Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.10
Lama Allan Abusamra
Since 1945, diplomatic immunity has altered. There are many factors which inhibit immunity. Firstly, consistent Cold War retaliation existed. Second, national security in the nuclear age was prioritized. The intricacy of international politics and mission expansion influenced a change. Also, the abuse of diplomatic and non-diplomatic immunity necessitated modification. In the 1960s, when hundreds of diplomats were sued, diplomatic immunity was called into doubt. Diplomatic abuses should force a reform of the Vienna Convention. Functional needs explained immunity modifications in the 1960s. Increasing and expanding immunity categories contributed to the improvement of the theory. However, there is no abuse remedy that is universally acceptable and enforceable. Should functional necessity theory replace immunity’s cloak? The pacta sunt serva concept of the noncontroversial law of treaties could be utilized to obtain multilateral agreement on the nature, cause, and effect of the functional necessity theory. A Permanent International Diplomatic Criminal Court with mandatory jurisdiction over accused diplomats and its own punishment system has been under discussion since the late 1980s. It never occurred, yet it may have resolved the diplomat disagreement between the victim and the accused.
{"title":"Possible remedies to prevent the misuse of diplomatic immunity","authors":"Lama Allan Abusamra","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.10","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1945, diplomatic immunity has altered. There are many factors which inhibit immunity. Firstly, consistent Cold War retaliation existed. Second, national security in the nuclear age was prioritized. The intricacy of international politics and mission expansion influenced a change. Also, the abuse of diplomatic and non-diplomatic immunity necessitated modification. In the 1960s, when hundreds of diplomats were sued, diplomatic immunity was called into doubt. Diplomatic abuses should force a reform of the Vienna Convention. Functional needs explained immunity modifications in the 1960s. Increasing and expanding immunity categories contributed to the improvement of the theory. However, there is no abuse remedy that is universally acceptable and enforceable. Should functional necessity theory replace immunity’s cloak? The pacta sunt serva concept of the noncontroversial law of treaties could be utilized to obtain multilateral agreement on the nature, cause, and effect of the functional necessity theory. A Permanent International Diplomatic Criminal Court with mandatory jurisdiction over accused diplomats and its own punishment system has been under discussion since the late 1980s. It never occurred, yet it may have resolved the diplomat disagreement between the victim and the accused.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85217257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.05
Eva Kocher
Violence and harassment are present in the world of work in the most diverse forms2. The ILO Violence and Harassment Convention 20193 should therefore be of great importance for labour law practice. It was adopted on 21 June 2019, together with the non-binding Recommendation for Implementation (No. 206)4, on the occasion of the centenary of the ILO.As the Convention falls partly within the competence of the European Union, with the EU not being able to ratify the Convention itself5, the European Commission has invited the member states to ratify the Convention by the end of 20226. The German Federal Government is currently planning ratification.In the following, I give an overview of the Convention and, using German law as an example, discuss how it could be implemented in a legal system shaped by EU law.
{"title":"ILO Convention No. 190 concerning the Elimination of Violence and Harassment in the World of Work and Recommendation No. 206","authors":"Eva Kocher","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.05","url":null,"abstract":"Violence and harassment are present in the world of work in the most diverse forms2. The ILO Violence and Harassment Convention 20193 should therefore be of great importance for labour law practice. It was adopted on 21 June 2019, together with the non-binding Recommendation for Implementation (No. 206)4, on the occasion of the centenary of the ILO.As the Convention falls partly within the competence of the European Union, with the EU not being able to ratify the Convention itself5, the European Commission has invited the member states to ratify the Convention by the end of 20226. The German Federal Government is currently planning ratification.In the following, I give an overview of the Convention and, using German law as an example, discuss how it could be implemented in a legal system shaped by EU law.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83157219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.08
Barbara Surdykowska
W artykule zwrócono uwagę na ustawodawstwo w poszczególnych stanach USA, w którym zakazuje się (lub podkreśla znaczenie wyrażenia na to zgody) mikrochipowania podskórnego w relacjach pracy. W ocenie autorki problematyka stosowania mikrochipów w kontekście pracy i potencjalne reakcje ustawodawstwa mogą być dobrym papierkiem lakmusowym reakcji na następującą zmianę technologiczną. Równocześnie postępujące wykorzystywanie mikrochipów podskórnych jest bardzo wczesną fazą zjawiska cyborgizacji ciała pracownika.
{"title":"O lęku przed nadciągającym chipowaniem pracowników – uwagi na tle powstającego ustawodawstwa w USA","authors":"Barbara Surdykowska","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.08","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule zwrócono uwagę na ustawodawstwo w poszczególnych stanach USA, w którym zakazuje się (lub podkreśla znaczenie wyrażenia na to zgody) mikrochipowania podskórnego w relacjach pracy. W ocenie autorki problematyka stosowania mikrochipów w kontekście pracy i potencjalne reakcje ustawodawstwa mogą być dobrym papierkiem lakmusowym reakcji na następującą zmianę technologiczną. Równocześnie postępujące wykorzystywanie mikrochipów podskórnych jest bardzo wczesną fazą zjawiska cyborgizacji ciała pracownika.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78483021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.04
G. Mélypataki, Bernadett Solymosi-Szekeres, Laura Kovács-Berényi
The recent pandemic forced companies to switch to working from home, which was necessary to maintain health and economic efficiency. The move from physical workplaces to virtual workplaces in the digital space, however, started earlier than the pandemic. The pandemic amplified this process. In parallel, we also see that companies have had positive experiences in the process of creating virtual workplaces. The virtual workplace has serious IT-issues, which we attempt to reflect on. Some of the employees have taken to this solution: a significant part of the companies has not even returned to the classical former working processes. We have to focus also on the issues of the virtual workplace. Due to its practical popularity, it was necessary to regulate home office at the legal level, as most experts also had the opposite opinion on its essential elements. In order to close this debate, the legislator has created a new regulation concerning teleworking, which amends the rules of the Hungarian Labour Code on teleworking with effect from the end of the emergency. The purpose of this paper is to present the new legislation, with particular attention to the points at issue and the basics of its application in practice.
{"title":"On the border of the physical and the virtual workplace – Dogmatic issues of home office and telework in general and in Hungarian law","authors":"G. Mélypataki, Bernadett Solymosi-Szekeres, Laura Kovács-Berényi","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.04","url":null,"abstract":"The recent pandemic forced companies to switch to working from home, which was necessary to maintain health and economic efficiency. The move from physical workplaces to virtual workplaces in the digital space, however, started earlier than the pandemic. The pandemic amplified this process. In parallel, we also see that companies have had positive experiences in the process of creating virtual workplaces. The virtual workplace has serious IT-issues, which we attempt to reflect on. Some of the employees have taken to this solution: a significant part of the companies has not even returned to the classical former working processes. We have to focus also on the issues of the virtual workplace. Due to its practical popularity, it was necessary to regulate home office at the legal level, as most experts also had the opposite opinion on its essential elements. In order to close this debate, the legislator has created a new regulation concerning teleworking, which amends the rules of the Hungarian Labour Code on teleworking with effect from the end of the emergency. The purpose of this paper is to present the new legislation, with particular attention to the points at issue and the basics of its application in practice.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76416370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.07
Tomasz Mirosławski
The aim of this paper is to analyse a new form of employment which has appeared in the Polish labour market in recent years, i.e. work via digital platforms. The author discusses the issue of platform work in the context of its impact on the current labour market. Particular attention is paid to the identification of threats connected with this new form of employment, the demands of the European and Polish trade unions put forward in relation to platform workers and the regulations planned in this field at the EU level. The author also shares his reflections on the practices applied by the owners of digital platforms and the effective method of their control by Member States.
{"title":"Platform work as a manifestation of a new form of employment in the era of the fourth industrial revolution","authors":"Tomasz Mirosławski","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.07","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyse a new form of employment which has appeared in the Polish labour market in recent years, i.e. work via digital platforms. The author discusses the issue of platform work in the context of its impact on the current labour market. Particular attention is paid to the identification of threats connected with this new form of employment, the demands of the European and Polish trade unions put forward in relation to platform workers and the regulations planned in this field at the EU level. The author also shares his reflections on the practices applied by the owners of digital platforms and the effective method of their control by Member States.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79391837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.09
Jakub Grygutis
Problem postawiony w artykule dotyczy dopuszczalności wypłaty wynagrodzenia w kryptowalucie w świetle prawa polskiego. W tekście analizie został poddany charakter prawny kryptowalut jako środka płatniczego. Obecnie występuje dualizm prawny w odniesieniu do kryptowalut: bitcoin jest środkiem płatniczym w Salwadorze, pozostałe zaś kryptowaluty tego przymiotu nie mają. Następnie w artykule przeanalizowano główny problem przez pryzmat art. 86 § 2 k.p., który określa zasady wypłaty wynagrodzenia w prawie polskim.
{"title":"Dopuszczalność wypłaty wynagrodzenia w kryptowalucie w świetle polskiego prawa pracy","authors":"Jakub Grygutis","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.09","url":null,"abstract":"Problem postawiony w artykule dotyczy dopuszczalności wypłaty wynagrodzenia w kryptowalucie w świetle prawa polskiego. W tekście analizie został poddany charakter prawny kryptowalut jako środka płatniczego. Obecnie występuje dualizm prawny w odniesieniu do kryptowalut: bitcoin jest środkiem płatniczym w Salwadorze, pozostałe zaś kryptowaluty tego przymiotu nie mają. Następnie w artykule przeanalizowano główny problem przez pryzmat art. 86 § 2 k.p., który określa zasady wypłaty wynagrodzenia w prawie polskim.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91147544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.03
Krassimira Sredkova
Based on historical experience, in Bulgarian labour legislation, in recent years the problem of the state of its codification has become more and more pronounced. This condition is alarming. In the presence of a reasonable, comprehensive code, laws are being constantly adopted on separate issues that either do not regulate anything specific, or repeat provisions of the Labour Code. Furthermore, the body of by-lawskeeps expanding uncontrollably. Most often this is explained by some requirements of EU law, new socio-economic conditions, etc., while in fact this expansion is due to inadequate expertise of the law-making bodies, interference of non-legal considerations, etc. This creates many difficulties in understanding and applying labour legislation.
{"title":"EU law and problems of the codification of the Bulgarian labour legislation","authors":"Krassimira Sredkova","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.03","url":null,"abstract":"Based on historical experience, in Bulgarian labour legislation, in recent years the problem of the state of its codification has become more and more pronounced. This condition is alarming. In the presence of a reasonable, comprehensive code, laws are being constantly adopted on separate issues that either do not regulate anything specific, or repeat provisions of the Labour Code. Furthermore, the body of by-lawskeeps expanding uncontrollably. Most often this is explained by some requirements of EU law, new socio-economic conditions, etc., while in fact this expansion is due to inadequate expertise of the law-making bodies, interference of non-legal considerations, etc. This creates many difficulties in understanding and applying labour legislation.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88363794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.06
Piotr Sypecki
W artykule przeanalizowano aspekt pracy w godzinach nadliczbowych przy tworzeniu gier komputerowych. Dostrzeżono, że zjawisko crunchu stanowi wyzwanie zarówno dla producenta, jak i zaangażowanych pracowników. Przeanalizowano pojawiające się wątpliwości prawne. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę na kwestie podstawy świadczenia pracy, przewidywalności nadgodzin oraz ochrony zdrowia pracowników.
{"title":"Prawne aspekty nadgodzin w procesie tworzenia gier","authors":"Piotr Sypecki","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.06","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule przeanalizowano aspekt pracy w godzinach nadliczbowych przy tworzeniu gier komputerowych. Dostrzeżono, że zjawisko crunchu stanowi wyzwanie zarówno dla producenta, jak i zaangażowanych pracowników. Przeanalizowano pojawiające się wątpliwości prawne. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę na kwestie podstawy świadczenia pracy, przewidywalności nadgodzin oraz ochrony zdrowia pracowników.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85707852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.02
Daria Dymarczyk, Ewelina Działek, Norbert Sitko
{"title":"Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej „Ewolucja zatrudnienia na tle przemian technologicznych”","authors":"Daria Dymarczyk, Ewelina Działek, Norbert Sitko","doi":"10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2023.21.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77841338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.4467/25444654spp.22.032.16577
K. Baran
The essence of the irenic function of labor law is the amicable settlement of disputes in the work environment. It applies to both individual and collective disputes. In the system of Polish labor law, there are not only settlements but also other collective agreements. Scrutinizing this problem is the crucial issue of the given paper.
{"title":"The Eirenic Function of Labour Law","authors":"K. Baran","doi":"10.4467/25444654spp.22.032.16577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.22.032.16577","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of the irenic function of labor law is the amicable settlement of disputes in the work environment. It applies to both individual and collective disputes. In the system of Polish labor law, there are not only settlements but also other collective agreements. Scrutinizing this problem is the crucial issue of the given paper.","PeriodicalId":52556,"journal":{"name":"Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Spolecznej","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49175891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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