Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.09
G. Mélypataki
The changes of the labour market have strong characteristics compared to the earlier eras. These changes are primarily the changes happening due to the process of digitalization coming to the foreground which will significantly transform the structure of the labour market2. The time shift between the terminating workplaces and the new ones resulting from the application of new technologies and the retraining of the employees will result in an intermediate time interval. The maximal use of this time interval will be typical mainly for the low-educated manpower. However, based on the principle of national social care, these people cannot be left without provision. This problem has become really urgent because of the COVID-19 epidemic reaching Europe on the spring of 2020. More countries have introduced basic income or a similar kind of social benefit. The reason for this step is the significant employment crisis which is the consequence of the lock-down that has been applied in certain countries in order to stop the spread of the virus. But basic income is only one element of the system, so the issue should be examined in terms of minimum wage and minimum income.
{"title":"How can we solve the social crisis after COVID-19 and before robotization of workplace in the EU and national level – basic income or general minimum wage?","authors":"G. Mélypataki","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.09","url":null,"abstract":"The changes of the labour market have strong characteristics compared to the earlier eras. These changes are primarily the changes happening due to the process of digitalization coming to the foreground which will significantly transform the structure of the labour market2. The time shift between the terminating workplaces and the new ones resulting from the application of new technologies and the retraining of the employees will result in an intermediate time interval. The maximal use of this time interval will be typical mainly for the low-educated manpower. However, based on the principle of national social care, these people cannot be left without provision. This problem has become really urgent because of the COVID-19 epidemic reaching Europe on the spring of 2020. More countries have introduced basic income or a similar kind of social benefit. The reason for this step is the significant employment crisis which is the consequence of the lock-down that has been applied in certain countries in order to stop the spread of the virus. But basic income is only one element of the system, so the issue should be examined in terms of minimum wage and minimum income.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75604525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.01
Patrycja Pokutycka
Artykuł dotyczy tematu pracy zdalnej. W związku z pandemią wirusa COVID- 19 mamy do czynienia z zastosowaniem pracy zdalnej na dużą skalę, co nasiliło postulaty dotyczące wprowadzenia jej na stałe do polskiego porządku prawa. Artykuł zawiera porównanie pracy zdalnej do kodeksowej telepracy. Ponadto, zwraca uwagę na to jak przepisy dotyczące pracy zdalnej powinny wyglądać w przyszłości. Uregulowanie pracy zdalnej w Kodeksie pracy wymagałoby szczegółowego przeanalizowania przyczyn jej wprowadzenia oraz interesów pracodawców i pracowników.
{"title":"Praca zdalna jako nowa instytucja prawa pracy","authors":"Patrycja Pokutycka","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.01","url":null,"abstract":"Artykuł dotyczy tematu pracy zdalnej. W związku z pandemią wirusa COVID- 19 mamy do czynienia z zastosowaniem pracy zdalnej na dużą skalę, co nasiliło postulaty dotyczące wprowadzenia jej na stałe do polskiego porządku prawa. Artykuł zawiera porównanie pracy zdalnej do kodeksowej telepracy. Ponadto, zwraca uwagę na to jak przepisy dotyczące pracy zdalnej powinny wyglądać w przyszłości. Uregulowanie pracy zdalnej w Kodeksie pracy wymagałoby szczegółowego przeanalizowania przyczyn jej wprowadzenia oraz interesów pracodawców i pracowników.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.07
Livio Rubino
The article addresses the provision of reasonable accommodation within the context of the European Union, in particular within EU labour law. Specifically, the provision of reasonable accommodation is enshrined within the framework provided by non-discrimination law. Furthermore, the article introduces the concept of vulnerability which represents a new and pioneering category especially in legal studies. The research question wonders whether it would be feasible to expand the provision on reasonable accommodation beyond the ground of disability considering vulnerability as an encompassing category to be used in order to evaluate whether a reasonable accommodation can be required or not. To this aim, it has to be noted that disability is the only ground based on which a reasonable accommodation can be provided under the EU law.
{"title":"Reasonable accommodation beyond disability and the concept of vulnerability in Europe","authors":"Livio Rubino","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.07","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the provision of reasonable accommodation within the context of the European Union, in particular within EU labour law. Specifically, the provision of reasonable accommodation is enshrined within the framework provided by non-discrimination law. Furthermore, the article introduces the concept of vulnerability which represents a new and pioneering category especially in legal studies. The research question wonders whether it would be feasible to expand the provision on reasonable accommodation beyond the ground of disability considering vulnerability as an encompassing category to be used in order to evaluate whether a reasonable accommodation can be required or not. To this aim, it has to be noted that disability is the only ground based on which a reasonable accommodation can be provided under the EU law.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82090142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.05
G. B. Yildiz
For over a decade, Turkey has been facing mass influx of Syrian citizens – besides Afghans, Iraqis, and Iranians – who are seeking international protection. This humanitarian problem has many different aspects, e.g., providing housing, employment, health services, and education. The general rule regarding the accommodation of refugees and asylum seekers is temporary accommodation centres. But this cannot be realised in the Syrian migrants’ case due to their massive numbers. Turkey is hosting 3,6 million Syrians under the temporary protection status. This international protection type does not give them the right to work per se. Like other foreigners who want to work in Turkey, Syrians have to apply for a work permit. In practice, many of the Syrians work informally, which causes major infringements of fundamental rights. Besides the legal aspect, this problem has to be handled by the cooperation of different fields of social sciences, especially by sociology and public policy. The implementation of legal instruments will not solve the social problems unless the integration of the migrants to the host community is realised with appropriate public incentives. This paper examines the national legislation concerning migrant workers. Following this examination, the author analyses the actual situation deriving from practice, based on prior research and reports of national and international organizations.
{"title":"Legal and social aspects of migrant employment in Turkey","authors":"G. B. Yildiz","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.05","url":null,"abstract":"For over a decade, Turkey has been facing mass influx of Syrian citizens – besides Afghans, Iraqis, and Iranians – who are seeking international protection. This humanitarian problem has many different aspects, e.g., providing housing, employment, health services, and education. The general rule regarding the accommodation of refugees and asylum seekers is temporary accommodation centres. But this cannot be realised in the Syrian migrants’ case due to their massive numbers. Turkey is hosting 3,6 million Syrians under the temporary protection status. This international protection type does not give them the right to work per se. Like other foreigners who want to work in Turkey, Syrians have to apply for a work permit. In practice, many of the Syrians work informally, which causes major infringements of fundamental rights. Besides the legal aspect, this problem has to be handled by the cooperation of different fields of social sciences, especially by sociology and public policy. The implementation of legal instruments will not solve the social problems unless the integration of the migrants to the host community is realised with appropriate public incentives. This paper examines the national legislation concerning migrant workers. Following this examination, the author analyses the actual situation deriving from practice, based on prior research and reports of national and international organizations.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87248772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.02
Jakub Maciej Retyk
Pandemia koronawirusa stała się bezprecedensową sytuacją globalnego upowszechnienia pracy zdalnej. Dotychczasowe przepisy dotyczące telepracy, w szczególności unormowania definicyjne, okazały się nieadekwatne do realiów rynku pracy. Wraz z rozpoczęciem prac legislacyjnych we wrześniu 2020 r., ustawodawca stanął przed dylematem, czy obecne przepisy mają obowiązywać tylko w czasie pandemii, czy także po niej. Definicja pracy zdalnej zawarta w nowym art. 675 odgrywa w tej materii rolę fundamentalną, od której zależy nie tylko przyszłość rynku pracy, ale też rewolucja w obrębie samej ontologii pracy.
{"title":"Wpływ definicji pracy zdalnej na rynek pracy w Polsce","authors":"Jakub Maciej Retyk","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.02","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemia koronawirusa stała się bezprecedensową sytuacją globalnego upowszechnienia pracy zdalnej. Dotychczasowe przepisy dotyczące telepracy, w szczególności unormowania definicyjne, okazały się nieadekwatne do realiów rynku pracy. Wraz z rozpoczęciem prac legislacyjnych we wrześniu 2020 r., ustawodawca stanął przed dylematem, czy obecne przepisy mają obowiązywać tylko w czasie pandemii, czy także po niej. Definicja pracy zdalnej zawarta w nowym art. 675 odgrywa w tej materii rolę fundamentalną, od której zależy nie tylko przyszłość rynku pracy, ale też rewolucja w obrębie samej ontologii pracy.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74882149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.4467/25444654spp.22.003.15371
A. Musiała
In search of legal construction for a workplace as a community. Arkadiusz Sobczyk’s idea of treating a workplace as a public administration entity A workplace, for the sole fact of being a public administration entity, would be realising a public interest. This allegation of legality of activity, and so of realising the rule of law, would also affect different application and practice of labour law. To be brief, labour law would receive a real chance of becoming “socially just”. And this would be achieved through the authority of the state, whose structural element would be a workplace.
{"title":"W poszukiwaniu prawnej konstrukcji dla zakładu pracy jako wspólnoty ludzi. Koncepcja Arkadiusza Sobczyka traktowania zakładu pracy jako zakładu administracyjnego","authors":"A. Musiała","doi":"10.4467/25444654spp.22.003.15371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.22.003.15371","url":null,"abstract":"In search of legal construction for a workplace as a community. Arkadiusz Sobczyk’s idea of treating a workplace as a public administration entity\u0000\u0000A workplace, for the sole fact of being a public administration entity, would be realising a public interest. This allegation of legality of activity, and so of realising the rule of law, would also affect different application and practice of labour law. To be brief, labour law would receive a real chance of becoming “socially just”. And this would be achieved through the authority of the state, whose structural element would be a workplace.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.04
Karolina Sołtys
Celem artykułu jest próba postawienia diagnozy przyszłych zagrożeń w zakresie prowadzenia sporów zbiorowych. Szczegółowej analizie zostały poddane trzy zagadnienia: monopolu związków zawodowych na organizację strajków na tle niskiego poziomu przynależności pracowników do związków zawodowych; bierności pracodawcy wobec równoczesnego organizowania w jego zakładzie pracy wielu strajków; problematyki prawa do lokautu. W obliczu przedstawionych zagrożeń konieczna jest debata nad przyjęciem w polskim prawie pracy wyjątków od monopolu na organizowanie strajków przez związki zawodowe lub liberalizacją przepisów dotyczących reprezentacji pracowników. Natomiast w kontekście ochrony pracodawcy warto zwrócić szczególną uwagę na prawo do lokautu retorsyjnego.
{"title":"Przyszłość sporów zbiorowych w kontekście prawa do podejmowania działań zbiorowych","authors":"Karolina Sołtys","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.04","url":null,"abstract":"Celem artykułu jest próba postawienia diagnozy przyszłych zagrożeń w zakresie prowadzenia sporów zbiorowych. Szczegółowej analizie zostały poddane trzy zagadnienia: monopolu związków zawodowych na organizację strajków na tle niskiego poziomu przynależności pracowników do związków zawodowych; bierności pracodawcy wobec równoczesnego organizowania w jego zakładzie pracy wielu strajków; problematyki prawa do lokautu. W obliczu przedstawionych zagrożeń konieczna jest debata nad przyjęciem w polskim prawie pracy wyjątków od monopolu na organizowanie strajków przez związki zawodowe lub liberalizacją przepisów dotyczących reprezentacji pracowników. Natomiast w kontekście ochrony pracodawcy warto zwrócić szczególną uwagę na prawo do lokautu retorsyjnego.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81703839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.4467/25444654spp.22.006.15374
Monika Latos-Miłkowska, Aleksandra Gurynow-Pulkowska
Protection of employees claims in case of consumer bankruptcy The article presents the issues of protection of employee claims in the event of bankruptcy of a natural person not conducting business activity (the so-called consumer bankruptcy). The issues raised are analysed both under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Law and the Act on the Protection of Employee Claims in the Event of Employer Insolvency.
{"title":"Ochrona roszczeń pracowniczych w razie upadłości konsumenckiej","authors":"Monika Latos-Miłkowska, Aleksandra Gurynow-Pulkowska","doi":"10.4467/25444654spp.22.006.15374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.22.006.15374","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of employees claims in case of consumer bankruptcy\u0000\u0000The article presents the issues of protection of employee claims in the event of bankruptcy of a natural person not conducting business activity (the so-called consumer bankruptcy). The issues raised are analysed both under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Law and the Act on the Protection of Employee Claims in the Event of Employer Insolvency.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71001176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.4467/25444654spp.22.005.15373
Katarzyna Jaworska
This paper addresses the employee’s right to disconnect, which means refraining from professional activity after working hours in the form of answering phones, checking e-mail, or replying to instant messaging. This right directly correlates with the employee’s right to rest and with the employer’s obligation to provide the employee with safe and hygienic working conditions. The issue of exercising this right had already been a difficult one, but it was the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that intensified and accelerated certain processes related to employee’s rest and the disruption of work-life balance. Nowadays, the right to disconnect can be inferred from the employee’s right to rest. However, this requires goodwill on the part of both the employer and social partners. Finally, the author discusses the legal consequences of violating the employee’s right to disconnect, the measures that the employer needs to take before legislative changes are made, and where such changes ought to be introduced.
{"title":"The Right to Disconnect","authors":"Katarzyna Jaworska","doi":"10.4467/25444654spp.22.005.15373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.22.005.15373","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the employee’s right to disconnect, which means refraining from professional activity after working hours in the form of answering phones, checking e-mail, or replying to instant messaging. This right directly correlates with the employee’s right to rest and with the employer’s obligation to provide the employee with safe and hygienic working conditions. The issue of exercising this right had already been a difficult one, but it was the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that intensified and accelerated certain processes related to employee’s rest and the disruption of work-life balance. Nowadays, the right to disconnect can be inferred from the employee’s right to rest. However, this requires goodwill on the part of both the employer and social partners. Finally, the author discusses the legal consequences of violating the employee’s right to disconnect, the measures that the employer needs to take before legislative changes are made, and where such changes ought to be introduced.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71000998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.4467/25444654spp.22.007.15375
Łucja Kobroń-Gąsiorowska
In Poland, reporting of irregularities by employees has been largely ignored. This topic is not part of the professional-ethical or normative discourse. External disclosure involves reporting the irregularity to an external entity that can react or take follow-up action. The issue of external reporting is a highly controversial problem of labor law in Poland, which is limited by the primary obligation of an employee specified in the Labor Code in Art. 100 § 2 points 4. Under such conditions, employees who report irregularities to repair the organization are treated as persons violating their loyalty to the employer, even though they demonstrated the will to rectify the offense and the accompanying readiness to act. An attempt to go beyond this dilemma is to be the new Directive of the European Union on the protection of whistleblowers and the presented draft Polish act on the protection of whistleblowers submitted on October 18, 2021. The transposition of the Directive provisions turned out to be a failure on December 17, 2021. For employees who decide to report irregularities externally, reporting irregularities is a complex dilemma that may break the ties of trust and dismissal by employer-relevant regulations. The Polish Labor Code requires the conceptualization of the rationality of notifications, despite the lack of appropriate regulations in this regard.
{"title":"Effects of external whistleblowing in Poland","authors":"Łucja Kobroń-Gąsiorowska","doi":"10.4467/25444654spp.22.007.15375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.22.007.15375","url":null,"abstract":"In Poland, reporting of irregularities by employees has been largely ignored. This topic is not part of the professional-ethical or normative discourse. External disclosure involves reporting the irregularity to an external entity that can react or take follow-up action. The issue of external reporting is a highly controversial problem of labor law in Poland, which is limited by the primary obligation of an employee specified in the Labor Code in Art. 100 § 2 points 4. Under such conditions, employees who report irregularities to repair the organization are treated as persons violating their loyalty to the employer, even though they demonstrated the will to rectify the offense and the accompanying readiness to act. An attempt to go beyond this dilemma is to be the new Directive of the European Union on the protection of whistleblowers and the presented draft Polish act on the protection of whistleblowers submitted on October 18, 2021. The transposition of the Directive provisions turned out to be a failure on December 17, 2021. For employees who decide to report irregularities externally, reporting irregularities is a complex dilemma that may break the ties of trust and dismissal by employer-relevant regulations. The Polish Labor Code requires the conceptualization of the rationality of notifications, despite the lack of appropriate regulations in this regard.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71001121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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