Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/38-46
О П Марфина
REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BELARUSIAN CHILDREN AND YOUTH (LATE 19TH - 20S OF THE 20TH CENTURY)
白俄罗斯儿童和青少年身体发育人类学研究综述(19世纪末至20世纪20年代)
{"title":"ОБЗОР АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПО ФИЗИЧЕСКОМУ РАЗВИТИЮ БЕЛОРУССКИХ ДЕТЕЙ И МОЛОДЕЖИ (КОНЕЦ ХIХ – 20-Е ГГ. ХХ ВЕКА)","authors":"О П Марфина","doi":"10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/38-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/38-46","url":null,"abstract":"REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BELARUSIAN CHILDREN AND YOUTH (LATE 19TH - 20S OF THE 20TH CENTURY)","PeriodicalId":52612,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii seismologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80120270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/47-71
И. И. Саливон
The present study aims to identify the peculiarities of constitutional changes of some skeletal dimensions, which determine the shape and sex-linked traits of the body type of urban schoolchildren during puberty.The anthropometric data presented were collected by the author of the article during anthropometric measurement carried out annually in Minsk (between 1982 and 1991) mostly among the same schoolchildren, aged 7 to 17.The different body type (somatotypes) are determined and classified according to a scheme of somatotyping developed by Belarusian anthropologists (Salivon, Polina, 2003). The determination of somatotypes is based on the combined evaluation of five anthropometric indices, which describe the degree of skeleton massiveness and level of subcutaneous fat deposition in the body and the extremities. Two contrasting somatotype variants are distinguished – asthenized leptosomic and adipose hypersomic, as well as mezosomic and four intermediate types with varying degree of leptosomy or hypersomy. The comparative analysis of sex- and age-related variability in body length, chest circumference, shoulder breadth (bisacromial diameter) and maximum pelvic width (biacromial diameter) revealed the wave-like nature of body development process with alternating acceleration and deceleration of body dimensions growth. The constitutional peculiarities based on the development of bone formation are reflected in different time periods and rates of acceleration in annual indices increase. The growth process acceleration begins about one year earlier in hypersomic schoolchildren. On the contrary, it is delayed in leptosomic schoolchildren. Mezosomic children and adolescents have a more balanced body development with a reduced number of alternating minimum and maximum increases in the considered body dimensions.
{"title":"ЛОНГИТУДИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОНСТИТУЦИО-НАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПОЛОВОЗРАСТНОЙ ИЗМЕН-ЧИВОСТИ ОСНОВНЫХ СКЕЛЕТНЫХ РАЗМЕРОВ У ШКОЛЬНИКОВ МИНСКА В 1980-Е ГОДЫ","authors":"И. И. Саливон","doi":"10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/47-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/47-71","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to identify the peculiarities of constitutional changes of some skeletal dimensions, which determine the shape and sex-linked traits of the body type of urban schoolchildren during puberty.The anthropometric data presented were collected by the author of the article during anthropometric measurement carried out annually in Minsk (between 1982 and 1991) mostly among the same schoolchildren, aged 7 to 17.The different body type (somatotypes) are determined and classified according to a scheme of somatotyping developed by Belarusian anthropologists (Salivon, Polina, 2003). The determination of somatotypes is based on the combined evaluation of five anthropometric indices, which describe the degree of skeleton massiveness and level of subcutaneous fat deposition in the body and the extremities. Two contrasting somatotype variants are distinguished – asthenized leptosomic and adipose hypersomic, as well as mezosomic and four intermediate types with varying degree of leptosomy or hypersomy. The comparative analysis of sex- and age-related variability in body length, chest circumference, shoulder breadth (bisacromial diameter) and maximum pelvic width (biacromial diameter) revealed the wave-like nature of body development process with alternating acceleration and deceleration of body dimensions growth. The constitutional peculiarities based on the development of bone formation are reflected in different time periods and rates of acceleration in annual indices increase. The growth process acceleration begins about one year earlier in hypersomic schoolchildren. On the contrary, it is delayed in leptosomic schoolchildren. Mezosomic children and adolescents have a more balanced body development with a reduced number of alternating minimum and maximum increases in the considered body dimensions.","PeriodicalId":52612,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii seismologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74035766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/5-23
Е.О. Веселовская, Анна Рассказова
The Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction (LAR) of the Centerfor Physical Anthropology (CPhA) of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences has a truly unique collection of graphic and sculptural portraits made from the skulls of ancient and modern Eskimos from the Old and New Worlds. The article presents the works of G.V. Lebedinskaya, T.S. Surnina, T.S. Baluyeva, as well as some reconstructions made more recently by todays LAR research fellows. These latest works were carried out, taking into account the new data based on the improvement of the method of graphic facial reconstruction from a skull. The processing technique for 3D reconstruction of skull, based on a series of photographs taken from different angles is described. Thanks to this method, it is possible to obtain accurate images of the skull from front and side profile without any perspective distortion. The presented recon-structions were made using both classical and new methods, the last ones, based on the use of computer and the Photoshop Software. An innovative way of rep-resenting lifelike facial features makes it possible to show the real color of the skin, hair and eyes. In the article is as well discussed the place of the Eskimos in the anthropological classification system and the peculiarities of their features in Greenland and Chukotka.
俄罗斯科学院民族学和人类学研究所体质人类学中心(CPhA)的人类学重建实验室(LAR)拥有真正独特的图形和雕塑肖像收藏，这些肖像是由来自旧世界和新世界的古代和现代爱斯基摩人的头骨制成的。本文介绍了G.V. Lebedinskaya, T.S. Surnina, T.S. Baluyeva的作品，以及一些最近由今天的LAR研究人员重建的作品。这些最新工作是考虑到基于改进的颅骨图形面部重建方法的新数据而进行的。描述了基于不同角度拍摄的一系列照片进行颅骨三维重建的处理技术。由于这种方法，可以从正面和侧面获得准确的头骨图像，而不会产生任何透视失真。本文采用经典方法和新方法进行重建，新方法是基于计算机和Photoshop软件的重建。这是一种创新的逼真的面部特征表现方式，可以显示皮肤、头发和眼睛的真实颜色。文中还讨论了爱斯基摩人在人类学分类体系中的地位，以及爱斯基摩人在格陵兰岛和楚科奇岛的特点。
{"title":"ГАЛЕРЕЯ ПОРТРЕТОВ, ВЫПОЛНЕННЫХ ПО ЧЕРЕПАМ ЭСКИМОСОВ, В ЛАБОРАТОРИИ АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ","authors":"Е.О. Веселовская, Анна Рассказова","doi":"10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/5-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/5-23","url":null,"abstract":"The Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction (LAR) of the Centerfor Physical Anthropology (CPhA) of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences has a truly unique collection of graphic and sculptural portraits made from the skulls of ancient and modern Eskimos from the Old and New Worlds. The article presents the works of G.V. Lebedinskaya, T.S. Surnina, T.S. Baluyeva, as well as some reconstructions made more recently by todays LAR research fellows. These latest works were carried out, taking into account the new data based on the improvement of the method of graphic facial reconstruction from a skull. The processing technique for 3D reconstruction of skull, based on a series of photographs taken from different angles is described. Thanks to this method, it is possible to obtain accurate images of the skull from front and side profile without any perspective distortion. The presented recon-structions were made using both classical and new methods, the last ones, based on the use of computer and the Photoshop Software. An innovative way of rep-resenting lifelike facial features makes it possible to show the real color of the skin, hair and eyes. In the article is as well discussed the place of the Eskimos in the anthropological classification system and the peculiarities of their features in Greenland and Chukotka.","PeriodicalId":52612,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii seismologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74174442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/24-37
С.Б. Боруцкая, Сергей Леонидович Васильев, Александр Владимирович Новиков
Skeletal material from the village of Isupovo was found during the excavations of the village cemetery. The formation of this necropolis began in the 17th century and continued for two centuries. Our work is devoted to the paleodemographic study of the population of the village of Isupovo in the 17th–18th centuries, according to sex and age determination of the skeletal material. As a result of our studies, we could draw the following conclusion. The demographic situation in the village of Isupovo in the 17th–18th centuries can be considered quite prosperous, as evidenced by a the high average life expectancy, a relatively low infant mortality rate, a significant representativeness of the older age cohort, and low mortality rate at younger ages.
{"title":"ПАЛЕОДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ НЕКРОПОЛЯ В СЕЛЕ ИСУПОВО КОСТРОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ","authors":"С.Б. Боруцкая, Сергей Леонидович Васильев, Александр Владимирович Новиков","doi":"10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/24-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/24-37","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal material from the village of Isupovo was found during the excavations of the village cemetery. The formation of this necropolis began in the 17th century and continued for two centuries. Our work is devoted to the paleodemographic study of the population of the village of Isupovo in the 17th–18th centuries, according to sex and age determination of the skeletal material. As a result of our studies, we could draw the following conclusion. The demographic situation in the village of Isupovo in the 17th–18th centuries can be considered quite prosperous, as evidenced by a the high average life expectancy, a relatively low infant mortality rate, a significant representativeness of the older age cohort, and low mortality rate at younger ages.","PeriodicalId":52612,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii seismologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80280418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-16DOI: 10.35540/2686-7907.2019.1.02
A. Liseikin, V. Seleznev, Z. Adilov, T. Hsu, Valentino Arygianni
A method is proposed for monitoring the natural frequencies of hydro power plant dams using continuous seismic observation data. The object of the research is the largest in Russia arched Chirkey dam located in the Caucasus. At the initial stage, a detailed study of the natural oscillations of the dam was performed using the method of coherent restoration of the standing wave fields with the definition of both the natural frequencies of the structure and their modes. The features of seasonal changes in the total field of standing waves are studied and factors affecting changes in natural frequencies are established. At the next stage, the values of natural frequencies were determined from the spectra of microseismic oscillations recorded by seismic equipment installed on the object. Observation points located in the antinodes of standing waves were used. The values of the natural frequencies of the Chirkey dam, as a whole, decrease with increasing upstream level. It was determined that there are additional factors leading to the hysteresis effect in the relationship between the values of the upstream level and natural frequencies, presumably associated with relaxation processes in the dam body and/or in the dam-base system after the change of level. A method for monitoring the state of the dam is proposed, based on a comparison of the observed values of natural frequencies with the predicted ones. The latter are determined by linear dependencies on the upstream level, taking into account the time shifts associated with relaxation processes
{"title":"Features of the monitoring of natural frequencies of hydro power plant dams (on the example of the Chirkey dam)","authors":"A. Liseikin, V. Seleznev, Z. Adilov, T. Hsu, Valentino Arygianni","doi":"10.35540/2686-7907.2019.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2019.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"A method is proposed for monitoring the natural frequencies of hydro power plant dams using continuous seismic observation data. The object of the research is the largest in Russia arched Chirkey dam located in the Caucasus. At the initial stage, a detailed study of the natural oscillations of the dam was performed using the method of coherent restoration of the standing wave fields with the definition of both the natural frequencies of the structure and their modes. The features of seasonal changes in the total field of standing waves are studied and factors affecting changes in natural frequencies are established. At the next stage, the values of natural frequencies were determined from the spectra of microseismic oscillations recorded by seismic equipment installed on the object. Observation points located in the antinodes of\u0000standing waves were used. The values of the natural frequencies of the Chirkey dam, as a whole, decrease with increasing upstream level. It was determined that there are additional factors leading to the hysteresis effect in the relationship between the values of the upstream level and natural frequencies, presumably associated with relaxation processes in the dam body and/or in the dam-base system after the change of level. A method for monitoring the state of the dam is proposed, based on a comparison of the observed values of natural frequencies with the predicted ones. The latter are determined by linear dependencies on the upstream level, taking into account the time shifts associated with relaxation processes","PeriodicalId":52612,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii seismologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47891863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-16DOI: 10.35540/2686-7907.2019.1.05
Whereas the quality factor Q is one of the basic parameters required in seismic hazard estimation, no systematic studies of seismic attenuation factors have been carried out in the central part of the East European Platform due to the lack of a dense seismic network and a small number of regional earthquakes. The main part of the events, recorded by the small aperture array “Mikhnevo” 80 km to the south of Moscow, consists of industrial explosions of different magnitude. The idea of the paper is to apply conventional seismic methods to the analysis of seismic waveforms of industrial explosions. The paper focuses on the Lg coda of the quarry blast in “Mikhailovsky” quarry 300 km from the array. Vertical components of the short-period and broad band records of the sensors positioned in the well at the depth 20 m are processed according to the SSR algorithm, suggested by Xie and Nuttli, 1988, and extensively used by Mitchell et al in different regions of the world. The advantages of the method imply exclusion of the source and site characteristics by taking spectral ratios of the successive time windows of the coda. Compared to the earthquake waveforms, the Lg coda of explosions is shorter, less regular and contains higher frequencies. The length of coda varies according to the noise level. We selected 14 events from the same quarry in different years, which demonstrate remarkable stability of the waveforms. All the events were processed individually to obtain the frequency dependence of Q in the form Q(f)=Q0 f , where Q0 is the Q factor at the frequency 1 Hz and is the power. To produce stable estimates of Q0 and individual values were averaged for frequency bands: 2-6 Hz, 2-7 Hz, 3-6 Hz, 3-7 Hz for different length of coda. The preferable frequency range for Lg coda Q studies of quarry blasts is suggested as 3-6 Hz, which avoids instability of coda in 1-3 Hz interval, presumably caused by local site effect, connected with the 3 km thick sedimentary layer. The Q estimate of Q0=584±89, =0.41±0.06 proves considerable heterogeneity of the upper crust in the region. Speaking about Q factor as an indicator of the tectonic activity, the studied area can be related to a region of moderate activity.
{"title":"Lg-coda Q in the central part of the East European platform from small aperture array “Mikhnevo” data","authors":"","doi":"10.35540/2686-7907.2019.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2019.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas the quality factor Q is one of the basic parameters required in seismic hazard estimation, no systematic studies of seismic attenuation factors have been carried out in the central part of the East European Platform due to the lack of a dense seismic network and a small number of regional earthquakes. The main part of the events, recorded by the small aperture array “Mikhnevo” 80 km to the south of Moscow, consists of industrial explosions of different magnitude. The idea of the paper is to apply conventional seismic methods to the analysis of seismic waveforms of industrial explosions. The paper focuses on the Lg coda of the quarry blast in “Mikhailovsky” quarry 300 km from the array. Vertical components of the short-period and broad band records of the sensors positioned in the well at the depth 20 m are processed according to the SSR algorithm, suggested by Xie and Nuttli, 1988, and extensively used by Mitchell et al in different regions of the world. The advantages of the method imply exclusion of the source and site characteristics by taking spectral ratios of the successive time windows of the coda. Compared to the earthquake waveforms, the Lg coda of explosions is shorter, less regular and contains higher frequencies. The length of coda varies according to the noise level. We selected 14 events from the same quarry in different years, which demonstrate remarkable stability of the waveforms. All the events were processed individually to obtain the frequency dependence of Q in the form Q(f)=Q0 f , where Q0 is the Q factor at the frequency 1 Hz and is the power. To produce stable estimates of Q0 and individual values were averaged for frequency bands: 2-6 Hz, 2-7 Hz, 3-6 Hz, 3-7 Hz for different length of coda. The preferable frequency range for Lg coda Q studies of quarry blasts is suggested as 3-6 Hz, which avoids instability of coda in 1-3 Hz interval, presumably caused by local site effect, connected with the 3 km thick sedimentary layer. The Q estimate of Q0=584±89, =0.41±0.06 proves considerable heterogeneity of the upper crust in the region. Speaking about Q factor as an indicator of the tectonic activity, the studied area can be related to a region of moderate activity.","PeriodicalId":52612,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii seismologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49116750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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