In the late 1960s, a young physicist was sailing along the coast of California towards Berkeley, where he got a post-doc position in astronomy. But his real goal was not astronomy, at least not immediately. First, John Clauser eagerly wanted to test some predictions of quantum theory that were at odds with a then recent and mostly ignored result by an Irish physicist John Stewart Bell, working at the celebrated CERN near Geneva.
{"title":"Quantum non-locality: from denigration to the nobel prize, via quantum cryptography","authors":"N. Gisin","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023103","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1960s, a young physicist was sailing along the coast of California towards Berkeley, where he got a post-doc position in astronomy. But his real goal was not astronomy, at least not immediately. First, John Clauser eagerly wanted to test some predictions of quantum theory that were at odds with a then recent and mostly ignored result by an Irish physicist John Stewart Bell, working at the celebrated CERN near Geneva.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73280736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2007, Michael Longo published a startling result: he appeared to have found a fundamental handedness to the large-scale structure of the Universe, in an asymmetry between clockwise and anticlockwise spiral galaxies. His sample of 22 thousand galaxies had been examined partly by eye and partly algorithmically, and so the challenge was laid down to the community to verify or refute this result.
{"title":"Citizen Science in the European Open Science Cloud","authors":"S. Serjeant","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023204","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007, Michael Longo published a startling result: he appeared to have found a fundamental handedness to the large-scale structure of the Universe, in an asymmetry between clockwise and anticlockwise spiral galaxies. His sample of 22 thousand galaxies had been examined partly by eye and partly algorithmically, and so the challenge was laid down to the community to verify or refute this result.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78737434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rise of global energy demand and the effects of climate change make efficient energy generation one of the main global challenges. Thermomagnetic energy harvesting is a process that allows the genaration of electrical power in the presence of small temperature gradients near room temperature. Ongoing advances rely on improving materials and devices, in hopes of reaching widespread use of this technology, hence reducing our carbon footprint. In this work, the main concepts behind thermomagnetic energy harvesting will be described, focusing on ongoing challenges and recent reports of new approaches and device designs for this promising technology.
{"title":"Near room-temperature thermomagnetic energy harvesting","authors":"J. Belo, J. Amaral, J. Ventura","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023302","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of global energy demand and the effects of climate change make efficient energy generation one of the main global challenges. Thermomagnetic energy harvesting is a process that allows the genaration of electrical power in the presence of small temperature gradients near room temperature. Ongoing advances rely on improving materials and devices, in hopes of reaching widespread use of this technology, hence reducing our carbon footprint. In this work, the main concepts behind thermomagnetic energy harvesting will be described, focusing on ongoing challenges and recent reports of new approaches and device designs for this promising technology.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80183539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum nonlocality, generated by strong correlations between entangled systems, defies the classical view of nature based on standard causal reasoning plus physical assumptions. The new frontier of the research on entanglement is to explore quantum correlations in complex networks, involving several parties and generating new striking quantum effects. We present recent advances on the realization of photonic quantum networks.
{"title":"Entanglement, causality and quantum networks","authors":"E. Polino, F. Sciarrino","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023105","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum nonlocality, generated by strong correlations between entangled systems, defies the classical view of nature based on standard causal reasoning plus physical assumptions. The new frontier of the research on entanglement is to explore quantum correlations in complex networks, involving several parties and generating new striking quantum effects. We present recent advances on the realization of photonic quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87052034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic materials offer attractive applications in biomedicine with a variety of applications from sensors to diagnosis and treatment. Special attention deserves the nanofeature elements as the nanostructured surfaces or the nanoparticles that have been proposed as alternatives for drug delivery vectors, bactericide treatments, lab-on-a-chip sensors, hyperthermiabased cancer therapy, magnetic bio-separation or emerging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents.
{"title":"Local characterisation of biomagnetic materials","authors":"Agustina Asenjo","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023402","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic materials offer attractive applications in biomedicine with a variety of applications from sensors to diagnosis and treatment. Special attention deserves the nanofeature elements as the nanostructured surfaces or the nanoparticles that have been proposed as alternatives for drug delivery vectors, bactericide treatments, lab-on-a-chip sensors, hyperthermiabased cancer therapy, magnetic bio-separation or emerging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135556195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of space proven technologies, fundamental research in microgravity and preparation of future space missions all benefit from next generation drop tower facilities like the Einstein-Elevator. The facility is being made available within a DFG core facility center in Hannover.
{"title":"The Einstein Elevator","authors":"C. Lotz, B. Piest, E. Rasel, Ludger Overmeyer","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023201","url":null,"abstract":"Development of space proven technologies, fundamental research in microgravity and preparation of future space missions all benefit from next generation drop tower facilities like the Einstein-Elevator. The facility is being made available within a DFG core facility center in Hannover.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79382243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lake-source thermal district networks can save energy and emission for heating and cooling buildings. However, where and to what degree such systems could be an effective solution is unclear. We simulated that covering 17% of the cooling demand and 7% of the combined heating and cooling demand near European lakes is economically feasible and does not cause severe lake water temperature alterations in most cases.
{"title":"Heating and cooling European buildings with lakes?","authors":"S. Eggimann, J. Vivian, M. Fiorentini","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023301","url":null,"abstract":"Lake-source thermal district networks can save energy and emission for heating and cooling buildings. However, where and to what degree such systems could be an effective solution is unclear. We simulated that covering 17% of the cooling demand and 7% of the combined heating and cooling demand near European lakes is economically feasible and does not cause severe lake water temperature alterations in most cases.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86789826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mercier, M. Poulain-Zarcos, Y. Ourmières, J. Ghiglione, A. ter Halle
The balance between the leakage and abundance of plastic in the world’s oceans remains a current topic of debate [1], which renders difficult the understanding of the cycle of plastic on Earth [2]. We discuss recent findings and their implications on the missing plastic waste paradigm.
{"title":"Plastic litter in the oceans. Most of it has gone missing, but it might just be transformed… or transported","authors":"M. Mercier, M. Poulain-Zarcos, Y. Ourmières, J. Ghiglione, A. ter Halle","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023303","url":null,"abstract":"The balance between the leakage and abundance of plastic in the world’s oceans remains a current topic of debate [1], which renders difficult the understanding of the cycle of plastic on Earth [2]. We discuss recent findings and their implications on the missing plastic waste paradigm.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"391 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85105597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Adelmann, A. Jenkins, P. Pirro, K. Schultheiss, S. van Dijken, V. Kruglyak, P. Bortolotti
Conventional electronics use the flow of electric charges and are based on standard semiconductors. Spintronic devices exploit the electrons’ spin to generate and control currents and to combine electric and magnetic signals. Today there is a strong effort worldwide to integrate spintronic devices with standard CMOS technology towards hybrid spin-CMOS chips, offering advantages in terms of power consumption, compactness, and speed. Recent results (from SAMSUNG [1], TSMC [2], etc.) confirm the merit of this approach.
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges for spintronics","authors":"C. Adelmann, A. Jenkins, P. Pirro, K. Schultheiss, S. van Dijken, V. Kruglyak, P. Bortolotti","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023404","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional electronics use the flow of electric charges and are based on standard semiconductors. Spintronic devices exploit the electrons’ spin to generate and control currents and to combine electric and magnetic signals. Today there is a strong effort worldwide to integrate spintronic devices with standard CMOS technology towards hybrid spin-CMOS chips, offering advantages in terms of power consumption, compactness, and speed. Recent results (from SAMSUNG [1], TSMC [2], etc.) confirm the merit of this approach.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135556203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vast amount of data in astronomy archives presents an opportunity for new discoveries. Deep learning combined with crowdsourcing provides an efficient way to explore this data using the intuition of the human brain and the processing power of machines.
{"title":"Citizen Science with ESA Science Data - The Hubble Asteroid Hunter project","authors":"S. Kruk, B. Merín","doi":"10.1051/epn/2023206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2023206","url":null,"abstract":"The vast amount of data in astronomy archives presents an opportunity for new discoveries. Deep learning combined with crowdsourcing provides an efficient way to explore this data using the intuition of the human brain and the processing power of machines.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90063915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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