Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1873
Ismat Nasim, I. Chaudhry, Fatima Farooq, F. Bashir
This study aims to examine the influence of Trade Liberalization, Environmental Quality (CO2 Emission) on Services Sector Growth in some selected developing. The estimation of the study considers panel data unit root and panel data ARDL approach. The environmental quality is represented by Carbon Dioxide Emission and trade liberalization is by trade openness. The results of Panel Unit Root test summarize that Panel ARDL is the most appropriate method of estimation for having Panel Coefficient values due to mixed order of integration for developing countries. The empirical findings of model, in Developing Countries, Labor Force, Capital Stock, Trade Openness, Money Supply, Government Expenditure and Human Capital exert upward pressure on Services Value Addition while Carbon Dioxide Emission and Price Level is putting download pressure on Services Value Addition.
{"title":"Trade, Environment, Human Capital and Services Sector in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis","authors":"Ismat Nasim, I. Chaudhry, Fatima Farooq, F. Bashir","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1873","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the influence of Trade Liberalization, Environmental Quality (CO2 Emission) on Services Sector Growth in some selected developing. The estimation of the study considers panel data unit root and panel data ARDL approach. The environmental quality is represented by Carbon Dioxide Emission and trade liberalization is by trade openness. The results of Panel Unit Root test summarize that Panel ARDL is the most appropriate method of estimation for having Panel Coefficient values due to mixed order of integration for developing countries. The empirical findings of model, in Developing Countries, Labor Force, Capital Stock, Trade Openness, Money Supply, Government Expenditure and Human Capital exert upward pressure on Services Value Addition while Carbon Dioxide Emission and Price Level is putting download pressure on Services Value Addition.","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74287175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1944
A. Hameed, F. Hussain, Khawar Naheed, M. Shahid
Purpose: A company’s capital structure is a blend of its equity and debt financing and is considered a significant factor in the valuation of any firm. The decisions related to capital structure formation play an integral role for the firms, therefore; this research tends to explore the factors of capital structure and their impact on firm performance. For this purpose, financial data for different listed companies in PSX has been gathered, and dividends and taxes are used as firm external factors. Design/Methodology/Approach: To examine the impact, the panel data has been used for the period 2016-2020 and panel least square has been applied. Findings: The findings suggest that among the variables current ratio, dividends, taxation, total debt to total equity ratio, and the firm size are statistically significant to profitability. The study also concludes that dividends and tax have a greater impact on capital structure and firm performance. Implications/Originality/Value: Managers and owners of the firms must make sure that their profits are used for future investments rather than payment of debts to avoid bankruptcy.
{"title":"Influence of Capital Structure on Corporate Performance of Listed Firm in PSX: Role of External Factors","authors":"A. Hameed, F. Hussain, Khawar Naheed, M. Shahid","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1944","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: A company’s capital structure is a blend of its equity and debt financing and is considered a significant factor in the valuation of any firm. The decisions related to capital structure formation play an integral role for the firms, therefore; this research tends to explore the factors of capital structure and their impact on firm performance. For this purpose, financial data for different listed companies in PSX has been gathered, and dividends and taxes are used as firm external factors. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: To examine the impact, the panel data has been used for the period 2016-2020 and panel least square has been applied. \u0000Findings: The findings suggest that among the variables current ratio, dividends, taxation, total debt to total equity ratio, and the firm size are statistically significant to profitability. The study also concludes that dividends and tax have a greater impact on capital structure and firm performance. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: Managers and owners of the firms must make sure that their profits are used for future investments rather than payment of debts to avoid bankruptcy. ","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85146502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1962
Rabia Asif, Rabia Aslam, Humma Abid
Purpose: Electricity, being the most important resource for any organization has substantial impact on working capital. So, it is substantial to analyze the impact of acute power shortage on firm’s liquidity and profitability. As acute power shortages in the country adversely affects the performance of firms by reducing profits and enhancing working capital investment cycle, it is noteworthy to analyze the effect of electricity crisis on firm’s need for liquidity. The aim of the research is to find the impact of power outage on working capital and profitability. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using annual financial data of 102 textiles firms from 2008-2020, the study employed panel data analysis to measure the impact of acute power outage on firm’s working capital management. Findings: The results revealed that acute power shortage significantly impact working capital management in textile firms of Pakistan. So, firms must go for alternative energy sources for long-run resulting into huge savings from losses for these firms. Implications/Originality/Value: Motivated by the scarcity of empirical evidences from emerging economies and the importance of working capital efficiency, current study is the need of the day. The impact of power outages need to be explored in detail to gauge its impact on industry’s financial performance.
{"title":"An Investigation into the Impact of Power Outage on Working Capital Management in Textile Sector of Pakistan","authors":"Rabia Asif, Rabia Aslam, Humma Abid","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1962","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Electricity, being the most important resource for any organization has substantial impact on working capital. So, it is substantial to analyze the impact of acute power shortage on firm’s liquidity and profitability. As acute power shortages in the country adversely affects the performance of firms by reducing profits and enhancing working capital investment cycle, it is noteworthy to analyze the effect of electricity crisis on firm’s need for liquidity. The aim of the research is to find the impact of power outage on working capital and profitability. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: Using annual financial data of 102 textiles firms from 2008-2020, the study employed panel data analysis to measure the impact of acute power outage on firm’s working capital management. \u0000Findings: The results revealed that acute power shortage significantly impact working capital management in textile firms of Pakistan. So, firms must go for alternative energy sources for long-run resulting into huge savings from losses for these firms. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: Motivated by the scarcity of empirical evidences from emerging economies and the importance of working capital efficiency, current study is the need of the day. The impact of power outages need to be explored in detail to gauge its impact on industry’s financial performance.","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88527198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1912
Ayesha Bakhtawar, M. Adnan, Zainab
Purpose The purpose of the study seeks to proposed and test a research model that investigates impact of work-overload on employee engagement and employee psychological wellbeing via mediating role of intimidation and moderating role of spiritual leadership and organizational climate by employing moderation-mediation- moderation model Design/Methodology/Approach: The data was collected from 351 pharmaceutical employees working as sales force. The study issuing convenient sampling technique. Smart PLS-SEM was used for data analysis. Findings: The result of SEM findings revealed that spiritual leadership fails to moderate the relationship in the perspective of existing framework whereas organization climate moderates the relationship between intimidation and employee engagement, which indicates that even the intimidated employees got engaged in their work in the presence of supportive organization climate. Implications/Originality/Value: The study framework and methodology contribute in the existing literature and creates future horizons for the scholars. Longitudinal data might be valuable in future studies for establishing causal extrapolations between study variables. Future studies could benefit from incorporating cross-cultural study. Our insights can even be extended to employees in plenty of other workplaces wherein everyday organizational interactions are necessary
{"title":"Work Engagement as a Consequence of Work Overload and Intimidation: The Moderating role of Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Climate","authors":"Ayesha Bakhtawar, M. Adnan, Zainab","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1912","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of the study seeks to proposed and test a research model that investigates impact of work-overload on employee engagement and employee psychological wellbeing via mediating role of intimidation and moderating role of spiritual leadership and organizational climate by employing moderation-mediation- moderation model \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: The data was collected from 351 pharmaceutical employees working as sales force. The study issuing convenient sampling technique. Smart PLS-SEM was used for data analysis. \u0000Findings: The result of SEM findings revealed that spiritual leadership fails to moderate the relationship in the perspective of existing framework whereas organization climate moderates the relationship between intimidation and employee engagement, which indicates that even the intimidated employees got engaged in their work in the presence of supportive organization climate. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: The study framework and methodology contribute in the existing literature and creates future horizons for the scholars. Longitudinal data might be valuable in future studies for establishing causal extrapolations between study variables. Future studies could benefit from incorporating cross-cultural study. Our insights can even be extended to employees in plenty of other workplaces wherein everyday organizational interactions are necessary","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87195607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1941
M. Idrees, A. Khan, Insiya Abbas, M. Bilal
Purpose: Internal Audit Quality is relied upon to prompt top notch financial reporting to the outsiders of the businesses. Excellent financial reporting communicates in earning quality. Earning quality has been playing a key role in the capital market for quite a while. Account clients give exceptional consideration to procuring quality since they settle on their choice dependent on it. Then again, the market economy will encounter terrible, gone misfortunes if the association's exhibition isn't reflected in its income. Methodology: This examination targets researching the connection between Internal Audit Quality, a leading group of audit quality and financial reporting. Exploration information, acquired from 300 audit firms had internal audit offices. Just the selected firms met inclusion standards, to which research polls were sent. At long last, 300 surveys were affirmed as satisfactory, and were taken as exploration test. Findings: Discoveries indicated that excellent Internal Audit Quality will prompt great financial reporting. Additionally, solid top managerial staff will fortify this connection. Implications/Originality/Value: So it is concluded that all these three newspapers were mostly against the peace talks and government and media were not on the same page on the issue of peace talks. (Times New Roman 11pt including headings and text, single line spaced).
目的:依靠内部审计质量向企业外部提供一流的财务报告。优秀的财务报告体现了盈余质量。很长一段时间以来，盈余质量在资本市场上一直扮演着关键角色。帐户客户给予特殊的考虑采购质量，因为他们解决他们的选择取决于它。然而，如果协会的展览不能反映在其收入中，市场经济将会遭遇可怕的、过去的不幸。方法:本考试旨在研究内部审计质量，审计质量的领导小组和财务报告之间的联系。勘探信息，从300家审计公司获得的内部审计办公室。只有被选中的公司符合纳入标准，调查问卷被发送给这些公司。最终，300个测量被确认为满意，并作为勘探试验。发现:发现表明优秀的内部审计质量将促进优秀的财务报告。此外，可靠的高层管理人员也会加强你们的关系。含义/原创性/价值:所以可以得出结论，这三家报纸大多是反对和谈的，政府和媒体在和谈问题上意见不一致。(Times New Roman 11pt，包括标题和正文，行距为一行)。
{"title":"Impact Factors on Internal Audit Quality of Businesses the Case Study of Karachi Pakistan","authors":"M. Idrees, A. Khan, Insiya Abbas, M. Bilal","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1941","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Internal Audit Quality is relied upon to prompt top notch financial reporting to the outsiders of the businesses. Excellent financial reporting communicates in earning quality. Earning quality has been playing a key role in the capital market for quite a while. Account clients give exceptional consideration to procuring quality since they settle on their choice dependent on it. Then again, the market economy will encounter terrible, gone misfortunes if the association's exhibition isn't reflected in its income. \u0000Methodology: This examination targets researching the connection between Internal Audit Quality, a leading group of audit quality and financial reporting. Exploration information, acquired from 300 audit firms had internal audit offices. Just the selected firms met inclusion standards, to which research polls were sent. At long last, 300 surveys were affirmed as satisfactory, and were taken as exploration test. \u0000Findings: Discoveries indicated that excellent Internal Audit Quality will prompt great financial reporting. Additionally, solid top managerial staff will fortify this connection. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: So it is concluded that all these three newspapers were mostly against the peace talks and government and media were not on the same page on the issue of peace talks. (Times New Roman 11pt including headings and text, single line spaced).","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88011961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1855
H. Bibi, Amjad Amin, D. Alam
Purpose: Although Pakistan receives large quantity of foreign aid, like other developing countries, but it remains more dependent on foreign assistance for economic development since independence. This situation has commenced a vigorous discussion on aid-growth effectiveness. Methodology: This research work evaluates the macroeconomic impact of foreign aid on Pakistan economy by using secondary data. The empirical analysis is based on ARDL cointegration approach after testing for unit root, using the data for the period 1972-2014. Findings: The findings suggest there is no long run relationship between Foreign aid and Economic Growth. However, there exists negative short run relation between Foreign aid and Economic Growth of Pakistan. Implications: Based on the study findings, the study recommends that government of Pakistan should find alternate sources of financing as the relation between foreign aid and economic growth is found negative and insignificant. The in depth analysis of the study made it evident that allocation of aid to those sectors of the economy which really needs development, is more productive, provided that the country should use aid funds in the right direction, as corruption less economy prosper more rapidly.
{"title":"Empirical Analysis of the Macroeconomic impact of Foreign Aid on Pakistan Economy (1972-2014)","authors":"H. Bibi, Amjad Amin, D. Alam","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1855","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Although Pakistan receives large quantity of foreign aid, like other developing countries, but it remains more dependent on foreign assistance for economic development since independence. This situation has commenced a vigorous discussion on aid-growth effectiveness. \u0000Methodology: This research work evaluates the macroeconomic impact of foreign aid on Pakistan economy by using secondary data. The empirical analysis is based on ARDL cointegration approach after testing for unit root, using the data for the period 1972-2014. \u0000Findings: The findings suggest there is no long run relationship between Foreign aid and Economic Growth. However, there exists negative short run relation between Foreign aid and Economic Growth of Pakistan. \u0000Implications: Based on the study findings, the study recommends that government of Pakistan should find alternate sources of financing as the relation between foreign aid and economic growth is found negative and insignificant. The in depth analysis of the study made it evident that allocation of aid to those sectors of the economy which really needs development, is more productive, provided that the country should use aid funds in the right direction, as corruption less economy prosper more rapidly.","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86499642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1848
M. Adnan, Ayesha Malik, Z. Malik, M. Malik
Purpose: FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) sector has a significant role in the economic development of Pakistan. According to Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the retail sector contributes 18.6% to the GDP of Pakistan. This sector can use effective communication with a learning work environment as a tool to increase their productivity and at the same time can build customer relations. This is because communication is an essential element used to deal with customers and employees. Whereas, at the same time comfortable work environment is helpful to boost the performance of this sector. The present study aims to examine the influence of effective communication and working environment on employee’s performance with the moderating role of organizational learning culture in FMCG sector of South Punjab Region. Design/Methodology/Approach: For the said purpose structured questionnaires were developed by using online google forms for collecting data. The sample population was selected from the FMCG sector of Pakistan. Then the collected data was analyzed by using regression analysis and Pearson Correlation via SPSS whilst Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via Smart PLS. Findings: The results indicates that effective communication and work environment has a significant influence on employee’s performance and organizational learning culture plays a moderating role between effective communication and work environment. Implications/Value: This research has used FMCG sector specifically to examine the impact of effective communication hence, further research can be done by using other sectors i.e., Education, Agriculture, IT etc. In addition to that this study is based on the impact of effective communication and working environment on the employee’s performance through the moderating role of organizational culture further research can be made on the ways or methods improve working conditions of this sector.
{"title":"Employee’s Performance as a Consequence of Effective Communication and Working Environment: The Moderating Role of Organizational Learning Culture","authors":"M. Adnan, Ayesha Malik, Z. Malik, M. Malik","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1848","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) sector has a significant role in the economic development of Pakistan. According to Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the retail sector contributes 18.6% to the GDP of Pakistan. This sector can use effective communication with a learning work environment as a tool to increase their productivity and at the same time can build customer relations. This is because communication is an essential element used to deal with customers and employees. Whereas, at the same time comfortable work environment is helpful to boost the performance of this sector. The present study aims to examine the influence of effective communication and working environment on employee’s performance with the moderating role of organizational learning culture in FMCG sector of South Punjab Region. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: For the said purpose structured questionnaires were developed by using online google forms for collecting data. The sample population was selected from the FMCG sector of Pakistan. Then the collected data was analyzed by using regression analysis and Pearson Correlation via SPSS whilst Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via Smart PLS. \u0000Findings: The results indicates that effective communication and work environment has a significant influence on employee’s performance and organizational learning culture plays a moderating role between effective communication and work environment. \u0000Implications/Value: This research has used FMCG sector specifically to examine the impact of effective communication hence, further research can be done by using other sectors i.e., Education, Agriculture, IT etc. In addition to that this study is based on the impact of effective communication and working environment on the employee’s performance through the moderating role of organizational culture further research can be made on the ways or methods improve working conditions of this sector.","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83772618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1984
M. Rehman, F. Bashir, Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah, M. Bhatti
Purpose: The relationship between capital account liberalization and economic growth has been a fervently discussed subject among economists and policy-makers. The role of institutions is imperious to comprehensively investigate the impact of financial openness on growth. The objective of the study is to inspect the nexus between financial liberalization and economic growth after incorporating the contribution of institutional quality. Methodology: A panel of data on 17 emerging market economies (EMEs) is used for the period 1995-2019. We employ the GMM technique by using different de facto and de jure measures of financial liberalization along with institutional variables. Findings: The empirical results illustrate that better quality institutions strengthen the connection between capital account liberalization and output growth in the emerging World. Implications: The policymakers should focus on the more beneficial nature of financial liberalization such as FDI. Also, the policy should be aiming at availing the services of efficient human resources with proper institutional infrastructure.
{"title":"Capital Account Liberalization Institutions and Economic Growth in the Emerging World","authors":"M. Rehman, F. Bashir, Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah, M. Bhatti","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1984","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The relationship between capital account liberalization and economic growth has been a fervently discussed subject among economists and policy-makers. The role of institutions is imperious to comprehensively investigate the impact of financial openness on growth. The objective of the study is to inspect the nexus between financial liberalization and economic growth after incorporating the contribution of institutional quality. \u0000Methodology: A panel of data on 17 emerging market economies (EMEs) is used for the period 1995-2019. We employ the GMM technique by using different de facto and de jure measures of financial liberalization along with institutional variables. \u0000Findings: The empirical results illustrate that better quality institutions strengthen the connection between capital account liberalization and output growth in the emerging World. \u0000Implications: The policymakers should focus on the more beneficial nature of financial liberalization such as FDI. Also, the policy should be aiming at availing the services of efficient human resources with proper institutional infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90581711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1967
A. Sadiq, M. Ashraf, Paris Zakaullah, Ammara Asghar
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and measure the possible potential stressors among undergraduate medical students and explore the correlation of stress with gender and level of academic year. Methodology: This was a cross sectional, questionnaire-based study to identify and measure possible stressors in undergraduate medical students. This study was conducted from 1stAugust 2016 to 1st September 2016 at Independent Medical College, Faisalabad. A sample size of 243 was calculated using openepi; with a confidence level of 97%. The Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) was used in this study, which is a validated instrument to identify sources of stress. The items in MSSQ represent 20 possible sources of stress in medical students identified from the literature grouped into six main factors as Academic Related Stressor (ARS), Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Related Stressor (IRS), Teaching and Learning Related Stressor (TLRS), Social Related Stressor (SRS), Drive and Desire Related Stressor (DRS), and Group Activities Related Stressor (GARS). Analysis of data is done using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis of levels of stress in all six main factor domains was done, stratified by gender variation and level of academic years and presented as frequency & percentages of subjects having that level of stress. Reliability analysis was also performed to determine the reliability of the MSSQ questionnaire for any demographic variations. Findings: Study proved that the major source of stress experienced by the students was related to academics that was represented by ARS factor, showing the highest mean degree off 2. 0453.Females perceive more stress than males in all domains but no significant correlation found on statistical analysis. Level of academic related stress remains same in all levels of academic years whereas IRS, DRS, TLRS, GARS, SRS related stress levels shows progressive reduction from first year to final year. Implication: Academics related stress is the leading cause of stress in undergraduate medical students, followed by stress related to interpersonal and intrapersonal factors.
目的:本研究的目的是识别和测量医学生可能存在的潜在压力源，并探讨压力与性别和学年水平的相关关系。方法:这是一项基于问卷调查的横断面研究，旨在识别和测量医科本科生可能的压力源。本研究于2016年8月1日至2016年9月1日在费萨拉巴德独立医学院进行。使用openepi计算样本容量为243;置信水平为97%。本研究采用医学生压力源问卷(MSSQ)，这是一种有效的识别压力来源的工具。MSSQ的项目代表了医学生从文献中发现的20种可能的压力源，分为六大主要因素:学业相关压力源(ARS)、人际关系相关压力源(IRS)、教学相关压力源(TLRS)、社会相关压力源(SRS)、欲望驱动相关压力源(DRS)和群体活动相关压力源(GARS)。数据分析使用SPSS version 20完成。对所有六个主要因素领域的压力水平进行了描述性分析，按性别差异和学年水平分层，并以具有该压力水平的受试者的频率和百分比表示。信度分析也用于确定MSSQ问卷对任何人口统计学差异的信度。结果:研究证明，学生所经历的主要压力来源与学业有关，以ARS因子为代表，平均程度为2。0453.在所有领域中，女性比男性感受到更多的压力，但在统计分析中没有发现显著的相关性。学业相关压力水平在各学年保持不变，而IRS、DRS、TLRS、GARS、SRS相关压力水平从第一年到最后一年呈逐渐下降趋势。结论:学业相关压力是医学生压力的主要原因，其次是人际和内省因素。
{"title":"Measuring the Stressors in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"A. Sadiq, M. Ashraf, Paris Zakaullah, Ammara Asghar","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1967","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and measure the possible potential stressors among undergraduate medical students and explore the correlation of stress with gender and level of academic year. \u0000Methodology: This was a cross sectional, questionnaire-based study to identify and measure possible stressors in undergraduate medical students. This study was conducted from 1stAugust 2016 to 1st September 2016 at Independent Medical College, Faisalabad. A sample size of 243 was calculated using openepi; with a confidence level of 97%. The Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) was used in this study, which is a validated instrument to identify sources of stress. The items in MSSQ represent 20 possible sources of stress in medical students identified from the literature grouped into six main factors as Academic Related Stressor (ARS), Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Related Stressor (IRS), Teaching and Learning Related Stressor (TLRS), Social Related Stressor (SRS), Drive and Desire Related Stressor (DRS), and Group Activities Related Stressor (GARS). Analysis of data is done using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis of levels of stress in all six main factor domains was done, stratified by gender variation and level of academic years and presented as frequency & percentages of subjects having that level of stress. Reliability analysis was also performed to determine the reliability of the MSSQ questionnaire for any demographic variations. \u0000Findings: Study proved that the major source of stress experienced by the students was related to academics that was represented by ARS factor, showing the highest mean degree off 2. 0453.Females perceive more stress than males in all domains but no significant correlation found on statistical analysis. Level of academic related stress remains same in all levels of academic years whereas IRS, DRS, TLRS, GARS, SRS related stress levels shows progressive reduction from first year to final year. \u0000Implication: Academics related stress is the leading cause of stress in undergraduate medical students, followed by stress related to interpersonal and intrapersonal factors.","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77258583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1804
Shanana Desiree’ Motseta, Oliver Takawira
Purpose: The study analyses the effects of sovereign credit ratings on financial development in South Africa. This became important considering that the country has been receiving negative ratings of late. Design/Methodology/Approach: Quarterly data for the period 1994-2017 was analysed using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration model and its associated statistics. The Error Correction Model (ECM) was implemented to augment the results of ARDL analysing the short run dynamics. The model was chosen given the order of integration of the variables. Financial development was selected since it influences financial conditions and financial sector stability. Findings: The statistical results revealed that sovereign ratings positively influence financial variables that is in other words higher ratings are found to contribute positively to the growth of the financial development sector. Negative ratings are likely to affect the financial system as due to low access to external funding and exodus of investors, financial development is halted or decreased. Implications/Originality/Value: The results suggest that authorities need to consider the factors which are targeted by rating agencies and ensure that they perform as expected. Governments should focus on raising sovereign ratings and avoiding downgrades to boost financial development.
{"title":"An Analysis of Sovereign Credit Ratings Impact on Financial Development in South Africa","authors":"Shanana Desiree’ Motseta, Oliver Takawira","doi":"10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i3.1804","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study analyses the effects of sovereign credit ratings on financial development in South Africa. This became important considering that the country has been receiving negative ratings of late. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: Quarterly data for the period 1994-2017 was analysed using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration model and its associated statistics. The Error Correction Model (ECM) was implemented to augment the results of ARDL analysing the short run dynamics. The model was chosen given the order of integration of the variables. Financial development was selected since it influences financial conditions and financial sector stability. \u0000Findings: The statistical results revealed that sovereign ratings positively influence financial variables that is in other words higher ratings are found to contribute positively to the growth of the financial development sector. Negative ratings are likely to affect the financial system as due to low access to external funding and exodus of investors, financial development is halted or decreased. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: The results suggest that authorities need to consider the factors which are targeted by rating agencies and ensure that they perform as expected. Governments should focus on raising sovereign ratings and avoiding downgrades to boost financial development.","PeriodicalId":52706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88449856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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