S. Atzeni, D. Batani, C. Danson, L. Gizzi, S. Le Pape, J. Miquel, M. Perlado, R. Scott, M. Tatarakis, V. Tikhonchuk, L. Volpe
In August 2021, at the National Ignition Facility of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the USA, a 1.35 MJ fusion yield was obtained. It is a demonstration of the validity of the Inertial Confinement Fusion approach to achieve energy-efficient thermonuclear fusion in the laboratory. It is a historical milestone that the scientific community has achieved after decades of efforts.
{"title":"Breakthrough at the NIF paves the way to inertial fusion energy","authors":"S. Atzeni, D. Batani, C. Danson, L. Gizzi, S. Le Pape, J. Miquel, M. Perlado, R. Scott, M. Tatarakis, V. Tikhonchuk, L. Volpe","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022106","url":null,"abstract":"In August 2021, at the National Ignition Facility of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the USA, a 1.35 MJ fusion yield was obtained. It is a demonstration of the validity of the Inertial Confinement Fusion approach to achieve energy-efficient thermonuclear fusion in the laboratory. It is a historical milestone that the scientific community has achieved after decades of efforts.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76767829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Living” matter distinguishes itself from “ordinary” matter by its capacity to grow, to reproduce or to multiply, and most of all by its autonomous functional activity, baptised “intelligence”, to sense its environment to adapt or to survive. This last feature truly is one of the miracles of life. Find out more in Chapter 3 of the EPS Grand Challenges.
{"title":"Physics for understanding life","authors":"F. Ritort, B. V. van Tiggelen","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022508","url":null,"abstract":"“Living” matter distinguishes itself from “ordinary” matter by its capacity to grow, to reproduce or to multiply, and most of all by its autonomous functional activity, baptised “intelligence”, to sense its environment to adapt or to survive. This last feature truly is one of the miracles of life. Find out more in Chapter 3 of the EPS Grand Challenges.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84625759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.M. Sadowska, N. Skoro, R. Laurita, S. Bekeschus, A. Przekora-Kuśmierz, A. Lin, S. Laurencin, S. Sério, S. Cousty, C. Canal
The research has demonstrated the antimicrobial properties of plasma urging the incorporation of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) decontamination in current clinical therapies with the aim to improve the benefits on the patients and on society.
{"title":"Plasma medicine: The great prospects when physics meets medicine","authors":"J.M. Sadowska, N. Skoro, R. Laurita, S. Bekeschus, A. Przekora-Kuśmierz, A. Lin, S. Laurencin, S. Sério, S. Cousty, C. Canal","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022303","url":null,"abstract":"The research has demonstrated the antimicrobial properties of plasma urging the incorporation of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) decontamination in current clinical therapies with the aim to improve the benefits on the patients and on society.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80667508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The absolute mass scale of the neutrino is one of the most fundamental open questions in contemporary particle physics, with implications from particle theory to cosmology. Through precision measurements of beta-decay kinematics, the KATRIN experiment probes the neutrino mass with unprecedented sensitivity.
{"title":"Probing the neutrino mass scale with the KATRIN experiment","authors":"D. Parno, K. Valerius","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022107","url":null,"abstract":"The absolute mass scale of the neutrino is one of the most fundamental open questions in contemporary particle physics, with implications from particle theory to cosmology. Through precision measurements of beta-decay kinematics, the KATRIN experiment probes the neutrino mass with unprecedented sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80186820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the horizon 2050, our physics textbooks will have to be rewritten. The contributions in the first chapter of the EPS Grand Challenges explain why. Will all or many of the open questions be answered at the horizon 2050? There is justified hope, supported by a plethora of theoretical developments and experimental facilities on Earth and in space. Will new questions arise? You bet.
{"title":"Physics bridging the infinities","authors":"M. Sakellariadou, C. Wulz","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022502","url":null,"abstract":"At the horizon 2050, our physics textbooks will have to be rewritten. The contributions in the first chapter of the EPS Grand Challenges explain why. Will all or many of the open questions be answered at the horizon 2050? There is justified hope, supported by a plethora of theoretical developments and experimental facilities on Earth and in space. Will new questions arise? You bet.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90867179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glass as a material was already known in ancient Egypt. Now its use for windows, bottles, etc. is very common; thus, it may sound surprising that the glassy state of matter and the transition from an undercooled melt to this state are grand challenge problems of physics. This article describes the basic concepts; then it points out how the discovery of “spin glasses” and the theory by Giorgio Parisi has given a new boost to the interest in these problems. The status of a theory of the glass transition will be critically discussed.
{"title":"The glass transition: How do complex craggy free energy landscapes emerge?","authors":"K. Binder","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022104","url":null,"abstract":"Glass as a material was already known in ancient Egypt. Now its use for windows, bottles, etc. is very common; thus, it may sound surprising that the glassy state of matter and the transition from an undercooled melt to this state are grand challenge problems of physics. This article describes the basic concepts; then it points out how the discovery of “spin glasses” and the theory by Giorgio Parisi has given a new boost to the interest in these problems. The status of a theory of the glass transition will be critically discussed.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82332169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent advent of cutting-edge experimental techniques allows for a precise synthesis of monodisperse subnanometric metal clusters composed by just a few atoms, and opens new possibilities for subnanometer science. The decoration of titanium dioxide surfaces with Ag5 atomic clusters has enabled the stabilization of surface polarons and provided new quantum-chemical insights into an electron polarization phenomenon revealed by their formation.
{"title":"A subnanometric material reveals new quantum-chemical insights into surface polarons","authors":"M. P. de Lara-Castells, S. Miret-Artés","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022401","url":null,"abstract":"The recent advent of cutting-edge experimental techniques allows for a precise synthesis of monodisperse subnanometric metal clusters composed by just a few atoms, and opens new possibilities for subnanometer science. The decoration of titanium dioxide surfaces with Ag5 atomic clusters has enabled the stabilization of surface polarons and provided new quantum-chemical insights into an electron polarization phenomenon revealed by their formation.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89625706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The European X-ray Free Electron Laser: a tool for fundamental research and a wide range of applications","authors":"E. Scapparone","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82223721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN makes use of superconductivity and superfluid helium cryogenics on an unprecedented scale. We review the application of these technologies to the particle collider and explain how they contribute to its unique performance.
{"title":"Quantum fluids at work: Superconductivity and superfluid helium at the large hadron collider","authors":"P. Lebrun, L. Tavian","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022108","url":null,"abstract":"The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN makes use of superconductivity and superfluid helium cryogenics on an unprecedented scale. We review the application of these technologies to the particle collider and explain how they contribute to its unique performance.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88906709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The war in Ukraine is still going on. The number of victims is increasing every day. Many research centers are destroyed, researchers are displaced, and the conditions and nature of work in almost all regions of Ukraine have undergone significant changes. Is it time to talk about the future of physics in Ukraine under such conditions now? It is our deep conviction that it is necessary.
{"title":"The war in Ukraine: Does physics have a future?","authors":"Y. Holovatch, A. Kordyuk, I. Mryglod","doi":"10.1051/epn/2022404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022404","url":null,"abstract":"The war in Ukraine is still going on. The number of victims is increasing every day. Many research centers are destroyed, researchers are displaced, and the conditions and nature of work in almost all regions of Ukraine have undergone significant changes. Is it time to talk about the future of physics in Ukraine under such conditions now? It is our deep conviction that it is necessary.","PeriodicalId":52467,"journal":{"name":"Europhysics News","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79571295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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