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Prototype of Rainfall Intensity Measurement Using CCD TSL1401CL Linear Sensor Array 基于CCD TSL1401CL线性传感器阵列的降雨强度测量样机
Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.25077/JIF.13.1.18-25.2021
Sixtinah Deswilan, Aldo Novaznursyah Costrada, Harmadi Harmadi
A prototype measurement of rainfall intensity was developed using a CCD TSL1401CL linear sensor array. The prototype consists of a He-Ne laser that functions as a light source, which later is focused by the beam expander and conditioned by a convex lens. Each pixel will receive the same voltage depending on the light intensity so that it produces a decimal value of ADC. This ADC decimal value determines rainfall intensity based on the diameter and velocity of the raindrops. The diameter variations used ranges from 1 mm to 10 mm, while for variations in the height of rainfall are 50 cm, 100 cm, and 150 cm. The test results proved that the greater the decimal value of the ADC is, the smaller the diameter of the raindrops detected will be, and vice versa. The values of the diameter and velocity of were used to obtain the value of rainfall intensity. The percentage value of error measuring rainfall intensity is 3.11% when compared to the rain gauge module is still considered rather accurate. However, direct testing is still needed when rain falls with various types and intensities.  
采用CCD TSL1401CL线性传感器阵列,研制了降雨强度测量样机。原型机由一个氦氖激光器组成,作为光源,随后由光束扩展器聚焦,并由凸透镜调节。每个像素将根据光强接收相同的电压,从而产生ADC的十进制值。这个ADC十进制值根据雨滴的直径和速度来确定降雨强度。所使用的直径变化范围从1毫米到10毫米,而降雨高度的变化范围为50厘米、100厘米和150厘米。测试结果证明,ADC的十进制值越大,检测到的雨滴直径越小,反之亦然。利用直径和速度的值得到降雨强度的值。与雨量计模组比较,测量雨量的误差百分比值为3.11%,仍算是相当准确。然而,当降雨类型和强度不同时,仍然需要进行直接测试。
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引用次数: 0
Modifikasi Sirkulasi Air Pendingin Alat Destilasi pada Proses Pembuatan Akuades 水冷通风调节水冷适配器对水貂的制造过程
Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.20527/FLUX.V18I1.8888
M. Marjuni, Ori Minarto, S. Wahyono
Distilled water in the laboratory is highly important since it is a basic requirement in the lab work and/or research. The large use of distilled water in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Lambung Mangkurat (FMIPA ULM) obliged to depend on its own by providing the equipment to produce distilled water. The efficiency of water is low during producing one liter distilled water due to 35 liters is needed. Several studies have conducted focusing on the energy efficiency and the use of alternative energy in the distilled water production. Efficiency is not only limited on the heating energy sources, but also the cooling component. One of the attempts is modifying the cooling water circulation in the distillation equipment. It aimed that the cooling water is not wasted but is returned to the circuit. In this study, a cooling water circulation modification was carried out by adding a radiator set, submersible pump and storage tank. The distilled water produced from this circuit will be compared with distilled water from distillation equipment without modification. The parameters compared which are: temperature, volume, electrical conductivity and pH. Our research results show that the modified distillation equipment series is feasible to apply since the electrical conductivity of the resulting distilled water is lower than before modification process and also the sediment attached to the boiler wall is formed slower than the distillation equipment without modification. With the need for a lower volume of raw water, a series of modified distillation equipment is also suitable for use in the dry season or during water distribution is not smooth.
蒸馏水在实验室是非常重要的,因为它是实验室工作和/或研究的基本要求。兰邦曼库拉特大学数学和自然科学学院(FMIPA ULM)大量使用蒸馏水,不得不依靠自己提供生产蒸馏水的设备。在生产1升蒸馏水的过程中,水的效率很低,因为需要35升蒸馏水。针对蒸馏水生产中的能源效率和替代能源的使用进行了几项研究。效率不仅局限于加热能源,还包括冷却部件。其中一项尝试是改进蒸馏设备中的冷却水循环。它的目标是冷却水不被浪费,而是被送回回路。在本研究中,通过增加散热器组、潜水泵和储罐进行冷却水循环改造。该回路生产的蒸馏水将与蒸馏设备生产的蒸馏水进行比较,而无需进行改造。对温度、体积、电导率、ph等参数进行了比较。研究结果表明,改造后的蒸馏水电导率比改造前低,锅炉壁面沉积物形成速度也比未改造的蒸馏水设备慢,是可行的。随着原水需水量的减少,一系列改进型蒸馏设备也适合在旱季或配水不顺畅时使用。
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引用次数: 2
Characterization of Multiple-bend Optical Fiber Extensometer Design for Landslide Sensor 滑坡传感器用多弯光纤伸长仪的特性设计
Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.25077/jif.13.1.1-7.2021
Aldo Novaznursyah Costrada, Sixtinah Deswilan, B. M. Kemal, M. Marzuki, Harmadi Harmadi
Design of multiple-bend extensometer based on optical fiber as landslide sensor has been characterized.  Multiple-bending characterization has been done by varying the winding number of optical fiber FD-620-10 to obtain the effective light intensity of photodiode.  The light intensity in extensometer was set by varying the resistance of laser diode in the range (150 – 250) Ω.  The optimum sensitivity of 0,03984 V/cm was obtained for triple winding of optical fiber.  The designed optical extensometer is able to monitor the displacement with an error of 0,59%.  This result indicates that the designed extensometer is the more bending on optical fiber, the more it’s sensitivity and the bending loss.
介绍了基于光纤的多弯道伸缩仪作为滑坡传感器的设计特点。通过改变光纤FD-620-10的缠绕数,进行了多次弯曲表征,得到了光电二极管的有效光强。通过在(150 ~ 250)Ω范围内改变激光二极管的阻值来设定延伸计的光强。光纤三绕组的最佳灵敏度为0.03984 V/cm。所设计的光学伸缩仪能够监测位移,误差为0.59%。结果表明,所设计的延伸仪在光纤上弯曲程度越大,其灵敏度越大,弯曲损耗也越大。
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引用次数: 0
Otomatisasi Eksperimen Interferensi Tiga Celah 自动化实验干扰三个裂口
Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v17i2.8332
Albertus Hariwangsa Panuluh, Elisabeth Dian Atmajati, S. Sulandari
Automation of three slit interference experiments has been carried out. The light interference is an interesting phenomenon to observe. The observation of the three-slit interference pattern uses a light sensor that is connected to the computer through the interface. Light intensity data will be directly recorded into the computer and displayed in the form of graphs of the light intensity versus time. To measure the pattern of the formed dark light, the light sensor is placed on a linear drive system. This drive system will move the sensor to the left or right to record the intensity of the pattern of dark light. The purposes of this study are: 1) designing an automatic experiment to observe three slit interference patterns and 2) measuring the wavelength of the light source, He-Ne laser, used in the experiment. From the experiment, we find that the wavelength of He-Ne laser is  nm.
实现了三个狭缝干涉实验的自动化。光干涉是一种有趣的现象。观察三缝干涉图案使用一个光传感器,通过接口连接到计算机上。光强数据将直接记录到计算机中,并以光强随时间变化的曲线图的形式显示。为了测量形成的暗光的图案,光传感器被放置在一个线性驱动系统上。这个驱动系统将传感器向左或向右移动,以记录暗光模式的强度。本研究的目的是:1)设计一个自动实验来观察三种狭缝干涉图样;2)测量实验中使用的He-Ne激光器光源的波长。实验结果表明,氦氖激光器的波长为nm。
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引用次数: 0
Solusi Persamaan Dirac untuk Fermion dengan Model Potensial Penghalang Medan Elektromagnetik
Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v17i2.8105
Arista Romadani, E. Rani
The solution of the Dirac equation in the presence of the electromagnetic field on the one-dimensional barrier potential is studied. The energy spectrum and the eigenfunction of the Dirac equation obtained by solving the Dirac equation and we introduced annihilation and creation operators for the Hamiltonian has an identical form in the harmonic oscillator. Regions I and III separated by a potential barrier characterized by the gap energy with the eigenfunctions as a sinusoidal function, and region II has the form of an exponent function.  We found the eigenfunction involved positive and negative energy moves exponentially when passed through a barrier.
研究了电磁场作用下一维势垒势的狄拉克方程的解。通过求解狄拉克方程得到的狄拉克方程的能谱和本征函数在谐振子中具有相同的形式,我们引入了哈密顿算符的湮灭和产生算符。区I和区III被势垒隔开,势垒以间隙能为特征,特征函数为正弦函数,区II具有指数函数的形式。我们发现本征函数涉及正能量和负能量在通过势垒时呈指数运动。
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引用次数: 0
Sintesis Magnesium Ferit Berbasis Pasir Besi dari Sarmi menggunakan Metode Kopresipitasi 用降压法合成沙质镁铁
Pub Date : 2020-06-05 DOI: 10.20527/FLUX.V17I2.6932
Cahyo Saputra, Heru Cahyoutomo, Jeny Sendong, Octolia Togibasa
In this study, magnesium ferrite was sinthesized from natural iron sand using co-precipitation method. Iron sand material was taken from the north coast of Sarmi Regency, Papua Province. The purpose of this study was to find out whether magnesium ferrite could be synthesized from iron sand directly without preliminary processes into magnetite minerals. Co-precipitation method was applied with a variant of stirring temperature of 30, 50 and 70°C. The crystal structures was characterized using an x-ray diffractometer, while the magnetic properties was characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer and the morphology of the particle was characterized using a scanning electron microscpe. From the results of characterization, it is known that magnesium ferrite successfully synthesized from iron sand directly without preliminary processes into magnetite minerals. Magnetic properties were obtained from the sample with added of magnesium acetate tetrahedral and stirred at a temperature of 70°C. The x-ray diffracttion pattern showed figure of merit of 0.82, while the magnetic hysterisis curve shows coercivity of 200 Oe and magnetic moment about 11 emu/gr. The mineral has irregular particle sizes that range from 0.5 to 100 microns in size, due to magnetic attraction which promotes agglomeration. This researcher recommends optimization of the synthesis process so that the quality of the magnesium ferrite can be improve.
以天然铁砂为原料,采用共沉淀法合成了铁酸镁。铁砂材料取自巴布亚省萨尔米摄政北部海岸。本研究的目的是研究是否可以直接从铁砂中合成铁酸镁,而不需要预处理。采用共沉淀法,搅拌温度分别为30、50、70℃。用x射线衍射仪对晶体结构进行表征,用振动样品磁强计对磁性能进行表征,用扫描电子显微镜对颗粒形貌进行表征。从表征结果可知,由铁砂直接合成铁氧体镁,无需前期加工成磁铁矿矿物。加入四面体醋酸镁,在70℃的搅拌温度下,对样品进行了磁性能测试。x射线衍射图显示优值为0.82,磁滞曲线显示矫顽力为200 Oe,磁矩约为11 emu/gr。这种矿物具有不规则的颗粒大小,大小在0.5到100微米之间,这是由于磁性吸引促进了团聚。本研究建议对合成工艺进行优化,以提高铁氧体镁的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Doping Palladium (Pd) Terhadap Lapisan TiO2 dengan Metode LPD untuk Applikasi Fotoanoda Sel Surya DSSC 用于DSSC细胞光电二极管应用的LPD方法的钯掺杂管理器(Pd)表面TiO2层
Pub Date : 2020-03-03 DOI: 10.25077/JIF.11.1.13-17.2019
Dahyunir Dahlan, Andhika Dwipanur P.U, Nini Firmawati, Akrajas Ali Umar
Lapisan TiO2 yang didoping Pd dengan metode deposisi fase cair (Liquid Phase Deposition, LPD) telah dilakukan. Adapun tujuan sintesis lapisan tersebut adalah untuk mendapatkan lapisan yang terdiri dari nanoplate yang akan diaplikasikan untuk fotoanoda sel surya. Sebagai larutan prekursor digunakan 0,5 M (NH4)2TiF6 dengan variasi doping Pd adalah 0; 6.25; 12.50; 25,00 dan 50,00 mM. Penumbuhan lapisan dilakukan pada suhu 900°C selama 9 jam.Didapatkan berturut-turut energi gap adalah 3,20; 3,25; 3,18; 3,16; dan 3,10 eV. Karakterisasi FESEM menunjukkan bahwa lapisan yang dihasilkan terdiri dari partikel berbentuk nanoplate yang tersebar merata di permukaan substrat ITO. Luas nanoplate yang dihasilkan di bawah 100 μm2 dengan ketebalan beberapa nanometer. Karakterisasi-karakterisasi ini menunjukkan bahwa lapisan TiO2 yang didoping oleh Pd sangat berpotensi sebagai photoanode untuk elektroda sel surya DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell).
已经进行了液相沉积(LPD)。至于合成该层的目的是获得由纳米板组成的层,这些纳米板将应用于太阳能电池光子。作为使用的前体溶液,具有掺杂变化的0.5M(NH4)2TiF6,Pd为0;6.25;12.50;25.00和50.00 mM。层生长在900°C下进行9小时。得到3.20的有序能隙;3.25;3.18;3.16;和3.10eV。FESEM的特性表明,所产生的层由散布在衬底ITO表面上的颗粒形状的纳米板组成。纳米板空间在100μm2以下以几纳米的密度产生。这些特性表明,由Pd覆盖的TiO2层作为染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)太阳能电极的光阳极是高效的。
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引用次数: 1
Kontrol Kecepatan dan Temperatur dengan Teknik Pulse Widht Modulation untuk Aplikasi Hotplate Stirrer Berbasis Arduino
Pub Date : 2020-02-27 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v17i1.6634
J. Junaidi, Handani Wahyu Hesti, Suciyati Wahyu Sri, Supriyanto Amir
In this research, design and realization of temperature and speed control instrument using thermocouple and pulse width modulation based on arduino for hotplate stirrer aplication have been carried out. This instrument is laboratory tool used for stiring and heating a chemical liquid with capability up to 1200 rpm and 300 o C, respectively. The main components used in the manufacture of hotplate stirrer are Arduino mega, DC motor, tubular heater, LM393 optocoupler sensor, MAX6675 type-K thermocouple, and sevent segment. The hotplate stirrer has a tolerance of rotational speed measurement of ±5 rpm and a tolerance of temperature measurement of ±5 o C. The accuracy of temperature and rotating speed measurement in this instrument about 0,25 o C and 2 rpm. Based on its capabilities, this instrument can be applied to research on synthesis of material at the micro and nano scale.
在本研究中,采用热电偶和基于arduino的脉宽调制技术设计并实现了用于热板搅拌器的温度和速度控制仪器。该仪器是用于搅拌和加热化学液体的实验室工具,分别具有高达1200转/分和300℃的能力。热板搅拌器的主要部件有Arduino mega、直流电机、管状加热器、LM393光耦传感器、MAX6675 k型热电偶、七段。热板搅拌器的转速测量公差为±5rpm,温度测量公差为±5oc。本仪器的温度和转速测量精度约为0,25℃和2rpm。基于其性能,该仪器可应用于微纳米尺度的材料合成研究。
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引用次数: 1
Kalibrasi TLD-100 di Udara Menggunakan Radiasi Sinar-X Pada Rentang Radiation Qualities in Radiodiagnostik (RQR) 利用X射线辐射质量校准空气中的TLD-100辐射诊断(RQR)
Pub Date : 2019-09-23 DOI: 10.25077/jif.11.2.81-87.2019
Nisaul Chaira Yeni, Dian Milvita, Heru Prasetio
Telah dilakukan kalibrasi TLD-100 di udara menggunakan radiasi sinar-X pada rentang Radiation Qualities in Radiodiagnostik (RQR). Kalibrasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui koefisien kalibrasi TLD di udara, faktor koreksi kualitas radiasi dan pengaruh variasi dosis radiasi terhadap koefisien kalibrasi. Penelitian menggunakan pesawat sinar-X konvensional sebagai sumber radiasi, detektor TLD-100 sebagai detektor yang akan dikalibrasi dan detektor unfors-X2 sebagai detektor standar. Dosis radiasi yang digunakan yaitu (0,2; 0,3; 0,5; 0,7) mGy dengan variasi tegangan (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100) kV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai koefisien kalibrasi TLD bergantung kepada kualitas radiasi sehingga TLD harus dikalibrasi pada setiap tegangan. Nilai faktor koreksi kualitas radiasi berada pada rentang 0,825 ± 0,097 sampai 1,039 ± 0,084 yang berarti kemampuan detektor merespon radiasi berbeda-beda seiring perubahan kualitas radiasi. Nilai koefisien kalibrasi meningkat seiring bertambahnya nilai dosis radiasi.Kata kunci: koefisien kalibrasi, faktor koreksi, TLD
通过x射线辐射(RQR)对空气中的TLD-100进行了校准。进行校准,以确定空气中TLD校准的系数、辐射质量修正因素和辐射剂量变化对校准系数的影响。研究使用常规x光机作为辐射源,地面-100探测器作为校准探测器,unforts - x2探测器作为标准探测器进行研究。使用的辐射剂量为(0.2;0.3米;0.5米;0.7) mGy与电压变化(50,60,70,80,90,100)。研究结果表明,TLD校准系数的值取决于辐射的质量,所以TLD应该在任何电压上校准。辐射校正因子质量分数范围在0.825±0,097直到1,039±0.084意味着不同的辐射探测器响应能力随着质量变化的辐射。系数值的校准随着辐射剂量的增加而增加。关键词:校准系数,修正因子,TLD
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引用次数: 0
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengukuran Diameter Butiran Air Menggunakan Fotodioda Array dan Transceiver nRF24L01+
Pub Date : 2019-09-23 DOI: 10.25077/jif.11.2.88-94.2019
A. Awaluddin, Harmadi Harmadi, M. Marzuki
Telah dilakukan rancang bangun sistem pengukuran diameter butiran air menggunakan fotodioda array dan transceiver nRF24L01+. Sistem pengukuran diameter butiran air terdiri dari laser dioda, fotodioda array, mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3 dan transceiver nRF24L01+. Pengukuran dilakukan saat butiran air yang berasal dari wadah, dengan variasi ukuran diameter; 1 mm, 2 mm, dan 3 mm, melewati sinar laser dan ditangkap oleh fotodioda array. Fotodioda array mengubah cahaya menjadi sinyal listrik dalam bentuk tegangan keluaran dan diolah menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3. Data yang dihasilkan dikirim secara telemetri nirkabel dengan menggunakan transceiver nRF24L01+ dan ditampilkan pada PC dan LCD dalam bentuk hasil pengukuran. Karakterisasi sensor fotodioda array menghasilkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,997 dan nilai fungsi transfer yaitu 21,975e–0,004x yang dimasukkan ke dalam program. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan semakin rendah tegangan menandakan diameter butiran air hujan semakin besar. Hasil pengukuran diameter butiran air memiliki nilai error rata-rata 0,66. Sistem memiliki jarak pengiriman maksimum 1000 m tanpa penghalang dan jarak pengiriman minimum 550 m dengan penghalang.Kata kunci: fotodioda array, pengukuran butiran air, transceiver nRF24L01+
采用nRF24L01+型光电二极管阵列和收发信机,设计了水尺直径的测量系统。水细节直径测量系统由激光二极管、光电二极管阵列、Arduino Uno R3微控制器和nRF24L01+收发器组成。当水的细节来自容器时,应进行测量,直径测量值有所变化;1毫米、2毫米和3毫米,穿过激光束并被光电二极管阵列捕获。光电二极管阵列使用Arduino Uno R3微控制器将光转换为输出电压形式的电信号。所产生的数据通过电缆遥测使用nRF24L01+收发器进行传输,并以测量结果的形式显示在PC和LCD上。光电二极管阵列传感器的特性产生0.997的确定系数(R2)值和21.975e–0.004x的传递函数值,输入程序。试验结果表明,应力越来越低,表明水颗粒的直径越来越大。测量水细节的直径的结果具有0.66的平均误差值。该系统在没有障碍物的情况下的最大调度距离为1000m,在有障碍物的条件下的最小调度距离为550m。关键词:光电二极管阵列,水细节测量,nRF24L01收发器+
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引用次数: 1
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JIF Jurnal Ilmu Fisika
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