Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5928
Hella Citra, Febria Sartika
NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training)is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators used to assess the level of vulnerability of the young population aged 15-24 in terms of unemployment, school dropout, and labor-market despair. According to BPS data, 195,380 people in West Sumatra Province (20.5 percent) became NEET in 2020. Nationally, West Sumatra's NEET rate is ranked the 13th highest. This study aims to determine the general description and determinants that cause a person to have the opportunity to become a NEET in West Sumatra using Sakernas data in 2020. The analysis method used is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with a binary logistic regression model. The results showed that, with a 99 percent confidence level, the variables that significantly affect a person's status as NEET are age, disability, marital status, education, skills, work experience, education of the head of the household, number of children, presence of toddlers or elderly, presence of working household members, and the perceived impact of COVID-19. People with disabilities are six times more at risk of becoming NEET than those without disabilities. Meanwhile, gender status and location of residence do not affect a person's status as a NEET. In contrast to other provinces where women are more likely to become NEET, West Sumatera's unique matrilineal system means that gender has no bearing on a person's NEET status.
{"title":"Determinants of NEET in Matrilineal Province of West Sumatra During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Hella Citra, Febria Sartika","doi":"10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5928","url":null,"abstract":"NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training)is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators used to assess the level of vulnerability of the young population aged 15-24 in terms of unemployment, school dropout, and labor-market despair. According to BPS data, 195,380 people in West Sumatra Province (20.5 percent) became NEET in 2020. Nationally, West Sumatra's NEET rate is ranked the 13th highest. This study aims to determine the general description and determinants that cause a person to have the opportunity to become a NEET in West Sumatra using Sakernas data in 2020. The analysis method used is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with a binary logistic regression model. The results showed that, with a 99 percent confidence level, the variables that significantly affect a person's status as NEET are age, disability, marital status, education, skills, work experience, education of the head of the household, number of children, presence of toddlers or elderly, presence of working household members, and the perceived impact of COVID-19. People with disabilities are six times more at risk of becoming NEET than those without disabilities. Meanwhile, gender status and location of residence do not affect a person's status as a NEET. In contrast to other provinces where women are more likely to become NEET, West Sumatera's unique matrilineal system means that gender has no bearing on a person's NEET status.","PeriodicalId":52683,"journal":{"name":"Humanisma Journal of Gender Studies","volume":"433 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78770340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5822
Toni Kurniawan, Anna Zakiah Derajat
Cases of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools are currently a public concern. The existence of vulnerability to women as victims of criminal acts of sexual violence is caused by several factors, such as the occurrence of power relations in the pesantren environment. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the construction of sexuality, social, knowledge, and power relations that have an important influence on the persistence of patriarchal discourse in society, especially in religious education institutions or Islamic boarding schools. In analyzing the problems in this study, the author uses Michel Foucault's theory of power relations with the literature study data search method. The results show that asymmetric power relations are formed and abused to carry out various acts of sexual violence that are controlled under various pretexts of the principle of obedience that must be carried out by a santri against his kiai, gus, or ustaz. In addition, various forms of religious norms, stereotypes, and stigmatization that exist also perpetuate the power of knowledge that is used as a tool for sexual harassment in Islamic boarding schools. For this reason, various efforts are needed to prevent acts of sexual violence, such as the existence of sexual education in the pesantren curriculum, the post for complaints of sexual violence, and the role of national and regional governments to oversee the case. In this case, the ratification of the TPKS Law can also provide fresh air to ensnare perpetrators of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools.
{"title":"Tpks Law as an Effort to Prevent Relations of Power in Sexual Violence in Religious Education Institutions","authors":"Toni Kurniawan, Anna Zakiah Derajat","doi":"10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5822","url":null,"abstract":"Cases of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools are currently a public concern. The existence of vulnerability to women as victims of criminal acts of sexual violence is caused by several factors, such as the occurrence of power relations in the pesantren environment. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the construction of sexuality, social, knowledge, and power relations that have an important influence on the persistence of patriarchal discourse in society, especially in religious education institutions or Islamic boarding schools. In analyzing the problems in this study, the author uses Michel Foucault's theory of power relations with the literature study data search method. The results show that asymmetric power relations are formed and abused to carry out various acts of sexual violence that are controlled under various pretexts of the principle of obedience that must be carried out by a santri against his kiai, gus, or ustaz. In addition, various forms of religious norms, stereotypes, and stigmatization that exist also perpetuate the power of knowledge that is used as a tool for sexual harassment in Islamic boarding schools. For this reason, various efforts are needed to prevent acts of sexual violence, such as the existence of sexual education in the pesantren curriculum, the post for complaints of sexual violence, and the role of national and regional governments to oversee the case. In this case, the ratification of the TPKS Law can also provide fresh air to ensnare perpetrators of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools.","PeriodicalId":52683,"journal":{"name":"Humanisma Journal of Gender Studies","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86396924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5951
Nigus Michael Gebreyohannes, Abiye Daniel Ambachew
This article examines the exploitation of women, nature, and certain other oppressed groups in Fartumo Kusow’s novel, Tale of a Boon’s Wifeusing an ecofeminist literary approach.The novel tackles a number of contemporary Somalia-related concerns. It addresses topics including sociocultural factors, the strongly ingrained patriarchal system, the effects of war and violence, the issues associated with environmental disasters, etc. Thus, exploring this novel from an ecofeminism perspective will show how the writer addressed gender injustice, environmental crises, and various types of dominance and exploitation rooted in their societies. To extract relevant data from the novel, a close reading was done. Then, a textual analysis was employed to analyze the extracted texts. Therefore, based on the analysis made, the novel significantly portrays the deep-rooted patriarchal system in Somalia. Women and girls are especially vulnerable to both domestic and public abuse. The novel also demonstrates that continued war and conflict, and drought have a direct and indirect impact on women, children, farmers, animals, and the natural environment. It also shows that war and instability create a good situation for those military officials and members to subjugate women and control vast amounts of fertile land for their own personal gain by displacing poor farmers. Furthermore, the novel has portrayed discrimination based on clan and class differences in its impact on women and other subordinate groups. On the other hand, it portrays Idil, the main character, resisting all these differences and giving value to all humans, animals, and the natural environment, including the land. Finally, the author has put all these unprivileged groups together: women, children, animals, farmers, and the natural environment, including the land, in one category to show how they are mistreated and exploited simultaneously by powerful men.
{"title":"An Ecofeminist Analysis of Fartuma Kusow’s Tale of A Boon’s Wife","authors":"Nigus Michael Gebreyohannes, Abiye Daniel Ambachew","doi":"10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5951","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the exploitation of women, nature, and certain other oppressed groups in Fartumo Kusow’s novel, Tale of a Boon’s Wifeusing an ecofeminist literary approach.The novel tackles a number of contemporary Somalia-related concerns. It addresses topics including sociocultural factors, the strongly ingrained patriarchal system, the effects of war and violence, the issues associated with environmental disasters, etc. Thus, exploring this novel from an ecofeminism perspective will show how the writer addressed gender injustice, environmental crises, and various types of dominance and exploitation rooted in their societies. To extract relevant data from the novel, a close reading was done. Then, a textual analysis was employed to analyze the extracted texts. Therefore, based on the analysis made, the novel significantly portrays the deep-rooted patriarchal system in Somalia. Women and girls are especially vulnerable to both domestic and public abuse. The novel also demonstrates that continued war and conflict, and drought have a direct and indirect impact on women, children, farmers, animals, and the natural environment. It also shows that war and instability create a good situation for those military officials and members to subjugate women and control vast amounts of fertile land for their own personal gain by displacing poor farmers. Furthermore, the novel has portrayed discrimination based on clan and class differences in its impact on women and other subordinate groups. On the other hand, it portrays Idil, the main character, resisting all these differences and giving value to all humans, animals, and the natural environment, including the land. Finally, the author has put all these unprivileged groups together: women, children, animals, farmers, and the natural environment, including the land, in one category to show how they are mistreated and exploited simultaneously by powerful men. ","PeriodicalId":52683,"journal":{"name":"Humanisma Journal of Gender Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86407185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5573
A. Khan, Rasel Hussain, Md. Mizanur Rahman
In any society, the analysis of gender must include ‘men and masculinities’. But ‘men and masculinities’ as research attention is relatively underdeveloped in Bangladesh. This article provides an overview of the current studies on ‘men and masculinities’ in Bangladesh. Using Pub Med and Google Scholar databases, 37 closely relevant full-text documents were reviewed. This review uncovers that the ideal/hegemonic version of Bangladeshi masculinity is predominantly constructed/epitomized, amongst others, as being the provider, powerful, physically strong, good sexual performer, and having the ability to control wife. Across studies, the discourses, narratives, and practices of various masculinities in Bangladesh are expressed in the context of religion, migration, sexuality, fatherhood, suicide, violence, women empowerment, sports, and marginality. In some cases, the ideal/hegemonic version of Bangladeshi masculinity encounters serious tensions, ambiguities, resistances, and contestations. Alternative masculine discourses and narratives which reject and resist hegemonic masculine ideals and practices were also noted. This review ends with a call for a future research direction.
{"title":"Pathways to the Studies on Men and Masculinities in Bangladesh","authors":"A. Khan, Rasel Hussain, Md. Mizanur Rahman","doi":"10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v6i2.5573","url":null,"abstract":"In any society, the analysis of gender must include ‘men and masculinities’. But ‘men and masculinities’ as research attention is relatively underdeveloped in Bangladesh. This article provides an overview of the current studies on ‘men and masculinities’ in Bangladesh. Using Pub Med and Google Scholar databases, 37 closely relevant full-text documents were reviewed. This review uncovers that the ideal/hegemonic version of Bangladeshi masculinity is predominantly constructed/epitomized, amongst others, as being the provider, powerful, physically strong, good sexual performer, and having the ability to control wife. Across studies, the discourses, narratives, and practices of various masculinities in Bangladesh are expressed in the context of religion, migration, sexuality, fatherhood, suicide, violence, women empowerment, sports, and marginality. In some cases, the ideal/hegemonic version of Bangladeshi masculinity encounters serious tensions, ambiguities, resistances, and contestations. Alternative masculine discourses and narratives which reject and resist hegemonic masculine ideals and practices were also noted. This review ends with a call for a future research direction.","PeriodicalId":52683,"journal":{"name":"Humanisma Journal of Gender Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89682037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5253
Tyka Rahman
This paper aimed to discuss social representation of women in the bureaucratic system. The more modern the society is, the wider the space for women is to access various things, for instance, education, economic resources, and positions in workplace. This study focused on how women's accessibility for the positions relating to decision-making. This accessibility revealed how well women re able to play a role in constructing their social world. This study used Serge Moscovici’s Social Representation theory as the analysis tool. Social Representation is a derived theory from the concept of Collective Consciousness created by Emile Durkheim. Moscovici's Social Representation Theory revealed how individual knowledge system shaped by cultural and religious structures influences in making choices and acting to confront social reality. A qualitative approach was used to determine social representation of women on the bureaucratic system. This study analyzed women’s knowledge system which contested with community norms in order to maintain embeddesness to their collective. The social representation of women was the result of negotiation and contestation of knowledge system and individual consciousness with social norms.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas representasi sosial perempuan pada sistem birokrasi. Semakin modern masyarakat, semakin luas ruang bagi perempuan untuk mengakses berbagai hal, akses terhadap pendidikan, sumber daya ekonomi, dan posisi di ruang kerja. Studi ini berfokus pada aksesibilitas perempuan pada posisi yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan. Aksesibilitas ini akan mengungkap seberapa mampu perempuan berperan dalam membangun dunia sosialnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Representasi Sosial, Serge Moscovici untuk alat analisis. Teori Representasi Sosial merupakan teori turunan dari konsep Kesadaran Kolektif Emile Durkheim. Teori Representasi Sosial, Moscovici mengungkap sistem pengetahuan individu dibentuk oleh struktur budaya dan agama, sehingga mempengaruhinya dalam membuat pilihan dan menghadapi realitas sosial. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui representasi sosial perempuan pada sistem birokrasi. Studi ini menganalis sistem pengetahuan perempuan berkontestasi dengan norma masyarakat demi menjaga keterlekatan dengan kolektifnya. Representasi sosial perempuan merupakan hasil negosiasi dan kontestasi sistem pengetahuan dan kesadaran individu (individual consciousness) dengan norma sosial
本文旨在探讨女性在官僚体制中的社会代表性。社会越现代化，女性获得各种事物的空间就越宽，例如教育、经济资源和职场地位。本研究的重点是女性在决策相关职位上的可及性。这种可接近性揭示了女性在构建自己的社交世界中发挥作用的能力。本研究使用谢尔盖·莫斯科维奇的社会表征理论作为分析工具。社会表征理论是由涂尔干的“集体意识”概念衍生而来。莫斯科维奇的社会表征理论揭示了受文化和宗教结构影响的个人知识体系如何影响人们面对社会现实的选择和行动。采用了定性方法来确定妇女在官僚制度中的社会代表性。本研究分析了女性的知识体系与社区规范的竞争，以保持其对集体的嵌入性。女性的社会代表性是知识体系、个体意识与社会规范相互博弈的结果。图里萨尼·贝图胡安·乌图克成员在社会永久政治体系中具有代表性。Semakin modern masyarakat, Semakin luas ruang bagi perempuan untuk mengakses berbagai hal, akses terhadap pendidikan, sumber daya economics, dan posisi di ruang kerja。研究焦点的变化与变化的关系，研究焦点的变化与变化，研究焦点的变化。Aksesibilitas ini akan mengungkap seberapa mampu perempuan berperan dalam membanguan dunia social。Penelitian ini menggunakan teori代表社会，Serge Moscovici untuk警告分析。迪尔凯姆:社会主义代表，社会主义代表，社会主义代表，社会主义代表。特奥里代表社会，莫斯科，孟哈达普系统，彭格塔环个人，dibentuk olektur budaya danagama, sehinga mempengaruhinya dalam成员，pilihan dan menghadapi realitas social。Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui代表了一种社会常住系统的birokrasi。彭格塔环的动态分析系统的研究:动态分析系统、动态分析系统、动态分析系统。代表社会常识性，代表社会常识性，代表社会常识性，代表社会常识性
{"title":"The Social Representation of Women in Bukittinggi Goverment in the Construction of Collective Conciousness","authors":"Tyka Rahman","doi":"10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5253","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aimed to discuss social representation of women in the bureaucratic system. The more modern the society is, the wider the space for women is to access various things, for instance, education, economic resources, and positions in workplace. This study focused on how women's accessibility for the positions relating to decision-making. This accessibility revealed how well women re able to play a role in constructing their social world. This study used Serge Moscovici’s Social Representation theory as the analysis tool. Social Representation is a derived theory from the concept of Collective Consciousness created by Emile Durkheim. Moscovici's Social Representation Theory revealed how individual knowledge system shaped by cultural and religious structures influences in making choices and acting to confront social reality. A qualitative approach was used to determine social representation of women on the bureaucratic system. This study analyzed women’s knowledge system which contested with community norms in order to maintain embeddesness to their collective. The social representation of women was the result of negotiation and contestation of knowledge system and individual consciousness with social norms.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas representasi sosial perempuan pada sistem birokrasi. Semakin modern masyarakat, semakin luas ruang bagi perempuan untuk mengakses berbagai hal, akses terhadap pendidikan, sumber daya ekonomi, dan posisi di ruang kerja. Studi ini berfokus pada aksesibilitas perempuan pada posisi yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan. Aksesibilitas ini akan mengungkap seberapa mampu perempuan berperan dalam membangun dunia sosialnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Representasi Sosial, Serge Moscovici untuk alat analisis. Teori Representasi Sosial merupakan teori turunan dari konsep Kesadaran Kolektif Emile Durkheim. Teori Representasi Sosial, Moscovici mengungkap sistem pengetahuan individu dibentuk oleh struktur budaya dan agama, sehingga mempengaruhinya dalam membuat pilihan dan menghadapi realitas sosial. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui representasi sosial perempuan pada sistem birokrasi. Studi ini menganalis sistem pengetahuan perempuan berkontestasi dengan norma masyarakat demi menjaga keterlekatan dengan kolektifnya. Representasi sosial perempuan merupakan hasil negosiasi dan kontestasi sistem pengetahuan dan kesadaran individu (individual consciousness) dengan norma sosial","PeriodicalId":52683,"journal":{"name":"Humanisma Journal of Gender Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91041393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5406
M. Ichwan, Faizal Amin
This study explores Quraish Shihab's interpretation of gender equality issues, such as equality in creation, marriage, prophethood, the role of women in the public world, and others. This research uses the library research method, and the first and primary source is Tafsir al-Misbah. Operationally, the researchers readvarious literature written by scholars, both East and West, on the concept of gender from the perspective of feminism. Then, the researchers read the Tafsir al-Misbah on the same theme. Does feminist thought influence Quraish Shihab's interpretation or not? This research finds that according to Quraish Shihab, the issue of gender equality in the Qur'an must be understood proportionally, unlike gender practitioners who interpret the Qur'an excessively and seem to impose their will. Quraish Shihab argues that men and women are naturally different both physically and psychologically. Both also have equality in terms of humanity and rights. Women have advantages that men do not have and vice versa. Both need each other.Kajian ini mengeksplorasi interpretasi Quraish Shihab terhadap isu-isu kesetaraan gender, seperti kesetaraan dalam penciptaan, perkawinan, kenabian, peran perempuan di dunia publik, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan, dan sumber pertama dan utama adalah Tafsir al-Misbah. Secara operasional, peneliti membaca berbagai literatur yang ditulis oleh para sarjana, baik Timur maupun Barat, tentang konsep gender dari perspektif feminisme. Kemudian peneliti membacakan Tafsir al-Misbah dengan tema yang sama. Apakah pemikiran feminis mempengaruhi penafsiran Quraish Shihab atau tidak? Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa menurut Quraish Shihab, persoalan kesetaraan gender dalam Al-Qur'an harus dipahami secara proporsional, tidak seperti praktisi gender yang menafsirkan Al-Qur'an secara berlebihan dan terkesan memaksakan kehendaknya. Quraish Shihab berpendapat bahwa laki-laki dan perempuan secara alamiah berbeda baik secara fisik maupun psikis. Keduanya juga memiliki kesetaraan dalam hal kemanusiaan dan hak. Wanita memiliki kelebihan yang tidak dimiliki pria dan sebaliknya. Keduanya saling membutuhkan.
本研究探讨了Quraish Shihab对性别平等问题的解释，如创造、婚姻、先知身份、女性在公共世界中的角色等方面的平等。本研究采用图书馆研究方法，主要资料来源为Tafsir al-Misbah。在操作上，研究人员从女性主义的角度阅读了东西方学者关于性别概念的各种文献。然后，研究人员阅读了同样主题的Tafsir al-Misbah。女权主义思想是否影响了古莱什·希哈卜的诠释?本研究发现，根据古莱什什叶派，古兰经中的性别平等问题必须按比例理解，不像性别实践者过度解释古兰经，似乎强加自己的意志。Quraish Shihab认为男人和女人在生理和心理上都是天生不同的。两者在人性和权利上也是平等的。女人有男人没有的优势，反之亦然。双方都需要对方。Kajian ini mengeksplorasi interpretasi quuraish Shihab terhadap isu-isu kesetaraan gender, seperti kesetaraan dalam penciptaan, perkawinan, kenabian, peran perempuan di duunia publick, dan lain-lain。Penelitian ini menggunakan mede Penelitian kepustakaan, dan number pertama dan utama adalah Tafsir al-Misbah。Secara operation, peneliti membaca berbagai literature, yang ditulis oleh para sarjana, baik Timur maupun Barat, tentang konsep性别透视女性主义。Kemudian peneliti成员Tafsir al-Misbah dengan tema yang sama。Apakah pemikiran女性，mempengaruhi penafsiran Quraish Shihab atau tidak?Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa menurut Quraish Shihab, personalankeetaraan gender dalam al -古兰经harus dipahami secara proporsional, tidak perti praktisi gender yang menafsirkan al -古兰经secara berlebihan和terkesan memaksakan kehendaknya。Quraish Shihab berpendapat bahwa laki-laki dan perempuan secara alamiah berbeda baik secara fisik maupun psikis。Keduanya juga memiliki kesetaraan dalam hal kemanusiaan dan hak。万妮塔·梅利利奇·凯勒比汉·扬达克·迪米利奇·普里亚·丹·塞巴利尼亚。Keduanya saling membutuhkan。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5307
A. Gaffar
Indonesian Ahmadiyya community (Jamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI)) in Lombok has taken refuge in Transito Dormitory in Mataram since 2006. Therefore, it is interesting to see how Ahmadi women experienced expulsion and fled to Transito Dormitory due to the differences in Ahmadiyya beliefs regarding Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as a prophet. This study aimed to observe the punishment and discipline they endured during expulsion and refuge in Transito Dormitory. This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and Michael Foucault's theory of punish and discipline. The results of this study revealed that Ahmadi women who took refuge in Transito Dormitory had difficulties in carrying out family functions. They had difficulties in managing all the household needs with limited facility. They were lack of water for cooking, washing, and other needs. This paper also showed that Ahmadi women who took refuge in Transito Dormitory experienced punishment and discipline through limited access and strict control mechanisms that forced them not to leave Transito Dormitory in MataramJamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia Lombok telah mengungsi di Asrama Transito Mataram sejak tahun 2006. Oleh karena itu, menarik untuk dilihat bagaimana perempuan Ahmadiyah mengalami pengusiran hingga mengungsi di Asrama Transito Mataram karena perbedaan keyakinan Jamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia mengenai Mirza Ghulam Ahmad sebagai nabi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penghukuman dan pendisiplinan yang mereka alami selama mengalami pengusiran dan pengalaman mengungsi di Asrama Transito. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dan teori penghukuman dan pendisiplinan Michael Foucault. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa perempuan Ahmadiyah yang mengungsi di Asrama Transito mengalami kesulitan dalam menjalankan fungsi-fungsi keluarga, kesulitan dalam mengelola semua kebutuhan rumah tangga dengan fasilitas yang terbatas. Kekurangan air untuk memasak, mencuci dan kebutuhan lain. Tulisan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Perempuan Ahmadiyah yang mengungsi di Asrama Transito mengalami penghukuman dan pendisiplinan melalui akses-akses yang serba terbatas serta mekanisme kontrol yang ketat yang memaksa mereka tidak bisa keluar dari Asrama Transito Mataram.
自2006年以来，龙目岛的印尼艾哈迈迪亚教派(Jamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia, JAI)一直在马塔兰的Transito宿舍避难。因此，有趣的是，艾哈迈迪妇女如何经历驱逐，并逃到Transito宿舍，因为艾哈迈迪亚信仰的差异，米尔扎Ghulam艾哈迈德是先知。本研究旨在观察他们在特兰西托宿舍被驱逐和避难期间所遭受的惩罚和纪律。本研究采用现象学的定性方法和福柯的惩罚与纪律理论。这项研究的结果显示，在Transito宿舍避难的艾哈迈迪妇女在履行家庭职能方面有困难。在设备有限的情况下，他们难以满足家庭的所有需求。他们缺乏做饭、洗衣和其他需要的水。这篇论文也显示，在Transito宿舍避难的Ahmadi女性会受到惩罚和纪律约束，限制进入，严格的控制机制迫使她们不能离开MataramJamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia的Transito宿舍，龙目telah mengungsi di Asrama Transito Mataram sejak tahun 2006。印度尼西亚，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印尼，印度，印尼，印尼，印度，印尼，印度，印度，印度，印度，印度，印度，印度，印度，印度，印度，印度Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihan penhukuman dan pendiplplinan yang mereka alami selama mengalami pengusiran dan pengalaman mengungsi di Asrama Transito。对福柯的理论进行了分析，认为他的方法是质量论，是现象学。哈西尔penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa perempuan Ahmadiyah yang mengungisi di Asrama transto mengalami kesulitan dalam menjalankan真菌-真菌- keluarga, kesulitan dalam mengelola semua kebutuhan rumah tangan fasilitas yang terbatas。克库兰干空气，克库兰干空气，克库兰干空气。图里桑尼juga menunjukkan bahwa Perempuan Ahmadiyah yang mengungsi di Asrama Transito mengalami penghukuman dan pendispliinan melalui akses-akses yang serba terbatas serta mekanisme control yang ketat yang memaksa mereka tiak bisa keluar dari Asrama Transito Mataram。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5228
Haimanot Minwuye Adam, Alemu Azmerawu, S. Awoke
The empowerment has become a common component of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions. However, there is limited evidence on whether access to and utilization of WASH facilities have contributed to the empowerment of women. This study aimed to understand the empowerment effect of women’s access to hygiene and utilization status in selected rural areas of Gozamin and Machakel districts in the East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. The analyses were conducted based on responses from 325 married women selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Gologit2 was used to estimate the correlation between women’s access to hygiene and utilization level and their empowerment status. The gologit2 estimation identified hygiene utilization to have a statistically significant association with women empowerment in terms of self-esteem, household decision-making, and participation in rural health extension activities. A woman with a high hygiene utilization level was 2.5 times more likely to be empowered than a woman with low hygiene utilization level was. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between women’s access to hygiene and their empowerment status. It showed that the mere presence of hygiene facilities did not empower women unless these were actually utilized. Therefore, the researcher recommended that the government strengthen its work to promote and monitor women’s hygiene utilization in addition to the availability of hygiene facilities in the household. Pemberdayaan telah menjadi bagian komponen umum dari air, sanitasi, dan kebersihan (WASH). Namun, ada bukti terbatas tentang apakah akses dan pemanfaatan fasilitas WASH telah berkontribusi pada pemberdayaan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh pemberdayaan akses perempuan terhadap status kebersihan dan pemanfaatan di daerah pedesaan terpilih di distrik Gozamin dan Machakel di Zona Gojjam Timur Ethiopia. Analisis kami didasarkan pada tanggapan dari 325 wanita menikah yang dipilih melalui teknik sampling cluster multi-stage. Gologit2 digunakan untuk memperkirakan hubungan antara akses perempuan ke tingkat kebersihan dan pemanfaatan dan status pemberdayaan mereka. Estimasi gologit2 mengidentifikasi pemanfaatan kebersihan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dengan pemberdayaan perempuan dalam hal harga diri, pengambilan keputusan rumah tangga, dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan pedesaan. Wanita dengan tingkat pemanfaatan higiene yang tinggi memiliki kemungkinan 2,5 kali lebih besar untuk diberdayakan dibandingkan dengan wanita dengan tingkat pemanfaatan higiene yang rendah. Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara akses perempuan terhadap kebersihan dan status pemberdayaannya, yang menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan fasilitas kebersihan saja tidak memberdayakan perempuan kecuali jika fasilitas tersebut benar-benar dimanfaatkan. Kami, oleh karena itu; merekomendasikan agar pemerintah mempe
赋权已成为水、环境卫生和个人卫生(WASH)干预措施的一个共同组成部分。然而，关于获得和利用WASH设施是否有助于赋予妇女权力的证据有限。本研究旨在了解埃塞俄比亚东Gojjam地区Gozamin和Machakel地区选定农村地区妇女获得卫生和利用状况的赋权效应。通过多阶段整群抽样技术，对325名已婚妇女的回答进行了分析。使用Gologit2来估计妇女获得卫生和利用水平与其赋权状况之间的相关性。地质学家的估计发现，卫生利用与妇女在自尊、家庭决策和参与农村卫生推广活动方面的赋权有统计学上的显著关联。卫生利用水平高的妇女获得权力的可能性是卫生利用水平低的妇女的2.5倍。然而，在统计上没有发现妇女获得卫生设施与她们的赋权状况之间有显著的相关性。它表明，卫生设施的存在并不能赋予妇女权力，除非这些设施得到实际利用。因此，研究人员建议政府加强工作，促进和监测妇女的卫生利用，以及家庭卫生设施的可用性。Pemberdayaan telah menjadi bagian komponen umum dari air, sanitasi, dan kebersihan (WASH)Namun, ada bukti terbatas tentang apakah akses dan pmanfaatan和fasilitas WASH telah berkontribusi pada pemberdayaan和perempuan。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh pemberdayaan aks perpermanan terhadap status kebersihan dan pmanfaatan di daerah pedesaan terpilih di distrik Gozamin dan Machakel di Zona Gojjam Timur埃塞俄比亚。分析kami didasarkan pada tanggapan dari 325 wanita menikah yang dipilih melaluik抽样聚类多阶段。地质学家digunakan untuk成员perkirakan hubungan antara akses perempuan ke tingkat kebersihan dan pmanfaatan dan status pemberdayaan mereka。估计的地质学家2个mengidentifikasi pemanfaatan kebersihan memiliki hubungan yang意义重大的地质统计，dengan pemberdayaan perempuan dalam hal harga diri, pengambilan keputusan rumah tanga, dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan pedesaan。万尼塔，丹丹，丹丹，丹丹，丹丹，杨丹，杨丹，杨丹，杨丹，杨丹，杨丹，杨丹，杨丹。Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signfikan secara statistics antara akses pereman terhadap kebersihan dan status pemberdayaannya, yang menunjukkan bahwa keberadan and fasilitas kebersihan saja tidak memberdayakan perempuan kecuali jika fasilitas tersebut benar-benar dimanfaatkan。Kami, oleh karena itu;Merekomendasikan AGAR pemerintah member perkuat pekerjaannya untuk mempromosikan Dan memantau pmanfaatan kebersihan oleh perempuan selain ketersedian and fasilitas kebersihan di rumah tangga。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5345
Milda Longgeita Pinem
This research aimed to understand the breastfeeding practices of mothers in Karo lands, North Sumatera, Indonesia. This research used ethnographic approach with data collection methods including participant observation, formal interviews and informal interviews. This research involved 27 participants. The research presented how Karo women's experiences of breastfeeding are influenced by three main institutional structures: the state, religion, and ethnic tradition. This study identified three essential points related to breastfeeding practices in Karo lands: First, Karo mothers in the breastfeeding practice become an agency in negotiating the practical and discursive dimensions of breastfeeding in relation to the state and the church. Second, it is related to Karo culture in which mothers have a special treatment in Karo community, mostly because they are breastfeeding. Third, it is related to the continued influence of Karo culture in which the breastfeeding practice is influenced by the central figure of Karo community, i.e. the grandmother. This research provided a new knowledge about ethnic women’s experiences in the breastfeeding practice. Further, the research needs to be enriched with the experiences of voiceless women in breastfeeding practices.Studi ini bertujuan untuk memahami praktik menyusui para ibu di Tanah Karo, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Penelitian mengunakan pendekatan etnografi dengan melakukan teknik pengumpulan data seperti observasi partisipan, wawancara formal dan percakapan informal atau perbincangan sehari-hari. Penelitian melibatkan 27 informan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para ibu dipengaruhi oleh negara, agama, dan tradisi etnis. Studi mengidentifikasi tiga temuan esensial terkait dengan praktik menyusui para ibu di Tanah Karo. Pertama, para ibu menunjukkan sisi agensi atau kemandirian terkait praktik menyusui khususnya di hadapan kebijakan negara dan agama. Kedua, terkait dengan kultur Karo, para ibu memperoleh perlakuan yang istimewa, khususnya karena sedang menyusui. Ketiga, masih terkait dengan kultur Karo, praktik menyusui para ibu dipengaruhi oleh figur sentral yakni nenek. Studi ini memperkaya kajian terkait pengalaman perempuan dengan latar belakang etnisitas. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilanjutkan dan diperkaya khususnya terkait dengan pengalaman perempuan marginal atau minoritas dalam hal praktik menyusui.
本研究旨在了解印度尼西亚北苏门答腊卡罗地母亲的母乳喂养做法。本研究采用民族志方法，资料收集方法包括参与观察、正式访谈和非正式访谈。这项研究涉及27名参与者。该研究展示了卡罗妇女的母乳喂养经历如何受到三种主要制度结构的影响:国家、宗教和民族传统。本研究确定了与卡罗地区母乳喂养实践相关的三个要点:首先，母乳喂养实践中的卡罗母亲成为与国家和教会就母乳喂养的实践和话语维度进行谈判的机构。其次，这与卡罗文化有关，在卡罗社区，母亲受到特殊待遇，主要是因为她们正在哺乳。第三，这与卡罗文化的持续影响有关，其中母乳喂养的做法受到卡罗社区中心人物，即祖母的影响。本研究为了解少数民族妇女在母乳喂养实践中的经验提供了新的认识。此外，这项研究需要丰富母乳喂养实践中没有发言权的妇女的经验。Studi ini bertujuan untuk memahami praktik menyusui para ibu di Tanah Karo，苏门答腊北部，印度尼西亚。Penelitian mengunakan pendekatan etnografi dengan melakukan teknik pengumpulan data seperti observasi partisipan, wawancara formal dan perakapan informal atau perbincangan sehari-hari。Penelitian melibatkan 27名情报员。Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para ibu dipengaruhi oleh negara, agama, dan tradisi etnis。研究了植物生长发育过程中植物生长发育的基本机理，并对植物生长发育过程进行了分析。Pertama, para ibu menunjukkan sisi agagama，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是我的意思。克多瓦，特克特登坎文化卡罗，帕尔布姆佩洛莱，帕尔克拉坎扬，帕尔克苏斯尼亚，卡什纳，塞唐门玉水。Ketiga, masih terkait dengan文化Karo, praktik menyuui paribu dipengaruhi oleh人物中央yakni neneek。研究小组成员，卡吉安·特卡吉安·彭加拉曼，彭加雷，彭加雷和其他学者。Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilanjutkan dandiperkaya khususnya terkait dengan pengalaman perpermanan边缘少数民族dalam hal praktik menyuui。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5475
K. Dewi
This paper observes the historical, cultural, political, and social aspects of Indonesian and Thailand women to understand the progress of the women’s role and position in the two countries, especially during the democratic transition period. This is qualitative research that utilized library sources to collect information and data through various resources such as books, documents, historical books, and webistes dated back from 1970s to 2000s in Indonesia and Thailand. Although there are similarities in development programs to address women's role and position before democratization in Indonesia and Thailand as both of them mainly focused on “practical gender interests”. Interestingly, this paper reveals that during the democratic transition period, Indonesian women’s role and position in politics are one step ahead. This is due to the political stability, persistent commitment of the government to the gender equality agenda, and growing support from progressive Muslim leaders. In contrast, political turbulence due to often military coups which result in the government’s slow performance for women’s advancement combined with less support from Buddhist leaders slowed the progress of Thailand women. This paper highlights the important role of the government policy on gender equality for women’s advancement, political stability, and the role of the majority religion (Islam in Indonesia and Theravada Buddhism in Thailand) to support women's role and position in politics.Tulisan ini mengkaji aspek sejarah, budaya, politik, dan sosial perempuan Indonesia dan Thailand untuk memahami perkembangan peran dan posisi perempuan di kedua negara, terutama pada masa transisi demokrasi. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang memanfaatkan sumber perpustakaan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dan data melalui berbagai sumber seperti buku, dokumen, buku sejarah, dan situs web dari tahun 1970-an hingga 2000-an di Indonesia dan Thailand. Meskipun ada kesamaan dalam program pembangunan untuk mengatasi peran dan posisi perempuan sebelum demokratisasi di Indonesia dan Thailand karena keduanya berfokus pada “kepentingan gender praktis”. Menariknya, tulisan ini mengungkapkan bahwa selama masa transisi demokrasi peran dan posisi perempuan Indonesia dalam politik selangkah lebih maju. Hal ini disebabkan oleh stabilitas politik, komitmen pemerintah yang gigih terhadap agenda kesetaraan gender dan dukungan yang semakin besar dari para pemimpin Muslim progresif. Sebaliknya, gejolak politik akibat seringnya kudeta militer yang mengakibatkan lambatnya kinerja pemerintah untuk kemajuan perempuan ditambah dengan kurangnya dukungan para pemimpin Buddhis memperlambat kemajuan perempuan Thailand. Tulisan ini menyoroti pentingnya peran kebijakan pemerintah tentang kesetaraan gender untuk kemajuan perempuan, stabilitas politik, dan peran agama mayoritas (Islam di Indonesia dan Buddhisme Theravada di Thailand) untuk mendukung peran dan posisi perempuan dalam politik.
本文通过对印尼和泰国妇女的历史、文化、政治和社会方面的观察，了解两国妇女的角色和地位的进步，特别是在民主转型时期。这是利用图书馆资源收集印度尼西亚和泰国从20世纪70年代到21世纪初的书籍、文献、历史书籍、网站等各种资源的定性研究。尽管印尼和泰国在解决妇女在民主化前的角色和地位的发展计划中有相似之处，但它们都主要关注“实际的性别利益”。有趣的是，本文揭示了在民主转型时期，印尼妇女在政治中的角色和地位领先一步。这是由于政治稳定，政府对性别平等议程的持续承诺，以及进步的穆斯林领导人越来越多的支持。相比之下，经常发生的军事政变导致的政治动荡导致政府在妇女进步方面表现缓慢，再加上佛教领袖的支持减少，减缓了泰国妇女的进步。本文强调了政府关于性别平等的政策对妇女进步、政治稳定的重要作用，以及多数宗教(印度尼西亚的伊斯兰教和泰国的小乘佛教)在支持妇女在政治中的作用和地位方面的作用。印尼人会说印尼语、国语、政治、社会、泰国语、泰国语、印尼语、泰国语、印尼语、泰国语、印尼语、泰国语、印尼语、泰国语、印尼语、泰国语。Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif杨memanfaatkan sumber perpustakaan为她mengumpulkan informasi丹数据melalui berbagai sumber seperti buku, dokumen, buku sejarah,丹部位web达里语tahun 1970 - 2000 hingga di印尼丹泰国。Meskipun ada kesamaan dalam项目，pembangunan untuk mengatasi peran项目，以及印度尼西亚和泰国的perempuan sebelum民主项目，以及karena keduanya berokus padas“保持和性别平等”。在印尼，民主是一项伟大的事业，政治是一项伟大的事业，政治是一项伟大的事业。在“不稳定政治”的背景下，巴基斯坦的领导人认为，在穆斯林进步的进程中，巴基斯坦的性别平等和社会平等问题似乎是最重要的。Sebaliknya, gejolak politik akibat seringnya kudeta militer yang mengakibatkan lambatnya kinerja peremintah untuk kemajuan perempan ditambah dengan kurangnya dukungan parpimpin佛教成员lamat kemajuan perempuan泰国。tuisan ini menyoroti pentingnya peran kebijakan pemerintah tentenang kesetaraan gender untuk kemarjuan perempuan, stabilitas politik, dan peran agama mayoritas(印度尼西亚伊斯兰教和泰国佛教上乘佛教)untuk mendukung peran dan posisi perempuan dalam politik。
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