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ВЛИЯНИЕ СОЦИО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ И КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА РОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ ДЕТЕЙ В ВОЗРАСТЕ ОТ 0 ДО 1 ГОДА В ПАКИСТАНЕ 社会经济和文化因素对巴基斯坦0 - 1岁儿童的成长和发展的影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-4-4/67-78
Е. А. Баканова
The weight of newborns in Pakistan is usually kept at the lower limitof the norm (2.5-3 kg), which is associated with both the peculiarities of theconstitution of Pakistani women and the peculiarities of their life and nutrition.However, by the age of 1 year, there is a sharp stratification of children in heightand weight: children in wealthy families most often suffer from increased weight(and even obesity), children from lower social groups - from malnutrition, bothqualitative and quantitative. This phenomenon is associated both with medicalproblems and the system of organization of medical pediatric care in the country,as well as with socio-economic and cultural factors, such as: the availability ofbaby food, the culture of baby food, cultural traditions of the region, the levelof family education, and others. According to the study, recommendations aremade to regulate medical, socio-economic and cultural factors for the optimaldevelopment and growth of children in Pakistan.
巴基斯坦新生儿的体重通常保持在标准的下限(2.5-3公斤),这与巴基斯坦妇女体质的特殊性以及她们生活和营养的特殊性有关。然而,到1岁时,儿童在身高和体重上出现了明显的分层:富裕家庭的儿童最常遭受体重增加(甚至肥胖)的折磨,而来自较低社会群体的儿童则在质量和数量上都营养不良。这一现象与该国的医疗问题和儿科医疗组织体系有关,也与社会经济和文化因素有关,例如:婴儿食品的可获得性、婴儿食品文化、该地区的文化传统、家庭教育水平等。根据这项研究,提出了规范巴基斯坦儿童最佳发展和成长的医疗、社会经济和文化因素的建议。
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引用次数: 0
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЖЕНЩИН С ВЫСОКИМ УРОВНЕМ СТРЕССА В ПЕРИОД МЕНОПАУЗЫ 更年期高血压妇女的身体和功能状况
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-4-4/86-108
Н Н Захарьева, М С Комкова
The article examines the features of the physical and functional state of women during menopause, examines the risks of developing physical and psychological stress during the period of hormonal changes and their relationship with climacteric syndrome. The interrelation of the predisposition of the development of climacteric syndrome with the BMI indicators, the type of physique and the level of fitness of the body of women is revealed.
本文探讨了绝经期妇女身体和功能状态的特点,探讨了激素变化期间发生生理和心理应激的风险及其与更年期综合征的关系。揭示了女性体质指数、体质类型和身体健康水平与绝经期综合征易感性的相互关系。
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引用次数: 0
ЗЛОВЕЩАЯ ДОЛИНА - ОБРАТНАЯ СТОРОНА. ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ЧЕРТ И ПРОПОРЦИЙ ЛИЦА, КОТОРЫЕ ВЫЗЫВАЮТ У НАБЛЮДАТЕЛЯ ЧУВСТВО ТРЕВОГИ. ЧАСТЬ 1: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 邪恶的山谷是另一边。识别导致观察者焦虑的特征和比例。第一部分:文学评论
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-4-4/51-66
Екатерина Просикова, Юлия Рашковская
The uncanny valley effect is being studied today mainly from the pointof view of psychology. In the present study, this effect is considered from thestandpoint of physical anthropology: an attempt was made to identify facialfeatures and proportions, facial indices that make the observer feel fear andanxiety. Respondents will be asked to select the most sinister images of facesbelonging to robots, animated characters etc. A number of parameters will bemeasured on the faces of the characters, which the respondents call the mostterrible. These parameters will be compared with the proportions of human facesin order to find significant differences. In order to check the identified proportionsand indices, the presence of which on the face instills a sense of anxiety in theobserver, a sample of respondents will be presented for evaluation of images ofhuman faces that have been changed in a graphic editor (artificially endowedwith those proportions and indices that, as the first study revealed, give the facecreepiness).Also, during the study, the connection between the uncanny valley effectand such a mechanism for perceiving a visual image as the construction of aperceptual hypothesis will be tested.
恐怖谷效应目前主要是从心理学的角度来研究的。在目前的研究中,这种影响是从体质人类学的角度考虑的:试图识别面部特征和比例,面部指数,使观察者感到恐惧和焦虑。受访者将被要求选出属于机器人、动画人物等的最邪恶的面孔。将在角色的脸上测量一些参数,受访者认为这是最可怕的。这些参数将与人脸的比例进行比较,以找到显著的差异。为了检查已识别的比例和指数,这些比例和指数的存在会给观察者带来一种焦虑感,调查对象的样本将被呈现出来,用于评估在图形编辑器中修改过的人脸图像(如第一项研究所揭示的那样,人为地赋予了这些比例和指数,使面部变得令人毛骨悚然)。同时,在研究过程中,还将检验恐怖谷效应与视觉图像感知机制之间的联系,即知觉假设的构建。
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引用次数: 0
ОБОБЩЕННЫЕ ПОРТРЕТЫ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ГРУППЫ «ИТАЛЬЯНЦЕВ КРЫМА» В ОБЫЧНОМ, УЛЬТРАФИОЛЕТОВОМ И ИНФРАКРАСНОМДИАПАЗОНЕ СВЕТОВОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ 现代“意大利克里米亚”民族的概括肖像在普通、紫外线和红外光谱的光辐射。
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-4-4/34-50
Никита Хохлов, Стефания Дзини
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引用次数: 0
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТИПЫ СКИФОВ СЕВЕРНОГО ПРИЧЕРНОМОРЬЯ В АСПЕКТЕ ИХ ГЕНЕЗИСА
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-4-4/16-33
Леонид Валерьевич Добровольский, Улан Умиткалиевич Умиткалиев
The question of the anthropological composition of the Scythians in connection with the eastern migration impulses is considered in the article by systematizing and interpreting the data of physical anthropology according to the craniological material of the Northern Black Sea region and adjacent territories. Anthropological material does not show the movement from adjacent and more distant eastern territories in the Pre-Scythian and Scythian times of large groups of the population, differing in craniological parameters from the autochthonous population.
根据黑海北部地区和邻近地区的颅骨材料,通过系统化和解释体质人类学数据,本文考虑了与东部移民冲动有关的斯基泰人的人类学组成问题。人类学资料并没有显示在前斯基泰和斯基泰时代,大群人口从邻近和更遥远的东部地区迁移过来,在颅骨参数上与本土人口不同。
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引用次数: 0
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОМПОНЕНТНОГО СОСТАВА ТЕЛА ЮНОШЕЙ ГУДЖАРАТСКОЙ НАРОДНОСТИ
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-4-4/79-85
Олег Олегович Калмин, Елена Фрунзе, Данила Лукьяненко
Purpose of the study was: to investigate the body composition of the youngGujarati men. The object of the study was 147 young men of the Gujarat ethnicgroup at the age of 17–21. The study was carried out using anthropometrictechniques. Bone, muscle and fat components of body mass, body mass indexand body surface area were calculated. The average body length of Gujarat youthswas determined as 171,75 ± 0,50 cm, body weight – 63,57 ± 1,17 kg. The averagethickness of the fat fold on the back was 1,80 ± 0,08 cm, on the front shoulder– 0,64 ± 0,04 cm, on the back shoulder – 0,81 ± 0,04 cm, on the forearm – 0,53± 0,03 cm, on the chest – 1,07 ± 0,05 cm, on the abdomen – 2,22 ± 0,10 cm, onthe thigh 1,69 ± 0.07 and on the leg – 1,11 ± 0,05. The skin fold on the back ofthe hand was 0,21 ± 0,01 cm. The average value of the body mass index amongGujarati boys was 21,50 ± 0,36 kg / m2. The absolute mass of the fat componentin young men was 14,50 ± 0,68 kg, the mass of the muscle component was 23,50± 0,36 kg, and the absolute mass of the bone component was 10,09 ± 0,12 kg. Therelative mass of the fat component of young men was 21,48 ± 0,65%, the relativemass of the muscle component was 37,75 ± 0,51% and the bone componentwas 16,31 ± 0,21%. The predominant component in the groups with normal,overweight and underweight was muscle, in the obese group, it was - fat.
研究的目的是:调查古吉拉特年轻男性的身体组成。这项研究的对象是147名年龄在17-21岁的古吉拉特邦年轻男性。这项研究采用了人体测量技术。计算体质量的骨、肌肉和脂肪成分、体质量指数和体表面积。古吉拉特邦青年平均体长为171,75±0.50 cm,体重为- 63,57±1.17 kg。背部脂肪褶的平均厚度为1.80±0.08 cm,前肩- 0.64±0.04 cm,后肩- 0.81±0.04 cm,前臂- 0.53±0.03 cm,胸部- 1.07±0.05 cm,腹部- 2.22±0.010 cm,大腿- 1.69±0.07 cm,腿部- 1.11±0.05 cm。手背皮肤褶皱为0,21±0,01 cm。古吉拉特男孩体重指数平均值为21,50±0,36 kg / m2。青年男性脂肪成分的绝对质量为14.50±0.68 kg,肌肉成分的绝对质量为23.50±0.36 kg,骨成分的绝对质量为10.09±0.12 kg。青年男性脂肪成分的相对质量为21.48±0.65%,肌肉成分的相对质量为37.75±0.51%,骨成分的相对质量为16.31±0.21%。正常组、超重组和体重过轻组的主要成分是肌肉,肥胖组的主要成分是脂肪。
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引用次数: 0
ПОЛО-ВОЗРАСТНАЯ СТРУКТУРА НЕКРОПОЛЯ ЦЕЛЫКОВКА-2 И НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕМОГРАФИИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЕЛЕЦКОГО КНЯЖЕСТВА XIV–XV ВВ.
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-4-4/5-15
С.Б. Боруцкая, Н.А. Тропин, Сергей Владимирович Васильев
The article gives a gender and age characteristics of the soil medieval necropolis "Tselykovka-2", which was discovered near the city of Yelets. The average life expectancy of people in the study group was 29.14 years, which is a fairly good indicator. The infant mortality rate was 30%, which is also an indicator of relative demographic well-being. The group has an unusual percentage of males and females with an overwhelming male advantage of almost 15%. In general, we can talk about the relative demographic well-being in the group.
本文给出了叶列茨市附近发现的土壤中世纪墓地“Tselykovka-2”的性别和年龄特征。研究对象的平均预期寿命为29.14岁,这是一个相当好的指标。婴儿死亡率为30%,这也是相对人口福利的一个指标。这个群体的男女比例不同寻常,男性占压倒性优势,几乎占15%。总的来说,我们可以讨论群体的相对人口幸福感。
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引用次数: 0
МОРФОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГОРОДСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДЕВУШЕК ДВУХ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП Г. САРАНСКА)
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/84-95
Ирина Синева, Анастасия Юдина
Introduction. The ongoing urbanization, on the one hand, promotes the unification of people of different ethnic and social groups and cultures, enriching them. On the other hand, it smoothes and even destroys cultural differences, creating multicultural communities. Questions about the similarities or differences in the morphophysiological status of the ethnically diverse population living in the same territory are of interest. The aim of the study is to analyze the morphophysiological and psychological characteristics of students of various ethnicities living in the city of Saransk (on the example of girls).Materials and methods. The work is based on the materials of a comprehensive anthropological survey of students of higher educational institutions in Saransk. Morphological (body height and weight, waist and hip girths, body components), physiological (indicators of cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, level of adaptive potential) and psychological (level of anxiety, depression, stress resistance, aggressiveness) characteristics of girls of different ethnicity (East Slavic ethnic groups, Mordovains and mixed origin) were evaluated. The total number of participants – 107, aged 17 – 21.Results. According to the average values of morphological signs, the girls of Saransk do not differ from their peers from Europe and North America, and according to physiological indicators they correspond to the established norms. The value of the adaptive potential corresponds to the functional stress. The level of anxiety, depression and aggressiveness can be assessed as average, and according to the indicator of stress resistance, the girls of Saransk belong to the category «propensity to type A» (instability to stress is often manifested). There were no statistically significant differences in morphofunctional and psychological indicators between groups of girls of different ethnic origin.Conclusion. Due to the absence of statistically significant differences in the studied characteristics between groups of girls of different ethnic origin, the identified features can be considered as regional. To exclude the possible influence of the socio-economic heterogeneity of the group on morphophysiological features, it is necessary to expand the research program with a detailed questionnaire.
介绍。正在进行的城市化,一方面促进了不同民族、社会群体和文化的人们的统一,丰富了他们。另一方面,它消除甚至摧毁了文化差异,创造了多元文化社区。生活在同一领土上的不同种族人口的形态生理状况的相似或不同的问题令人感兴趣。该研究的目的是分析生活在萨兰斯克市的不同种族学生的形态、生理和心理特征(以女孩为例)。材料和方法。这项工作是基于对萨兰斯克高等教育机构学生的全面人类学调查的材料。对不同民族(东斯拉夫民族、莫尔多瓦民族和混合血统)女孩的形态特征(身高体重、腰臀围、身体组成)、生理特征(心血管、呼吸和肌肉骨骼系统指标、适应潜能水平)和心理特征(焦虑、抑郁、应激抵抗、攻击性水平)进行了评价。参与者总人数- 107人,年龄17 - 21岁。从形态标志的平均值来看,萨兰斯克的女孩与欧洲和北美的同龄人没有什么不同,从生理指标来看,她们符合既定的规范。适应电位的取值与功能应力相对应。焦虑、抑郁和攻击性的水平可以评估为平均水平,根据抗压力指标,萨兰斯克女孩属于“A型倾向”类别(经常表现出对压力的不稳定)。不同民族女孩的形态功能指标和心理指标在不同民族女孩群体间差异无统计学意义。由于所研究的特征在不同民族女孩群体之间没有统计学上的显著差异,因此可以认为所识别的特征具有地域性。为了排除该群体的社会经济异质性对形态生理特征的可能影响,有必要通过详细的问卷调查来扩大研究计划。
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引用次数: 0
ДИНАМИКА ВО ВРЕМЕНИ ПРОЦЕССОВ РОСТА И РАЗВИТИЯ БЕЛОРУССКИХ ДЕТЕЙ ПЕРВЫХ ТРЕХ ЛЕТ ЖИЗНИ (1993–2013 ГОДЫ)
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/72-83
Юлия Боом
In the city of Baranovichi (Brest Region), from 2008 to 2016, the author of the present article conducted a longitudinal study on the physical development of children from birth to three years, born in 1993–1994, 2003–2004 and 2013. The purpose of the study is to identify the nature of changes over a 20-year period (from 1993 to 2013) of the main indicators of the physical development of children in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis. The object of the study consists of 599 children of both sexes (303 boys and 296 girls). The indicators of body length and weight (from birth to 3 years), as well as the head and chest circumference (up to 1 year) were assessed. Anthropometric data were taken from the medical records of the children’s city polyclinic No.1 in Baranovichi (Brest Region, Belarus). With a gradual improvement in the economic status of the country from 1993 to 2013, an increase in body length was observed in children of both sexes (p<0,01) with a relatively stable body weight. The head and chest circumferences became smaller, and in some age periods (from 3 to 9 months) the changes reached a statistically significant level (p<0,001–0,05). Children born in 2003–2004 differ from the others in lower indicators of physical development, especially of the head and chest circumference. It can be assumed that the economic, social and environmental troubles of the country in the 1990s. negatively affected the formation of the organism of children not only at the most ecosensitive early stage of ontogenesis, but also in adolescence, and a decade later, in the next generation, this was accompanied by a significant reduction in girth body dimensions due to the gracilization of the skeleton.
本文作者于2008年至2016年在巴拉诺维奇市(布雷斯特地区)对1993-1994年、2003-2004年和2013年出生的儿童从出生到3岁的身体发育进行了纵向研究。该研究的目的是确定20年间(1993年至2013年)出生后个体发育早期阶段儿童身体发育主要指标变化的性质。研究对象包括599名男女儿童(303名男孩和296名女孩)。评估新生儿的体长、体重指标(从出生到3岁)以及头围、胸围指标(直到1岁)。人体测量数据取自白俄罗斯布列斯特地区巴拉诺维奇市第一儿童综合医院的医疗记录。1993 - 2013年,随着国家经济状况的逐步改善,男女儿童体长均有所增加(p< 0.01),体重相对稳定。头围和胸围变小,在某些年龄段(3 ~ 9个月)变化达到统计学显著水平(p< 0.001 ~ 0.05)。2003-2004年出生的孩子在身体发育指标上与其他孩子不同,尤其是头围和胸围。可以认为,在20世纪90年代,这个国家的经济、社会和环境问题。负面影响儿童机体的形成不仅在最生态敏感的早期个体发育阶段,而且在青春期,十年后,在下一代,这伴随着一个显着的减少,由于骨骼的纤瘦化。
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引用次数: 0
ХРОНИКА. IX БУНАКОВСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.33876/2782-5000/2022-3-3/96-112
М С Герасимова, Наталья Лейбова, Наталья Федоровна Харламова
The scientific conference «Evolutionary continuum of the genus Homo», dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the birth of Viktor Valerianovich Bunak (IX Bunak’s Readings), was held on October 18–20, 2021 in Moscow. The organizers were the Center for Physical Anthropology of the IEA RAS, the K.A. Timiryazev State Biological Museum and D.N. Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow State University. The article provides a brief overview of the conference. It is emphasized that V.V. Bunak creative thinking sets an extremely broad framework for discussing the problems of modern physical anthropology, and the topics of the reports during IX Bunak’s Readings demonstrated it.
为纪念维克多·瓦列里亚诺维奇·布纳克诞辰130周年(第九次布纳克读物),于2021年10月18日至20日在莫斯科举行了“人属的进化连续体”科学会议。组织者是国际能源署RAS体质人类学中心、K.A. Timiryazev国家生物博物馆和莫斯科国立大学D.N. Anuchin研究所和人类学博物馆。这篇文章简要概述了这次会议。本文强调,布纳克的创造性思维为讨论现代体质人类学问题提供了一个极其广泛的框架,而布纳克阅读报告的主题也证明了这一点。
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引用次数: 1
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Rossiiskii seismologicheskii zhurnal
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