to this, Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis defends there is no relationship between these two deficits. Twin deficit has become the subject of several studies to test which of these hypotheses are reliable but no consensus has achieved. Some studies found a relationship from budget deficit to current account deficit but some of them had the opposite result. Especially after 1980 it is known that many developed and developing countries encountered with this twin deficit problem. Also Turkey has the problem of twin deficit. Therefore, it is important to find whether there is a causality between them and the direction of this causality. In this study the relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit is examined by using Johansen Cointegration Analysis. This study is based on period 1996:Q1-2011:Q4. According to results of co-integration; variable coefficients are statistically significant and consistent with what we expected in hypotheses. CAD has a significant negative effect on BD. When there is a 1% increase in CAD, BD decreases 0,12%. This finding is consistent with economic theory because according to Keynesian Approach two deficits have relationship with each other. However, in contrast to this approach, the direction is from CAD to BD and also coefficient is negative. Keywords:Budget Deficit, Current Account Deficit, Sustainable Growth, Econometric Modeling, Turkey
{"title":"The Role Of Twin Deficit Problem In Sustainable Growth: An Econometric Analysis For Turkey","authors":"Halil Uçal, Mehmet Bolukbas","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11323","url":null,"abstract":"In economics literature the relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit is \u0000known as twin deficit hypothesis. The Keynesian Approach accepts a relationship between \u0000two deficits. In contrast to this, Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis defends there is no \u0000relationship between these two deficits. Twin deficit has become the subject of several studies \u0000to test which of these hypotheses are reliable but no consensus has achieved. Some studies \u0000found a relationship from budget deficit to current account deficit but some of them had the \u0000opposite result. Especially after 1980 it is known that many developed and developing \u0000countries encountered with this twin deficit problem. Also Turkey has the problem of twin \u0000deficit. Therefore, it is important to find whether there is a causality between them and the \u0000direction of this causality. \u0000In this study the relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit is examined \u0000by using Johansen Cointegration Analysis. This study is based on period 1996:Q1-2011:Q4. \u0000According to results of co-integration; variable coefficients are statistically significant and \u0000consistent with what we expected in hypotheses. CAD has a significant negative effect on \u0000BD. When there is a 1% increase in CAD, BD decreases 0,12%. This finding is consistent \u0000with economic theory because according to Keynesian Approach two deficits have relationship with each other. However, in contrast to this approach, the direction is from CAD \u0000to BD and also coefficient is negative. \u0000Keywords:Budget Deficit, Current Account Deficit, Sustainable Growth, Econometric \u0000Modeling, Turkey","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"170 1","pages":"39-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85454360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing popularity of Internet communication applications among adolescents, the Internet, online social sites, instant messaging and cell phones have become an important social tool for their development. For adolescents who perceive low friendship quality, Internet use for communication purposes predicted less depression, whereas Internet use for non-communication purposes predicted more depression and more social anxiety. This study examined teens’ use of social interactive technologies and the role that social anxiety plays on how adolescents communicate with others (technology or face-to-face). The questionnaire was prepared to apply in Afyonkarahisar, Manisa and Usak cities in order to measure any relationship between social anxiety and choise of communication options among adolescents. Questionnaire datas were gathered from High School adolescents (ranged from 15-18; freshman, sophomore, junior and senior) included 544. Adolescents almost don’t use messanger sites and mail address. They generally use instant message with their cell phones. They spend 1-2 hours for a day by listening music and avarage 30 minutes during the day by using Facebook. More than half of teens have cell phones that able to call, message and access to Internet. The findings of the current study found that females are using text messaging more than males. However, males are playing games for a long time than females. In addition, females are feeling more uncomfortable talking with others face-to-face than males. And, females also prefer talking with some on computer instead of talking face-to-face than males. Similarly, females prefer making new friends with someone on computer more than males. Keywords: Social Anxiety, Communication Tools, Technology, Adolescents
{"title":"Social Anxiety and Usage of Online Technological Communication Tools among Adolescents","authors":"Bilal Şişman, Sinan Yoruk, A. Eleren","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11327","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing popularity of Internet communication applications among adolescents, the \u0000Internet, online social sites, instant messaging and cell phones have become an important \u0000social tool for their development. For adolescents who perceive low friendship quality, \u0000Internet use for communication purposes predicted less depression, whereas Internet use for \u0000non-communication purposes predicted more depression and more social anxiety. This study \u0000examined teens’ use of social interactive technologies and the role that social anxiety plays \u0000on how adolescents communicate with others (technology or face-to-face). The questionnaire \u0000was prepared to apply in Afyonkarahisar, Manisa and Usak cities in order to measure any \u0000relationship between social anxiety and choise of communication options among adolescents. \u0000Questionnaire datas were gathered from High School adolescents (ranged from 15-18; \u0000freshman, sophomore, junior and senior) included 544. Adolescents almost don’t use \u0000messanger sites and mail address. They generally use instant message with their cell phones. \u0000They spend 1-2 hours for a day by listening music and avarage 30 minutes during the day by \u0000using Facebook. More than half of teens have cell phones that able to call, message and \u0000access to Internet. The findings of the current study found that females are using text \u0000messaging more than males. However, males are playing games for a long time than females. \u0000In addition, females are feeling more uncomfortable talking with others face-to-face than \u0000males. And, females also prefer talking with some on computer instead of talking face-to-face \u0000than males. Similarly, females prefer making new friends with someone on computer more \u0000than males. \u0000Keywords: Social Anxiety, Communication Tools, Technology, Adolescents","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"80 1","pages":"101-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75242467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most widely used model in multivariate analysis of survival data is proportional hazards model proposed by ox. While it is easy to get and interpret the results of the model, the basic assumption of proportional hazards model is that independent variables assumed to remain constant throughout the observation period. Model can give biased results in cases which this assumption is violated. ne of the methods used modelling the hazard ratio in the cases that the proportional hazard assumption is not met is to add a time-dependent variable showing the interaction between the predictor variable and a parametric function of time. In this study, we investigate the factors that affect the survival time of the firms and the time dependence of these factors using ox regression considering time-varying variables. The firm data comes from Business evelopment enters (IŞG M) which is a prominent business incubation center operating in urkey.
{"title":"Cox Regression Models with Time-Varying Covariates Applied to Survival Success of Young Firms 1(*)","authors":"Aygul Anavatan, Murat Karaöz","doi":"10.14706/JECOSS11324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14706/JECOSS11324","url":null,"abstract":"The most widely used model in multivariate analysis of survival \u0000data is proportional hazards model proposed by ox. While it is easy \u0000to get and interpret the results of the model, the basic assumption of \u0000proportional hazards model is that independent variables assumed \u0000to remain constant throughout the observation period. Model can \u0000give biased results in cases which this assumption is violated. ne \u0000of the methods used modelling the hazard ratio in the cases that the \u0000proportional hazard assumption is not met is to add a time-dependent \u0000variable showing the interaction between the predictor variable and \u0000a parametric function of time. In this study, we investigate the factors \u0000that affect the survival time of the firms and the time dependence of \u0000these factors using ox regression considering time-varying variables. \u0000The firm data comes from Business evelopment enters (IŞG M) \u0000which is a prominent business incubation center operating in urkey.","PeriodicalId":52427,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies","volume":"251 5","pages":"53-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72448690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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