Nassir Rashnaei, S. Siadat, A. Sepahi, M. Mirzaee, G. Bahramali, A. Joshaghani
Introduction: Silver nanoparticles are particles of silver with a size of 1 to 100 nm. These agents have various applications and particularly have received much attention for their antibacterial activity and their use in vaccine production. Among the various methods of synthesizing nanoparticles, using plants due to their high reducing capabilities and also their eco-friendliness is of interest. Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using plant anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and validated using UVspectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The produced AgNPs were used against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis to examine their antibacterial activities via agar well diffusion, disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Furthermore, AgNPs were used in combination with three antibiotic disks, namely, Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline and Gentamicin to seek any cooperative effect. Results: Antibacterial effects due to the synthesized AgNPs were observed toward E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium in this order; however, E. faecalis showed the highest resistance to the synthesized AgNPs. Conclusion: AgNPs synthesized using anise had similar antibacterial effects as conventional antibiotics; however with potentially less side effects. Citation: Rashnaei N, Siadat S D, Akhavan Sepahi A, Mirzaee M, Bahramali G, Arab Joshaghani A. Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) have Antibacterial Effects. vacres. 2020; 7 (1) :17-24. DOI: 10.29252/vacres.7.1.17
{"title":"Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) have Antibacterial Effects","authors":"Nassir Rashnaei, S. Siadat, A. Sepahi, M. Mirzaee, G. Bahramali, A. Joshaghani","doi":"10.29252/vacres.7.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.7.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Silver nanoparticles are particles of silver with a size of 1 to 100 nm. These agents have various applications and particularly have received much attention for their antibacterial activity and their use in vaccine production. Among the various methods of synthesizing nanoparticles, using plants due to their high reducing capabilities and also their eco-friendliness is of interest. Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using plant anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and validated using UVspectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The produced AgNPs were used against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis to examine their antibacterial activities via agar well diffusion, disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Furthermore, AgNPs were used in combination with three antibiotic disks, namely, Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline and Gentamicin to seek any cooperative effect. Results: Antibacterial effects due to the synthesized AgNPs were observed toward E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium in this order; however, E. faecalis showed the highest resistance to the synthesized AgNPs. Conclusion: AgNPs synthesized using anise had similar antibacterial effects as conventional antibiotics; however with potentially less side effects. Citation: Rashnaei N, Siadat S D, Akhavan Sepahi A, Mirzaee M, Bahramali G, Arab Joshaghani A. Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) have Antibacterial Effects. vacres. 2020; 7 (1) :17-24. DOI: 10.29252/vacres.7.1.17","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48508592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Verma, S. Bimal, Kumar Gupta Anil, C. Lal, A. Ranjan, R. B. Verma, K. Pandey, V. Rabidas, S. Kar, P. Das, Icmr-Rmrims, Aiims patna
Introduction: Control efforts of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are hindered due to inappropriate early case detection of Leishmania infection with varying degree of susceptibility to develop the disease. Methods: We assessed the current infection status using Leishmanin skin test (LST) and direct agglutination test (DAT) in a cohort population (206 randomly selected individuals) in a VL endemic area of Bihar, India. Results: Cellular immunity was revealed in 18.4% and antibody response in 18.9% of the population. The age-group of 20-29 years were most vulnerable. DAT titer was inversely proportional to duration of past history of VL. The houses having present or past history of kala-azar in family were observed with high Leishmanin and DAT positivity, indicating relevance of household contacts in the disease transmission. Conclusion: The reactivity of both LST and DAT tests may help in identifying the possible groups with varying degree of susceptibility and risk of infection or having prior exposure to the leishmania infection with or without development of the disease. Citation: Verma N, Bimal S, Gupta Anil K, Lal C, Ranjan A, Verma R, et al . A Community Based Cohort Study on Usefulness of Leishmanin Skin Test in Detection of Immunoreactivity Against Leishmania donovani Infection in an Endemic Area of Kala-Azar, Bihar, India. vacres. 2019; 6 (2) :42-46. DOI: 10.29252/vacres.6.2.42
{"title":"A Community Based Cohort Study on Usefulness of Leishmanin Skin Test in Detection of Immunoreactivity Against Leishmania donovani Infection in an Endemic Area of Kala-Azar, Bihar, India","authors":"N. Verma, S. Bimal, Kumar Gupta Anil, C. Lal, A. Ranjan, R. B. Verma, K. Pandey, V. Rabidas, S. Kar, P. Das, Icmr-Rmrims, Aiims patna","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.2.42","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Control efforts of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are hindered due to inappropriate early case detection of Leishmania infection with varying degree of susceptibility to develop the disease. Methods: We assessed the current infection status using Leishmanin skin test (LST) and direct agglutination test (DAT) in a cohort population (206 randomly selected individuals) in a VL endemic area of Bihar, India. Results: Cellular immunity was revealed in 18.4% and antibody response in 18.9% of the population. The age-group of 20-29 years were most vulnerable. DAT titer was inversely proportional to duration of past history of VL. The houses having present or past history of kala-azar in family were observed with high Leishmanin and DAT positivity, indicating relevance of household contacts in the disease transmission. Conclusion: The reactivity of both LST and DAT tests may help in identifying the possible groups with varying degree of susceptibility and risk of infection or having prior exposure to the leishmania infection with or without development of the disease. Citation: Verma N, Bimal S, Gupta Anil K, Lal C, Ranjan A, Verma R, et al . A Community Based Cohort Study on Usefulness of Leishmanin Skin Test in Detection of Immunoreactivity Against Leishmania donovani Infection in an Endemic Area of Kala-Azar, Bihar, India. vacres. 2019; 6 (2) :42-46. DOI: 10.29252/vacres.6.2.42","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44082308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of HIV vaccines received a “boost” with around 30% protection obtained in the RV144 randomized, double-blind, efficacy trial in Thailand. Currently, 560 clinical trials in HIV vaccine development are registered as complete and results are expected from several of these studies. The modest success attained at this time may be attributed to early attempts at identifying an animal model to test vaccine efficacy. Macaque models of HIV-1 infection have revealed viral infection, transmission, pathogenesis, and prevention. Identification of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and its related strains served as the macaque counterpart of HIV and through genetic engineering, enabled chimera development that explored how macaques respond to a human antigen as well. Along with understanding viral infection, it is worth exploring the genetic repertoire of macaques for determining how the major histocompatibility complex and anti-retroviral restriction factors offer barriers to viral replication.
{"title":"Immunobiological Correlates of SIV Vaccine Vectors and Macaque Tropism","authors":"Joseph M. Antony","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"The field of HIV vaccines received a “boost” with around 30% protection obtained in the RV144 randomized, double-blind, efficacy trial in Thailand. Currently, 560 clinical trials in HIV vaccine development are registered as complete and results are expected from several of these studies. The modest success attained at this time may be attributed to early attempts at identifying an animal model to test vaccine efficacy. Macaque models of HIV-1 infection have revealed viral infection, transmission, pathogenesis, and prevention. Identification of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and its related strains served as the macaque counterpart of HIV and through genetic engineering, enabled chimera development that explored how macaques respond to a human antigen as well. Along with understanding viral infection, it is worth exploring the genetic repertoire of macaques for determining how the major histocompatibility complex and anti-retroviral restriction factors offer barriers to viral replication.","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46456957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospective on Different Approaches for Vaccine Development Against COVID-19: Past Lessons and Future Challenges","authors":"Pooneh Rhimi, M. Aghasadeghi","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"a against","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43882488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kiseleva, Stepanova Ev, E. Krutikova, Donina Sa, Rekstin Ar, E. Bazhenova, Maria Pisareva, A. Katelnikova, K. Kryshen, A. Muzhikyan, E. Grigorieva, L. Rudenko
Introduction: The global co-circulation of two influenza B virus genetic lineages known as B/Yamagata and B/Victoria may lead to a mismatch between the circulating virus and the strain recommended for use in influenza vaccines. Little is known about the protective efficacy of unmatched influenza B strains, especially when it comes to live attenuated influenza vaccine. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate the viability of using live attenuated influenza vaccine developed on B/USSR/60/69 backbone to protect against heterologous influenza B challenge infection. Methods: To estimate the potential crossprotective activity of monoand trivalent live attenuated vaccines based on B/Victoria or B/Yamagata genetic lineage virus against a heterological challenge, ferrets were given one dose of vaccine and then were challenged with influenza B virus. The ferrets were then monitored for clinical signs associated with influenza infection. Samples of the ferrets’ airways were tested for the presence of the challenge virus. Results: Monoand trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines were shown to be safe and cross-protective against genetically different influenza B viruses based on virological and histological data and clinical signs. A lower titer of heterologous challenge virus in the airways of the vaccinated ferrets compared to mock-vaccinated animals inoculated with the challenge virus was detected. Interestingly, B/Victoria-based vaccines were more cross-protective compared with B/Yamagata-based vaccines. Conclusion: In the case of mismatches of B component of the trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine and lineage of the circulating influenza B viruses, one of the options could be using trivalent preparation containing a B/Victoria lineage component.
{"title":"Could trivalent LAIV protect against both genetic lineages of influenza B virus?","authors":"I. Kiseleva, Stepanova Ev, E. Krutikova, Donina Sa, Rekstin Ar, E. Bazhenova, Maria Pisareva, A. Katelnikova, K. Kryshen, A. Muzhikyan, E. Grigorieva, L. Rudenko","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The global co-circulation of two influenza B virus genetic lineages known as B/Yamagata and B/Victoria may lead to a mismatch between the circulating virus and the strain recommended for use in influenza vaccines. Little is known about the protective efficacy of unmatched influenza B strains, especially when it comes to live attenuated influenza vaccine. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate the viability of using live attenuated influenza vaccine developed on B/USSR/60/69 backbone to protect against heterologous influenza B challenge infection. Methods: To estimate the potential crossprotective activity of monoand trivalent live attenuated vaccines based on B/Victoria or B/Yamagata genetic lineage virus against a heterological challenge, ferrets were given one dose of vaccine and then were challenged with influenza B virus. The ferrets were then monitored for clinical signs associated with influenza infection. Samples of the ferrets’ airways were tested for the presence of the challenge virus. Results: Monoand trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines were shown to be safe and cross-protective against genetically different influenza B viruses based on virological and histological data and clinical signs. A lower titer of heterologous challenge virus in the airways of the vaccinated ferrets compared to mock-vaccinated animals inoculated with the challenge virus was detected. Interestingly, B/Victoria-based vaccines were more cross-protective compared with B/Yamagata-based vaccines. Conclusion: In the case of mismatches of B component of the trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine and lineage of the circulating influenza B viruses, one of the options could be using trivalent preparation containing a B/Victoria lineage component.","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fereshteh Satarian, T. Nejadsattari, F. Vaziri, S. Siadat
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic mucosal human pathogen responsible for a wide range of acute and chronic infections. PA releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in all situations and environments. OMVs are bilayered proteolipids ranging in diameter from 50 to 250 nm. Recent studies have demonstrated that OMVs are related to PA pathogenesis. According to strain-dependent components of OMV, in this study, we aimed at identifying significant physicochemical differences among OMVs from lab strain ATCC 17933, an antibiotic-susceptible and an antibiotic-resistant PA clinical strains. Methods: OMVs of the three strains were purified using differential centrifugation with deoxycholate and EDTA. Chemical analyses were assessed using nano-drop, SDSPAGE and the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Moreover, electron microscopy was performed to verify the stability and totality of the extracted OMVs. Results: The nanodrop method and the LAL test showed that total protein and endotoxin concentrations were significantly different among all the 3 mentioned strains. In addition, the quality control of OMVs illustrated that the lab and the antibiotic-susceptible strains were approximately similar in terms of the vesicle yield and size; however they differed in protein contents. Moreover, OMVs generated from the resistant strain had a higher density, smaller size and sharper protein bands as observed by electron microscopy and SDSPAGE, respectively. Endotoxins measurement were 2.8, 2.9 and 3 EU/ml for OMVs from the lab, the antibiotic-susceptible and the resistant strains, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated that OMVs of the resistant PA strain may produce vesicles with a particular composition. This characterization profile provides a basis for future studies to elucidate immune responses to OMVs from PA and developing vaccines against Pseudomonal infections as a common nosocomial infection with extremely high resistance to antibiotics.
{"title":"Comparison of outer membrane vesicles of three different isolates from Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Fereshteh Satarian, T. Nejadsattari, F. Vaziri, S. Siadat","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic mucosal human pathogen responsible for a wide range of acute and chronic infections. PA releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in all situations and environments. OMVs are bilayered proteolipids ranging in diameter from 50 to 250 nm. Recent studies have demonstrated that OMVs are related to PA pathogenesis. According to strain-dependent components of OMV, in this study, we aimed at identifying significant physicochemical differences among OMVs from lab strain ATCC 17933, an antibiotic-susceptible and an antibiotic-resistant PA clinical strains. Methods: OMVs of the three strains were purified using differential centrifugation with deoxycholate and EDTA. Chemical analyses were assessed using nano-drop, SDSPAGE and the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Moreover, electron microscopy was performed to verify the stability and totality of the extracted OMVs. Results: The nanodrop method and the LAL test showed that total protein and endotoxin concentrations were significantly different among all the 3 mentioned strains. In addition, the quality control of OMVs illustrated that the lab and the antibiotic-susceptible strains were approximately similar in terms of the vesicle yield and size; however they differed in protein contents. Moreover, OMVs generated from the resistant strain had a higher density, smaller size and sharper protein bands as observed by electron microscopy and SDSPAGE, respectively. Endotoxins measurement were 2.8, 2.9 and 3 EU/ml for OMVs from the lab, the antibiotic-susceptible and the resistant strains, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated that OMVs of the resistant PA strain may produce vesicles with a particular composition. This characterization profile provides a basis for future studies to elucidate immune responses to OMVs from PA and developing vaccines against Pseudomonal infections as a common nosocomial infection with extremely high resistance to antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46873029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pertussis or whooping cough is one of the vaccine preventable diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroepidemiology of pertussis in two groups of children (i.e. under 2 months and 2-12 months old) who had been admitted to Tehran Children Hospital. Methods: Sampling from the children was done along with completing a questionnaire including demographic information, clinical symptoms and the history of the parents coughing. The levels of IgG-Ptx antibody were then measured using the children's sera. Results: Overall, 10.8% of the children were not immune, 78.3% were immune, and 10.9% had recent pertussis infections. Moreover, 19.4% of the female and 13.1% of the male subjects had the infection. In the age group less than two months, 16.6% were infected. The likelihood of new infection among the children less than 2 months old was 1.2 times higher than the control group (P < 0.004). Fifty percent of the children who were diagnosed with cyanosis in their clinical examinations had a recent infection (P <0.001). Conclusion: Pertussis appears to be endemic in Iran with children under one year old being at high risk of the infection. In this regard, maternal vaccination against pertussis for conferring passive immunity to the newborns could be considered as a protection
{"title":"Seroepidemiology of pertussis in a set of under one year old Iranian children","authors":"Ali Badamchi, S. Siadat, F. Shahcheraghi","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pertussis or whooping cough is one of the vaccine preventable diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroepidemiology of pertussis in two groups of children (i.e. under 2 months and 2-12 months old) who had been admitted to Tehran Children Hospital. Methods: Sampling from the children was done along with completing a questionnaire including demographic information, clinical symptoms and the history of the parents coughing. The levels of IgG-Ptx antibody were then measured using the children's sera. Results: Overall, 10.8% of the children were not immune, 78.3% were immune, and 10.9% had recent pertussis infections. Moreover, 19.4% of the female and 13.1% of the male subjects had the infection. In the age group less than two months, 16.6% were infected. The likelihood of new infection among the children less than 2 months old was 1.2 times higher than the control group (P < 0.004). Fifty percent of the children who were diagnosed with cyanosis in their clinical examinations had a recent infection (P <0.001). Conclusion: Pertussis appears to be endemic in Iran with children under one year old being at high risk of the infection. In this regard, maternal vaccination against pertussis for conferring passive immunity to the newborns could be considered as a protection","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45520640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) exhibits poor protective efficacy. However, BCG is the only licensed vaccine against human TB. This review discusses the main research progress in the field of TB vaccine development and will summarize the current status as well as the main challenges for the development of a safer and more efficient TB vaccine.
{"title":"The current status of bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccine protective efficacy","authors":"P. Méndez-Samperio","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) exhibits poor protective efficacy. However, BCG is the only licensed vaccine against human TB. This review discusses the main research progress in the field of TB vaccine development and will summarize the current status as well as the main challenges for the development of a safer and more efficient TB vaccine.","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 100-year-old Pasteur Institute of Iran is a research, manufacturing, and educational institute providing services in terms of public health. It has taken great steps towards producing required vaccines in Iran. The institute has played a key role in controlling infectious diseases in Iran by producing many vaccines such as smallpox, cholera, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) and recombinant hepatitis B as well as introducing infectious disease control programs and making use of diagnostic laboratories. The institute is currently pursuing a program to develop its production lines for human polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines and viral vaccines for the health system of Iran. This paper reviews manufacturing activities of this institute over the past 100 years. INTRODUCTION Vaccines prevent deaths of millions of children in the world. Growing efforts are being made to produce new vaccines and prevent other diseases. Given the usefulness of the vaccines, it has been argued that the life expectancy has been increased up to 30 years on average in the twentieth century (1). Vaccines consist of substances that are introduced into the body and provide immunization, and thus microbes cannot cause diseases in the body for a specified period. Vaccines are often used to prevent illnesses, and sometimes to treat and protect against microbes entering into the body. Sera are also injectable components containing a microbial substance derived from the inoculation of a microbial pathogen to animals; they are often used to treat diseases and sometimes to protect body against diseases (2). Before the Constitutional Revolution (1906 AD), the Iranian government was not taking the responsibility for the national health. After this period, the National Consultative Assembly passed laws to improve the national health and involved the government in this field. The Pasteur Institute of Iran was established to promote the public health of Iranians during the late Qajar period. During the first Pahlavi period, the provision of health was practically state-owned. In the second Pahlavi period and at the onset of the World War II, famine and infectious diseases became widespread in Iran and the role of prevention programs became more important in controlling infectious diseases (3). In 1953, the general vaccination law was passed by the National Consultative Assembly, followed by the immunization of target groups. Seemingly, this new preventive approach, along with Iranians gradual independence on domestic production of vaccines, was a symbol of the emergence of a dominant medical model in Iran and reduced dependence on foreign products. In the past 100 years, the productions of high-quality vaccines in accordance with the national and international standards and regulations against vaccine-preventable diseases in the Pasteur Institute of Iran and Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute have been successful activities to protect target groups, provide immunization and reduce t
拥有100年历史的伊朗巴斯德研究所是一家提供公共卫生服务的研究、制造和教育机构。它在伊朗生产所需疫苗方面采取了重大步骤。该研究所通过生产天花、霍乱、卡氏杆菌（BCG）和重组乙型肝炎等多种疫苗，以及引入传染病控制计划和利用诊断实验室，在控制伊朗传染病方面发挥了关键作用。该研究所目前正在实施一项计划，为伊朗卫生系统开发人类多糖结合疫苗和病毒疫苗的生产线。本文回顾了该研究所在过去100年中的制造活动。引言疫苗可防止世界上数百万儿童死亡。生产新疫苗和预防其他疾病的努力正在不断增加。鉴于疫苗的有用性，有人认为，在20世纪，预期寿命平均增加了30岁（1）。疫苗由引入体内并提供免疫的物质组成，因此微生物在特定时期内不会在体内引起疾病。疫苗通常用于预防疾病，有时还用于治疗和防止微生物进入体内。血清也是含有微生物物质的可注射组分，所述微生物物质来源于将微生物病原体接种到动物；它们通常用于治疗疾病，有时还用于保护身体免受疾病的侵害。在宪法革命（公元1906年）之前，伊朗政府没有对国民健康负责。在此期间之后，国民协商会议通过了改善国民健康的法律，并让政府参与这一领域。伊朗巴斯德研究所成立的目的是在卡贾尔后期促进伊朗人的公共健康。在第一个巴列维时期，医疗服务实际上是国有的。在第二次巴列维时期和第二次世界大战开始时，饥荒和传染病在伊朗变得普遍，预防计划在控制传染病方面的作用变得更加重要（3）。1953年，全国协商会议通过了《一般疫苗接种法》，随后对目标群体进行了免疫接种。这种新的预防方法，加上伊朗人逐渐独立于国内生产疫苗，似乎是伊朗出现主导医疗模式和减少对外国产品依赖的象征。在过去的100年里，伊朗巴斯德研究所和拉兹疫苗和血清研究所根据国家和国际标准和法规生产的针对疫苗可预防疾病的高质量疫苗是保护目标群体、提供免疫接种和减轻伊朗相关疾病负担的成功活动。自伊朗巴斯德研究所成立以来，疫苗和注射血清的生产一直是其主要服务（4）。伊朗巴斯德研究所的成立，编号：7:47，编号：2 2nd 20 20[D o I:10.292 52/v ac res s.6。1.33]Maslehat等人伊朗巴斯德研究所：伊朗疫苗生产和开发的领先研究所
{"title":"Pasteur Institute of Iran; a Leading Institute in the Production and Development of Vaccines in Iran","authors":"Sholeh Maslehat, D. Doroud, E. Mostafavi","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"The 100-year-old Pasteur Institute of Iran is a research, manufacturing, and educational institute providing services in terms of public health. It has taken great steps towards producing required vaccines in Iran. The institute has played a key role in controlling infectious diseases in Iran by producing many vaccines such as smallpox, cholera, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) and recombinant hepatitis B as well as introducing infectious disease control programs and making use of diagnostic laboratories. The institute is currently pursuing a program to develop its production lines for human polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines and viral vaccines for the health system of Iran. This paper reviews manufacturing activities of this institute over the past 100 years. INTRODUCTION Vaccines prevent deaths of millions of children in the world. Growing efforts are being made to produce new vaccines and prevent other diseases. Given the usefulness of the vaccines, it has been argued that the life expectancy has been increased up to 30 years on average in the twentieth century (1). Vaccines consist of substances that are introduced into the body and provide immunization, and thus microbes cannot cause diseases in the body for a specified period. Vaccines are often used to prevent illnesses, and sometimes to treat and protect against microbes entering into the body. Sera are also injectable components containing a microbial substance derived from the inoculation of a microbial pathogen to animals; they are often used to treat diseases and sometimes to protect body against diseases (2). Before the Constitutional Revolution (1906 AD), the Iranian government was not taking the responsibility for the national health. After this period, the National Consultative Assembly passed laws to improve the national health and involved the government in this field. The Pasteur Institute of Iran was established to promote the public health of Iranians during the late Qajar period. During the first Pahlavi period, the provision of health was practically state-owned. In the second Pahlavi period and at the onset of the World War II, famine and infectious diseases became widespread in Iran and the role of prevention programs became more important in controlling infectious diseases (3). In 1953, the general vaccination law was passed by the National Consultative Assembly, followed by the immunization of target groups. Seemingly, this new preventive approach, along with Iranians gradual independence on domestic production of vaccines, was a symbol of the emergence of a dominant medical model in Iran and reduced dependence on foreign products. In the past 100 years, the productions of high-quality vaccines in accordance with the national and international standards and regulations against vaccine-preventable diseases in the Pasteur Institute of Iran and Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute have been successful activities to protect target groups, provide immunization and reduce t","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44185239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahid Iranpur Mobarakeh, M. Modarressi, P. Rahimi, A. Bolhassani, E. Arefian
and the effectiveness of the modified SPION in siRNA delivery to HEK293 cells was evaluated. Results: The optimal concentration (50 µg/mL) of the modified SPION-containing anti-tat siRNA (with a range size of 50-70 nm and average zeta potential of +25 mV) was significantly internalized into the cells and decreased the expression of HIV-1 tat, more than 80%. Moreover, the nanoparticles showed no considerable toxicity on the cells. Conclusion: SPION could be optimized as a probable RNA/vaccine delivery system into target cells. Therefore, this study offers a therapeutic strategy against HIV or other infectious diseases.
{"title":"Modification of SPION nanocarriers for siRNA delivery: A therapeutic strategy against HIV infection","authors":"Vahid Iranpur Mobarakeh, M. Modarressi, P. Rahimi, A. Bolhassani, E. Arefian","doi":"10.29252/vacres.6.1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/vacres.6.1.43","url":null,"abstract":"and the effectiveness of the modified SPION in siRNA delivery to HEK293 cells was evaluated. Results: The optimal concentration (50 µg/mL) of the modified SPION-containing anti-tat siRNA (with a range size of 50-70 nm and average zeta potential of +25 mV) was significantly internalized into the cells and decreased the expression of HIV-1 tat, more than 80%. Moreover, the nanoparticles showed no considerable toxicity on the cells. Conclusion: SPION could be optimized as a probable RNA/vaccine delivery system into target cells. Therefore, this study offers a therapeutic strategy against HIV or other infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":52727,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41595850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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