Information Display最新文献

AS PETER KELLER INTRODUCED IN THE JUNE 1997 ISSUE OF Information Display, “In 1897, Karl Ferdinand Braun invented a device that changed the world.”¹ That 1997 issue commemorated the 100th anniversary of the invention of the cathode-ray tube (CRT). Those of you who have entered our industry within the last 20 years have probably only had a passing exposure to what was once the greatest electronic display technology of our time. But for many of us, the CRT and all the electronics to support it were the big leagues of display engineering.

The idea for the CRT came from experiments that showed the luminescence of gases in the imperfect vacuums of early experimental tube devices, or the fluorescence of their glass walls indicated the presence of the mysterious “cathode ray,” which was energy from a beam of electronics moving from a cathode at one end to a positively charged anode at the other end. Soon scientists found that those beams could be deflected by magnetic fields, carried energy, and could cause a surface coated with phosphors to glow when they came in contact.

Braun disclosed his CRT design in 1897. His innovation, known as the “Braun Tube,” included implementing a phosphor surface on the face of the tube made from a transparent sheet of mica (Fig. 1). The electron beam struck the phosphor and produced a visible spot. An electromagnetic coil next to the neck of the tube produced a vertical deflection of the beam. The measured voltage was applied to the coil and resulted in a green line of ∼25 mm in length on the screen. A rotating mirror in front of the screen—as used with mechanical oscillographs of the time—provided scanning in the horizontal axis to allow the waveshape to be observed. From this, a version of the modern oscilloscope display was born (although the actual term oscilloscope reportedly was not introduced until a paper published in 1927). Later experiments added a second deflecting coil at a right angle to the first, allowing the beam to be moved anywhere on the face of the tube.

Additional innovations in the CRT included the discovery of the oxide-coated hot cathode, which allowed for a much more efficient source of free electrons for the beam and greatly reduced the total anode voltage required. The design of the modern electron gun with focusing elements had the ability to modulate the beam's energy dynamically during scanning. With these features, the modern monochrome television tube was born, and the systems to produce television images progressed rapidly from the 1920s to 1930s.

By the late 1930s, commercial CRTs by RCA, Cossor, DuMont, Telefunken, and others were commercially available and were being employed in limited quantities for oscillographic and television applications (Fig. 2). The stage was set for the rapid growth and refinement that was to come as the CRT was drafted for military electronics and radar applications during World Wa

SENIOR MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION Display (SID) are those individuals who are recognized to have made significant technical contributions to the advancement of displays and who have demonstrated active participation in the display community and in SID.

The members also should have at least seven years as a “practicing professional” in information display and meet at least one of the following requirements:

Congratulations to the 2024 candidates:

Karlheinz Blankenbach

Christopher Bower

John Brewer

Patrick Candry

Weiran Cao

Chung Chia Chen

Jacob (Minhyuk) Choi

Yajie Dong

Zhibing Ge

Bruce Gnade

Sihui He

Dirk Hertel

David Hoffman

Edzer Huitema

Chiwoo Kim

Hitoshi Kuma

Timo Kunkel

Youngshin Kwak

Koichi Miyachi

Sudip Mukhopadhyay

James Murphy

Takashi Nakamura

Hyoungsik Nam

Ryutaro Oke

John Penczek

Bob Raikes

Radu Reit

Harlan Rogers

Dave Schnuelle

Paul Semenza

Hongjae Shin

Zhiming Zhuang

Those interested in becoming a Senior Member should visit https://www.sid.org/Awards/Individual-Honors-and-Awards/Presidential-Citation-Senior-Grade and submit an application along with a reference.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA'S (UCF) CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN Optics and Lasers (CREOL) program has come a long way since its first incarnation in a double-wide trailer in 1987. The center became a college in its own right in 2004, still under the auspices of UCF, and it has attracted some of the best and brightest minds in optics and photonics.

In 2023, UCF was named one of the world's top 25 universities for optics, recognizing the CREOL program specifically for excellence in research. The CREOL program has uncovered many previously unknown properties of the materials used in optical and display devices. Its researchers have gone on to invent and implement many practical applications within the visual display industry, from head-up displays in cars to ultrahigh-resolution screens used in virtual reality (VR) headsets, to more traditional consumer and commercial LCD panels and projection systems.

CREOL offers an interdisciplinary undergraduate program as well as graduate programs that lead to MS or PhD degrees in optics and photonics. Optics usually refers to light propagation in a medium, such as air, water, lenses, prisms, or mirrors. As a result of this propagation, the light could be scattered, absorbed, focused, refracted, or reflected. Some familiar natural optical phenomena include rainbows and the color of the sky as light reflects and refracts through our atmosphere. In scientific terms, a common research area in optics is the “nonlinear effect,” where the intensity of transmitted light does not correspond precisely to measured light in a system.

Photonics, also known as optoelectronics, usually refers to light generation, propagation, and detection. Some common examples of light generation include light bulbs, LED elements, and lasers. Different forms of generated light could propagate in vacuum for space communications, in fibers for long-haul data communications, in an assembly of lenses and mirrors for a projection system, or in a light guide plate for display applications. The science and study of photonics normally involves equipment such as detectors, power meters, and image sensors. Although optics and photonics both deal with light and its properties, the areas of focus can be quite different, depending on whether the component is passive or active.

CREOL currently has approximately 35 faculty members, 30 postdocs, 100 graduate students, and 100 undergraduate students. Its research can be roughly grouped into five clusters: lasers; nonlinear and quantum optics; fiber optics; optoelectronics and integrated photonics; and imaging, sensing, and displays. All students are encouraged to participate in research. Some undergraduate students stay to continue their advanced degree at CREOL (Fig. 1).

As with many institutions, funding is an important pillar of CREOL's continued success. The college's annual operating budget is ∼$20–$25 million, with funding received from a diverse blend o