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Rigid Procedure to Calculate the Melting Point of Metal Using the Solid-Liquid Phase (Coexistence) Method 用固-液相(共存)法计算金属熔点的刚性程序
Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.25077/jif.14.2.132-140.2022
A. Arkundato, Wenny Maulina, L. Rohman, Ratna Dewi Syarifah, M. Ali Shafii
Melting point, particularly metal, is one of the important data for many applications. For developing new materials, adequate theories for melting point are very crucial. The determination of melting point using the popular phase-change curve method is very easy but usually overestimate. In current work, we determine the melting point of a pure metal (iron) using the method of solid-liquid phase coexistence. For this goal, molecular dynamics simulation was applied to obtain data of trajectories of atoms. Simulation (LAMMPS) and data analysis (OVITO) procedures are strictly applied to obtain the accurate melting point of iron based on the obtained trajectories data. For initial structure design of simulation, we used the ATOMSK program. The melting point of iron obtained using the phase change curve (PCC) method is about 2750 K < TPCC < 3250 K and using the coexistence phase (CP) method is TCP = 2325 K. A more accurate calculation needs to include defects factor in the simulated material and calculation. In this research we use the Morse potential to represent all of the atomic interaction among atoms of Fe material.
熔点,特别是金属熔点,是许多应用的重要数据之一。对于开发新材料来说,充分的熔点理论是至关重要的。使用流行的相变曲线法测定熔点非常容易,但通常会高估。在目前的工作中,我们使用固液相共存的方法来确定纯金属(铁)的熔点。为此,应用分子动力学模拟获得了原子轨道的数据。根据所获得的轨迹数据,严格应用模拟(LAMMPS)和数据分析(OVITO)程序来获得准确的铁熔点。对于模拟的初始结构设计,我们使用ATOMSK程序。使用相变曲线(PCC)方法获得的铁的熔点约为2750K
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引用次数: 0
Nanosilica Particulate Magnetic as Alternative Filler on Natural Rubber Composites with Human-Tissue-Like Mechanical Characteristic 纳米二氧化硅磁性颗粒在具有人体组织力学特性的天然橡胶复合材料中的替代填充
Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.25077/jif.14.2.124-131.2022
R. Murniati, Arini Fitria Gunawan, Muhammad Nuraliffudin Saputra, Imastuti Imastuti, M. Abdullah
There have been no reports of the simultaneous application of natural fillers, such as magnetite and natural zeolites, to increase the strength of composites containing silica (SiO2) fillers as reinforcing fillers in natural rubber. This study has investigated the effect of magnetically modified natural zeolite on nanosilica-reinforced natural rubber composites that include a mechanical characteristic like human tissue. We use technical specifications rubber (TSR) SIR 20 with nanosilica reinforced fillers and Titanate coupling agent (TCA) as fillers and elastomer binders. The results showed that the nanosilica-zeolite-magnetite (Fe3O4) mixture had an influence on strength and stiffness and could be a substitute filler. The precursors made with some variations include the optimization of filler and the optimization volume fraction of nanosilica. Mechanical characteristics of different human body part tissue were compared to the control samples and have similar mechanical characteristics with internal human tissue characteristic. Based on these results, nanosilica fillers combine with magnetically modified zeolites and titanate coupling agents, potentially as an alternative filler to replace carbon black, and are applicable for synthetic muscle replacement cadavers with a customized formula.
目前还没有同时应用天然填料(如磁铁矿和天然沸石)来提高含有二氧化硅(SiO2)填料作为天然橡胶中增强填料的复合材料的强度的报道。本研究研究了磁性改性天然沸石对纳米二氧化硅增强天然橡胶复合材料的影响,该复合材料具有类似人体组织的机械特性。我们使用技术规格的橡胶(TSR)SIR 20与纳米二氧化硅增强填料和钛酸偶联剂(TCA)作为填料和弹性体粘合剂。结果表明,纳米硅-沸石-磁铁矿(Fe3O4)混合物对强度和刚度有影响,可以作为一种替代填料。通过一些变化制备的前体包括填料的优化和纳米二氧化硅的优化体积分数。将不同人体部位组织的机械特性与对照样品进行比较,并具有与人体内部组织特性相似的机械特性。基于这些结果,纳米二氧化硅填料与磁性改性沸石和钛酸酯偶联剂相结合,有可能成为替代炭黑的替代填料,并适用于定制配方的合成肌肉替代尸体。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of State Degeneration in 3D Quantum Lenoir Engine Performance 状态退化对三维量子雷诺发动机性能的影响
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.25077/jif.14.2.95-107.2022
Ade Fahriza, T. Sutantyo
We study the performance of the quantum Lenoir engine using single-particle confined within the cubic potential. In 3D potential structure, particles degenerate into multiple states at identic energy level which occurs on the excitation state of the particles. Deliberating the degeneration effects, the confined particle has possibility to produce more energy efficiency as engine’s working substance. The particle is able to freely move in three directions of x, y, and z-axis simultaneously, which gives three degrees of freedom to the particle in the cubic potential. By limiting to two eigen states, a basic explanation to the condition of the particle was provided. The efficiency of 3D quantum Lenoir engine is better than the classical model of the Lenoir engine despite the similarity in the formulation. Moreover, we also consider the efficiency comparison between the 3D model, with some state modifications, and the 1D efficiency of the quantum Lenoir engine. As expected, degeneration of the particle’s states plays a role in the enhancement of the quantum Lenoir engine’s efficiency. Moreover, we also derived the power output of the 3D quantum Lenoir engine. Thus, this study clearly gives a sight of the performance of quantum Lenoir engine model in the 3D manner.
我们使用限制在立方势内的单个粒子来研究量子Lenoir引擎的性能。在三维势结构中,粒子在同一能级退化为多个态,这发生在粒子的激发态上。考虑到退化效应,约束粒子作为发动机的工作物质有可能产生更高的能量效率。粒子能够同时在x、y和z轴的三个方向上自由移动,这给了粒子在三次势中的三个自由度。通过限制为两个本征态,对粒子的状态提供了一个基本的解释。尽管公式相似,但3D量子Lenoir引擎的效率优于Lenoir发动机的经典模型。此外,我们还考虑了经过一些状态修改的3D模型与量子Lenoir引擎的1D效率之间的效率比较。正如预期的那样,粒子状态的退化在提高量子Lenoir引擎的效率方面发挥了作用。此外,我们还推导了3D量子Lenoir引擎的功率输出。因此,本研究清楚地以3D方式展示了量子Lenoir发动机模型的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Synthesis of Supercapacitor from Cocoa Fruit Peel Activated Carbon for Energy Storage 可可果皮活性炭制备储能用超级电容器
Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.25077/jif.14.2.86-94.2022
Rahma Fikri Nuradi, M. Muldarisnur, Y. Yetri
The supercapacitor electrode has been synthesized using activated carbon from cocoa pods. Activated carbon was prepared by first drying the raw materials under the sunlight and followed by oven drying, pre-carbonization, milling, sieving, and chemical activation with 0.3 M and 0.4 M KOH solution. After chemical activation, the activated carbon was printed into pellet form, carbonized at a temperature of 600 °C, followed by physical activation at a temperature of 700 °C for four hours before polishing. We found that the optimum conditions are 700 °C and 0.4 M. The density of the obtained carbon electrode is 0.810 g/cm3. The SEM micrographs show the formation of pores with a diameter of 0.44 μm and 0.98 μm. The carbon content in the electrode sample measured using electron dispersive spectroscopy is 91.49%. The XRD data shows that the carbon electrode is amorphous with a diffraction angle (2θ) at 23.569° and 44.781°. The optimum specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is 140.2 F/g obtained for the sample activated for 2.5 hours.
以可可荚为原料,用活性炭合成了超级电容器电极。首先将原料在阳光下干燥,然后进行烘箱干燥、预碳化、磨粉、筛分、用0.3 M和0.4 M KOH溶液化学活化制备活性炭。经化学活化后,将活性炭打印成颗粒状,在600℃下碳化,然后在700℃下物理活化4小时,最后抛光。我们发现最佳条件是700°C和0.4 m,得到的碳电极密度为0.810 g/cm3。SEM显微图显示形成了直径分别为0.44 μm和0.98 μm的孔隙。用电子色散谱法测得电极样品中的碳含量为91.49%。XRD数据表明,碳电极呈无定形,在23.569°和44.781°处的衍射角为2θ。在活化2.5小时的情况下,超级电容器的最佳比电容为140.2 F/g。
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引用次数: 1
Analisis Debit Limpasan Permukaan dan Pemetaan Tingkat Kerawanan Banjir Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kecamatan Landasan Ulin Kota Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i2.12163
Muhammad Eksya Pratama Arieffullah, Ichsan Ridwan, Sudarningsih Sudarningsih
− South Kalimantan is in the yellow signal for Flood Disaster Emergency Alert status. All regencies/cities were hit by floods that not only inundated people's houses, but also hit and destroyed road and bridge infrastructure, cutting off access to public traffic. On January 12 – January 14, 2021, extreme weather occurred, namely heavy rain accompanied by lightning/lightning and strong winds which resulted in flooding in most areas of Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, Banjar Regency, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Hulu Sungai Utara, Balangan, and Tabalong. The purpose of this study is to analyze surface runoff and map the level of flood susceptibility in the Landasan Ulin Subdistrict, Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan using DEMNAS and SPOT 6 image data in Banjarbaru City. The runoff discharge using the rational method and obtained a value of 229,568.57 m 3 day -1 with a catchment area of 3,251,946.40 m 2 . Then the flood susceptibility map has a value of 1.9 – 2.3 with a flood safe classification of 78,067.49 m 2 , 2.3 – 2.7 with a non-flood prone classification of 900,029.45 m 2 , 2.7 – 3.1 with a flood-prone classification of 1,459,619.99 m 2 , and 3.1 – 3.5 with a very flood-prone classification of 817,421.39 m 2 .
−南加里曼丹处于洪水灾害紧急警报黄色信号状态。洪水不仅淹没了人们的房屋,还摧毁了道路和桥梁基础设施,切断了通往公共交通的通道。2021年1月12日至1月14日,极端天气发生,即暴雨伴随着闪电/闪电和强风,导致Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, Banjar Regency, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Hulu Sungai Utara, Balangan和Tabalong的大部分地区发生洪水。本研究的目的是利用Banjarbaru市的DEMNAS和SPOT 6影像资料,分析南加里曼丹Banjarbaru市Landasan Ulin街道的地表径流并绘制洪水易感程度图。径流径流量采用合理的方法,得到的径流量为229,568.57 m 3 d -1,集水区面积为3,251,946.40 m 2。则洪水易感度图的值为1.9 ~ 2.3,洪水安全等级为78,067.49 m2,洪水不易感等级为2.3 ~ 2.7,洪水不易感等级为900,029.45 m2,洪水易感等级为2.7 ~ 3.1,洪水易感等级为1,459,619.99 m2,洪水易感等级为3.1 ~ 3.5,洪水易感等级为817,421.39 m2。
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引用次数: 0
Uji Kinerja Polipropilena Berfotokatalis Semikonduktor TiO2 pada Fotodegradasi Methylene Blue 蓝甲亚甲基的作用波丙烯作用作用半导体甲基氧的测试
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i2.11845
Asifa Asri, Ilham Lazuardy Arief, H. Hasanuddin, Irfana Diah Faryuni, Mega Nurhanisa, Wahyu Hidayat
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引用次数: 0
Identifikasi sebaran dan Jenis Sesar Berdasarkan Analisis Data Anomali Gravitasi Topex Provinsi Maluku Utara Lembar Pulau Halmahera Utara
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i2.9616
B. A. Sadjab, I. P. Indrayana, Kurnia Kurnia, Khafidh Nur Aziz, A. Nur, Harsen Berg Janis, Hanny F. Sangian
− North Maluku, especially Halmahera Island is part of the framework of Indonesia's complex tectonic system and has a high tectonic activity. This area has the meeting zone of the Eurasia plate, the Pacific plate, the Indo-Australian plate and other small plates such as the Philippine plate. As a result of geodynamics, the research area with high seismic activity is due to many geological structures such as anticlines, synclines, upward faults, horizontal faults and normal faults due to plate activity in this area. One of the methods t hat can be used to identify the faults and their types is the gravity method. this study was using the gravitational observation data of the Topex satellite with an area of 3,891.62 km 2 in the form of Free Air Anomaly (FAA), which is then corrected by bouguers and field correction yields a complete Bouguer Anomaly (ABL). Regional and residual anomalies show the good correlation with the geological map of the study area in delineating the distribution of faults with a range of positive anomalies ± 187 mGal and negative anomalies ± -14.8 mGal. Second Vertical Derivatif (SVD) anomaly analysis shows that the distribution of faults in the study area is a type of normal fault.
−北马鲁古,特别是哈马赫拉岛是印度尼西亚复杂构造体系框架的一部分,构造活动非常活跃。这里有欧亚板块、太平洋板块、印澳板块和菲律宾板块等小板块的交汇带。由于地球动力学的原因,研究区地震活动性高的原因是由于板块活动导致的背斜、向斜、向上断裂、水平断裂和正断层等地质构造。可用于识别断层及其类型的方法之一是重力法。本研究利用Topex卫星3891.62 km2的重力观测数据,以自由空气异常(FAA)的形式,经布格校正,得到完整的布格异常(ABL)。区域异常和残余异常与研究区地质图的断层分布具有较好的相关性,正异常范围为±187 mGal,负异常范围为±14.8 mGal。二次垂直导数(SVD)异常分析表明,研究区内的断层分布属于正断层类型。
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引用次数: 0
Identifikasi Zona Akuifer Air Tanah Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Wenner dan Schlumberger di Megal Kabupaten Blora 确定土壤含水层区域使用温纳和斯伦贝格尔地区的配置电阻波和斯伦贝佐的方法
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i2.12187
Riko Fadla, Muhamad Syaugi Arif Nugraha, Erni Erni, Gunawan Gunawan
− Geoelectric research has been carried out in Megal, Blora Regency with the Wenner and Schlumberger configuration resistivity geoelectric method. The purpose of this research is to provide information about the subsurface layer as a potential point for groundwater drilling which has variations in rock lithology. The geoelectric method works by utilizing the propagation of electric current located below the surface so that data is obtained which is processed using Res2dinv software with the inversion method, and interpreted to identify groundwater aquifer zones in Megal, Blora Regency. The results of the Wenner configuration show up to a depth of 17.2 meters but the data does not find groundwater sources. Meanwhile, the results of the Schlumberger configuration showed up to a depth of 31.5 meters and an anomaly was found so that drilling was carried out to obtain soil layer data.
−利用Wenner和斯伦贝谢配置电阻率地电方法,在Blora Regency的Megal进行了地电研究。本研究的目的是提供地下地层作为地下水钻探的潜在点的信息,这些地下地层具有不同的岩石岩性。地电法的工作原理是利用位于地表以下的电流传播,从而获得数据,并使用Res2dinv软件与反演方法进行处理,并进行解释,以确定Blora Regency Megal地区的地下水含水层。温纳构造的结果显示了17.2米的深度,但数据没有发现地下水来源。同时,斯伦贝谢配置的结果显示深度为31.5米,发现了一个异常,因此进行了钻井以获得土层数据。
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引用次数: 0
Fabrikasi Alat Terapi Infrared Dengan Tambahan Sensor Jarak Berbasis Microcontroller 制造一种基于微控制器的红外传感器
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i2.10383
Henry Prasetyo Prasetyo, Septi Kurniasari
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引用次数: 1
Tingkat Pencemaran Lindi Pada Air Tanah Dangkal Di Sekitar TPA Kebon Kongok Menggunakan Parameter Fisika dan Kimia
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i2.13030
Amalia Syuzita, Lalu Ahmad Didik Meiliyadi, Bahtiar Bahtiar
Research has been conducted on the level of pollution caused by Leachate in shallow groundwater around Kebon Kongok landfill, Gerung, West Lombok. This research was conducted considering that water has many benefits in daily life, so it is important to know the quality of the water consumed. The research used experimental methods by analyzing physical parameters (Temperature, conductivity, pH and TDS) and chemical parameters in the form of heavy metal content (Pb, Fe, Cu and Mn). The results of physical parameter tests mostly show that the quality of shallow groundwater is still within the safe quality standard, there is 1 shallow groundwater point that is polluted due to the close proximity to the leachate. Chemical parameters indicate that the content of heavy metals is mostly well below the quality standard, except Cu metal is detected at 0.029 mg / l and Mn metal 1,457 mg / l at a distance of 50 m.KEYWORDS : Leachate; Shallow Water; Physics Parameters; Chemical Parameters
对西龙目岛Gerung的Kebon Kongok垃圾填埋场周围浅层地下水的渗滤液污染水平进行了研究。这项研究是考虑到水在日常生活中有很多好处,所以了解所消耗的水的质量是很重要的。本研究采用实验方法,分析了物理参数(温度、电导率、pH、TDS)和化学参数(重金属含量Pb、Fe、Cu、Mn)。物理参数试验结果大多表明,浅层地下水水质仍在安全质量标准范围内,有1个浅层地下水点因靠近渗滤液而受到污染。化学参数表明,重金属含量大多远低于质量标准,但在距离50 m处检测到金属铜为0.029 mg / l,金属锰为1,457 mg / l。关键词:渗滤液;浅水;物理参数;化学参数
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引用次数: 1
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JIF Jurnal Ilmu Fisika
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