Despite studies on microfinance (MF) or development of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Asia developing countries, including countries as member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN), are growing, not so much attention have been given to the role of MF in financing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Based on a key literature study and analysis of secondary/national data, the main aim of this study is to fill this gap. It shows that in many ASEAN member states (AMS) MF has developed to some significant degree, although the rate of growth (e.g. number of MFIs, number of depositors and debtors, total loans allocated, etc.) as well as the market structure of MF vary across member states. From the Indonesian case this study comes with two most interesting facts. First, majority of MSMEs do not have access to credit from banks and/or other formal non-bank financial institutions. Second, MF services or MFIs are growing fast, and the most popular MF program so far is Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR), or people business credit (i.e. a credit scheme without collateral), introduced during the SBY period.
尽管亚洲发展中国家，包括东南亚国家联盟(ASEAN)成员国对小额信贷(MF)或小额信贷机构(mfi)发展的研究越来越多，但MF在中小微企业(MSMEs)融资中的作用却没有得到太多关注。基于重要文献研究和二手/国家数据分析，本研究的主要目的是填补这一空白。这表明，在许多东盟成员国(AMS)中，尽管MF的增长率(如小额信贷机构的数量，存款人和债务人的数量，分配的贷款总额等)以及市场结构在成员国之间有所不同，但MF已经取得了一定程度的发展。从印尼的案例中，这项研究得出了两个最有趣的事实。首先，大多数中小微企业无法从银行和/或其他正式的非银行金融机构获得信贷。其次，MF服务或小额信贷机构正在快速增长，到目前为止最受欢迎的MF计划是信贷Usaha Rakyat (KUR)，或人民商业信贷(即无抵押品的信贷计划)，在SBY期间推出。
{"title":"The Importance of Microfinance for Development of MSMEs in ASEAN: Evidence from Indonesia","authors":"T. Tambunan","doi":"10.21512/JAS.V2I2.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/JAS.V2I2.298","url":null,"abstract":"Despite studies on microfinance (MF) or development of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Asia developing countries, including countries as member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN), are growing, not so much attention have been given to the role of MF in financing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Based on a key literature study and analysis of secondary/national data, the main aim of this study is to fill this gap. It shows that in many ASEAN member states (AMS) MF has developed to some significant degree, although the rate of growth (e.g. number of MFIs, number of depositors and debtors, total loans allocated, etc.) as well as the market structure of MF vary across member states. From the Indonesian case this study comes with two most interesting facts. First, majority of MSMEs do not have access to credit from banks and/or other formal non-bank financial institutions. Second, MF services or MFIs are growing fast, and the most popular MF program so far is Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR), or people business credit (i.e. a credit scheme without collateral), introduced during the SBY period.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78302006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, Indonesia’s economy records very high and stable economic growth. The growth is above 6 percent. Despite the world economic crisis, our economic growth is adequately resistant to turmoil from external crisis. The relatively high economic growth is mainly caused by high domestic demand, both from consumption and investment. The question is how foreign banks can play a role in development of Indonesian economy? In this notes, I discuss several challenges posed by structural changes in Indonesia as well as opportunities for foreign banks to play a role in Indonesian financial development.
{"title":"Indonesian Economy Leading to a Political Year and How Foreign Banks Can Play a Role in Development","authors":"Kemal Aziz Stamboel","doi":"10.21512/jas.v2i2.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v2i2.300","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Indonesia’s economy records very high and stable economic growth. The growth is above 6 percent. Despite the world economic crisis, our economic growth is adequately resistant to turmoil from external crisis. The relatively high economic growth is mainly caused by high domestic demand, both from consumption and investment. The question is how foreign banks can play a role in development of Indonesian economy? In this notes, I discuss several challenges posed by structural changes in Indonesia as well as opportunities for foreign banks to play a role in Indonesian financial development.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90516076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Journal of ASEAN Studies proudly presents the recent issue, volume 2 number 2, which is also the fourth publication of our bi-annual peer-reviewed scholarly journal. This batch of articles offers a series of discussions focused mainly on the practical industrial performance in Southeast Asia. We consider that the exploration of this topic is a substantial contribution to the preparation for ASEAN Economic Community. However, one crucial and sensitive issue pertaining to the South China Sea border disputes will also be highlighted.
{"title":"Editorial: Southeast Asian Readiness Vis-Ã -Vis the ASEAN Economic Community","authors":"T. Mursitama","doi":"10.21512/jas.v2i2.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v2i2.295","url":null,"abstract":"The Journal of ASEAN Studies proudly presents the recent issue, volume 2 number 2, which is also the fourth publication of our bi-annual peer-reviewed scholarly journal. This batch of articles offers a series of discussions focused mainly on the practical industrial performance in Southeast Asia. We consider that the exploration of this topic is a substantial contribution to the preparation for ASEAN Economic Community. However, one crucial and sensitive issue pertaining to the South China Sea border disputes will also be highlighted.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73245782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The literature on new product development is growing but Malaysia manufacturing industry often lacks these discussions. Therefore, this paper focuses on linking the determinants of an effective product development process and new product performance within manufacturing companies across industries in Malaysia that have certain level of new product development activities taking in their organization. Further, the paper organises the burgeoning new product development literature into four main determinants: customer orientation, cross-functional team, new product development team proficiency and management support. The selection of determinants to the theoretical framework is adjusting for manufacturing industry origins in previous written research material. The literature review focuses on the product development process and builds the framework of conceptual model detailing the initialization and implementation stage in the product development process. Two theoretical perspectives have guided the conceptual framework which is the resource-based view and organizational theories. The proposal is to give an increased understanding of the changed new product process in Malaysian industry and its implication on activities concerning organisation and management of the new product development process. This framework reflects a growing interest in extending new product development paradigms to emerging in ASEAN countries, thus contributing to a wider body of knowledge.
{"title":"The Determinants of New Product Performance in Malaysian Industry","authors":"Oon Fok-Yew","doi":"10.21512/JAS.V2I2.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/JAS.V2I2.296","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on new product development is growing but Malaysia manufacturing industry often lacks these discussions. Therefore, this paper focuses on linking the determinants of an effective product development process and new product performance within manufacturing companies across industries in Malaysia that have certain level of new product development activities taking in their organization. Further, the paper organises the burgeoning new product development literature into four main determinants: customer orientation, cross-functional team, new product development team proficiency and management support. The selection of determinants to the theoretical framework is adjusting for manufacturing industry origins in previous written research material. The literature review focuses on the product development process and builds the framework of conceptual model detailing the initialization and implementation stage in the product development process. Two theoretical perspectives have guided the conceptual framework which is the resource-based view and organizational theories. The proposal is to give an increased understanding of the changed new product process in Malaysian industry and its implication on activities concerning organisation and management of the new product development process. This framework reflects a growing interest in extending new product development paradigms to emerging in ASEAN countries, thus contributing to a wider body of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89615255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japan has developed a new security policy against China in East China Sea, which has increased tension in that region. Japan’s new leadership under Shinzo Abe, who has conservative political view, has unbeatable policy against China’s hegemony. Abe revised Japan Self-Defence Forces role in the Japanese Constitution by making critical amendments on particular articles, which should be seen as Japan’s bargaining power against China. The two major powers in East China Sea can be seen as security dilemma of other states. Pursuit of power and hegemony will influence other major actors in the global world system and also small states. Japan’s new security policy is as a renaissance of Japan’s hegemony or pursuit of power in East China Sea. By using bargaining model of war, Japan’s security policy will determine overall situation in South China Sea or particularly in East China Sea: whether it will remain of high threat or balance of threat rather than balance of power, or it will face possible conflict in the future.
{"title":"Japan’s Renaissance and Its Effect to ASEAN","authors":"Syafril Hidayat","doi":"10.21512/JAS.V2I1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/JAS.V2I1.83","url":null,"abstract":"Japan has developed a new security policy against China in East China Sea, which has increased tension in that region. Japan’s new leadership under Shinzo Abe, who has conservative political view, has unbeatable policy against China’s hegemony. Abe revised Japan Self-Defence Forces role in the Japanese Constitution by making critical amendments on particular articles, which should be seen as Japan’s bargaining power against China. The two major powers in East China Sea can be seen as security dilemma of other states. Pursuit of power and hegemony will influence other major actors in the global world system and also small states. Japan’s new security policy is as a renaissance of Japan’s hegemony or pursuit of power in East China Sea. By using bargaining model of war, Japan’s security policy will determine overall situation in South China Sea or particularly in East China Sea: whether it will remain of high threat or balance of threat rather than balance of power, or it will face possible conflict in the future.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82397399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are proudly present our recently published Journal of ASEAN Studies. The Vol.2 No. 1 Issue is the third issue we have consistently published from December 2012. In this issue, the key topics examined by the writers focuses on the domestic politics of industrialization and the changing of East Asia Geopolitics. The current condition of East Asia geopolitics cannot be separated from the dynamics of political and economic issues faced in the domestic level by each country in East Asia particularly in ASEAN. In this issue, we focus on three main countries in East Asia and how they affect the dynamic of Southeast Asia geopolitics.
{"title":"Editorial: Indonesian Industrialization and the Changing of Southeast Asia Geopolitics","authors":"T. Mursitama","doi":"10.21512/JAS.V2I1.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/JAS.V2I1.106","url":null,"abstract":"We are proudly present our recently published Journal of ASEAN Studies. The Vol.2 No. 1 Issue is the third issue we have consistently published from December 2012. In this issue, the key topics examined by the writers focuses on the domestic politics of industrialization and the changing of East Asia Geopolitics. The current condition of East Asia geopolitics cannot be separated from the dynamics of political and economic issues faced in the domestic level by each country in East Asia particularly in ASEAN. In this issue, we focus on three main countries in East Asia and how they affect the dynamic of Southeast Asia geopolitics.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91293861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of auto industry needs a series of related policies and conditions, including market, technology, management, basic infrastructure, etc. Several Southeast Asian countries are hoping to develop their auto industries in order to lead the development of other industries in their countries. Having the largest auto market in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is supposed to have more favorable conditions than Thailand and Malaysia on the development of auto industry. Unlike Malaysia’s auto industry that has its own national brand, Indonesia does not have a national auto brand, nor like Thailand as the largest auto exporting country in Southeast Asia, a Japanese scholar even contends that Indonesia’s auto industry is “technology-less industrialization”. Based on the above analysis, the paper argues that the failure of Indonesia’s auto industry has to do with the structural factors in Indonesia’s political economy. This paper therefore will, by taking the perspective of political economy, explore the following four factors over the failure of Indonesia’s auto industry: (1) inappropriate state intervention, (2) distorted government-business relations, (3) failure to join international complementarities in the auto industry, and (4) ineffective management on globalization.
{"title":"An Industry without Industrialization: The Political Economy of The Failure of Indonesia’s Auto Industry","authors":"Wan-Ping Tai","doi":"10.21512/JAS.V2I1.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/JAS.V2I1.154","url":null,"abstract":"The development of auto industry needs a series of related policies and conditions, including market, technology, management, basic infrastructure, etc. Several Southeast Asian countries are hoping to develop their auto industries in order to lead the development of other industries in their countries. Having the largest auto market in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is supposed to have more favorable conditions than Thailand and Malaysia on the development of auto industry. Unlike Malaysia’s auto industry that has its own national brand, Indonesia does not have a national auto brand, nor like Thailand as the largest auto exporting country in Southeast Asia, a Japanese scholar even contends that Indonesia’s auto industry is “technology-less industrialization”. Based on the above analysis, the paper argues that the failure of Indonesia’s auto industry has to do with the structural factors in Indonesia’s political economy. This paper therefore will, by taking the perspective of political economy, explore the following four factors over the failure of Indonesia’s auto industry: (1) inappropriate state intervention, (2) distorted government-business relations, (3) failure to join international complementarities in the auto industry, and (4) ineffective management on globalization.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86816710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 and Deng Xiaoping in 1997, factionalism and power struggle as the characteristic of leadership change in China has ended. Although factionalism still exists, it has been converted to collaboration among all factions within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The election of Xi Jinping to the presidency of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and to the position as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is therefore, as the result of cooperation among factions. This paper discusses various challenges, including nationalism as the most serious issue faced by Xi Jinping as a leader elected through compromise.
虽然派系斗争仍然存在，但它已经转变为中国共产党内部各派系之间的合作。
{"title":"Challenges against Xi Jinping: an ASEAN Perspective","authors":"A. Dahana, K. Rosalin","doi":"10.21512/JAS.V2I1.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/JAS.V2I1.82","url":null,"abstract":"Since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 and Deng Xiaoping in 1997, factionalism and power struggle as the characteristic of leadership change in China has ended. Although factionalism still exists, it has been converted to collaboration among all factions within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The election of Xi Jinping to the presidency of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and to the position as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is therefore, as the result of cooperation among factions. This paper discusses various challenges, including nationalism as the most serious issue faced by Xi Jinping as a leader elected through compromise.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85221991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The policy was introduced by the U.S. President Barack Obama early in his first administration in 2010, marked specific changing to the U.S. foreign policy like never before. The U.S. continuously views South and South East Asia, including the Indian Ocean, as a crucial driver for America’s economic growth and prosperity throughout the 21st century. Numerous numbers of cooperation and partnership have been done to enhance the ties between the U.S. and the regions. The U.S. presence and involvement in most essential regional meetings and summits can also be seen as an effort to seek opportunities, politically, economically, as well as security. This article tries to analyze how the U.S. rebalance towards Asia policy, a term used for the U.S.' foreign policy influenced the regional stability in Asia-Pacific region.
{"title":"The US Rebalance Policy and the Management of Power Politics in Asia Pacific","authors":"Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, Denisa Rizkiya","doi":"10.21512/JAS.V2I1.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/JAS.V2I1.81","url":null,"abstract":"The policy was introduced by the U.S. President Barack Obama early in his first administration in 2010, marked specific changing to the U.S. foreign policy like never before. The U.S. continuously views South and South East Asia, including the Indian Ocean, as a crucial driver for America’s economic growth and prosperity throughout the 21st century. Numerous numbers of cooperation and partnership have been done to enhance the ties between the U.S. and the regions. The U.S. presence and involvement in most essential regional meetings and summits can also be seen as an effort to seek opportunities, politically, economically, as well as security. This article tries to analyze how the U.S. rebalance towards Asia policy, a term used for the U.S.' foreign policy influenced the regional stability in Asia-Pacific region.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77262266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the years, study on pre-colonial Southeast Asian International relations has not garnered major attention because it had long been seen as an integral part of the China-centred tribute system. There is a need to provide greater understanding of the uniqueness of the International system as different regions have different ontologies to comprehend its dynamics and structures. This paper contributes to the pre-colonial Southeast Asian literature by examining the interplay that had existed between pre-colonial Southeast Asian empires and the hierarchical East Asian International society, in particular during the 13th-16th Century. The paper argues that Southeast Asian International relations in pre-colonial time were characterized by complex political structures with the influence of Mandala values. In that structural context, the Majapahit Empire, one of the biggest empires at that time had its own constitutional structures of an International society, albeit still sought close relations with China.
{"title":"Erratum to \"the Mandala Culture of Anarchy: the Pre-Colonial Southeast Asian International Society\"","authors":"Editorial Journal of Asean Studies","doi":"10.21512/jas.v2i2.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v2i2.301","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the years, study on pre-colonial Southeast Asian International relations has not garnered major attention because it had long been seen as an integral part of the China-centred tribute system. There is a need to provide greater understanding of the uniqueness of the International system as different regions have different ontologies to comprehend its dynamics and structures. This paper contributes to the pre-colonial Southeast Asian literature by examining the interplay that had existed between pre-colonial Southeast Asian empires and the hierarchical East Asian International society, in particular during the 13th-16th Century. The paper argues that Southeast Asian International relations in pre-colonial time were characterized by complex political structures with the influence of Mandala values. In that structural context, the Majapahit Empire, one of the biggest empires at that time had its own constitutional structures of an International society, albeit still sought close relations with China.","PeriodicalId":52561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ASEAN Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85468499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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