Shizu no odamaki賤のおだまき(trans. The Thread From the Spool), a work of fiction composed presumably in the first half of the nineteenth century by an anonymous author, tells the novelized account of the lives and love story of two historical Japanese bushi 武士 or “warriors,” respectively named Yoshida Ōkura Kiyoie 吉田大蔵清家 (c. 1575-1599) and Hirata Sangorō Munetsugu 平田三五郎宗次 (c. 1585-1599). The two fighters lived in the Warring States period (Sengoku jidai戦国時代, 1467-1600) and died in combat during the “disturbance of Shōnai district” (Shōnai no ran庄内の乱, 1599-1600), one of the many conflicts that took place in this age of constant bloodshed. In presenting their fictionalized biography, Shizu no odamaki operates on two intertwining levels: one romantic, providing an idealized narration of the protagonists’ tie based on the so-called “Way of the Youth” (Wakashudō若衆道), the relationship between an adult man and an adolescent male, and of Sangorō’s juvenile beauty, and one ethical, depicting the characters’ feelings as a powerful catalyzer that assists them in their pursuit of the “Way of the Warrior” (Bushidō武士道). The two Ways, of male same-sex love and combat, thereby support each other in a virtuous circle. In proving the connection between Kiyoie and Sangorō’s sentiments and their commendable behavior as soldiers, the text pursues a didactic end by indicating their amorous and martial deeds as an authoritative example for the contemporaneous reader to emulate.In the following I provide an annotated translation of Shizu no odamaki. To prepare readers for the text, I offer in the next sections an overview of the lives of the historical Sangorō and Kiyoie figures as well as information about the records from which the narrative draws inspiration. Second, I present an analysis of the main coeval notions and social practices that the title invokes to conceptualize and portray the romantic relation between the two characters. Finally, I insert an outline of the diverging, and often conflicting, ways the narration was received and reinterpreted in the first decades of the Meiji era.
Shizu no odamaki賤のおだまき《卷轴上的线索》（The Thread From The Spool）是一部虚构作品，大概创作于19世纪上半叶，作者是一位匿名作家，告诉了两位历史上的日本人的生活和爱情故事武士 或“战士”，分别命名为YoshidaŌkura Kiyoie吉田大蔵清家 （约1575-1599年）和平田尚吾平田三五郎宗次 （约1585-1599年）。这两位战士生活在战国时代（仙谷纪代戦国時代, 1467年至1460年），在“什ōnai地区动乱”期间死于战斗庄内の乱, 1599-1600年），这是在这个不断流血的时代发生的众多冲突之一。在呈现他们的虚构传记时，小丸真司在两个交织的层面上运作：一个是浪漫主义，根据所谓的“青春之路”（Wakashudō若衆道), 一个成年男子和一个青春期男子之间的关系，桑戈的青春之美，以及一种伦理，将人物的情感描绘成一种强大的催化剂，帮助他们追求“战士之道”（Bushidō武士道). 这两种方式，男性同性的爱和斗争，从而在一个良性循环中相互支持。在证明Kiyoie和Sangorō的情感和他们作为士兵值得赞扬的行为之间的联系时，文本追求说教的目的，将他们的恋爱和军事行为作为当代读者效仿的权威榜样。在下文中，我提供了Shizu no odamaki的注释翻译。为了让读者为文本做好准备，我在接下来的章节中概述了历史上桑戈和Kiyoie人物的生活，以及有关叙事灵感来源的记录的信息。其次，我分析了标题所引用的主要的同时代观念和社会实践，以概念化和描绘两个角色之间的浪漫关系。最后，我插入了一个大纲，概述了明治时代前几十年接受和重新解释叙事的不同方式，而且往往是矛盾的。
{"title":"Shizu no odamaki or \"The Thread from the Spool\": Male Same-Sex Love and the Warrior Ethos in a Nineteenth-Century Historical Tale","authors":"Daniele Durante","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.197","url":null,"abstract":"Shizu no odamaki賤のおだまき(trans. The Thread From the Spool), a work of fiction composed presumably in the first half of the nineteenth century by an anonymous author, tells the novelized account of the lives and love story of two historical Japanese bushi 武士 or “warriors,” respectively named Yoshida Ōkura Kiyoie 吉田大蔵清家 (c. 1575-1599) and Hirata Sangorō Munetsugu 平田三五郎宗次 (c. 1585-1599). The two fighters lived in the Warring States period (Sengoku jidai戦国時代, 1467-1600) and died in combat during the “disturbance of Shōnai district” (Shōnai no ran庄内の乱, 1599-1600), one of the many conflicts that took place in this age of constant bloodshed. In presenting their fictionalized biography, Shizu no odamaki operates on two intertwining levels: one romantic, providing an idealized narration of the protagonists’ tie based on the so-called “Way of the Youth” (Wakashudō若衆道), the relationship between an adult man and an adolescent male, and of Sangorō’s juvenile beauty, and one ethical, depicting the characters’ feelings as a powerful catalyzer that assists them in their pursuit of the “Way of the Warrior” (Bushidō武士道). The two Ways, of male same-sex love and combat, thereby support each other in a virtuous circle. In proving the connection between Kiyoie and Sangorō’s sentiments and their commendable behavior as soldiers, the text pursues a didactic end by indicating their amorous and martial deeds as an authoritative example for the contemporaneous reader to emulate.In the following I provide an annotated translation of Shizu no odamaki. To prepare readers for the text, I offer in the next sections an overview of the lives of the historical Sangorō and Kiyoie figures as well as information about the records from which the narrative draws inspiration. Second, I present an analysis of the main coeval notions and social practices that the title invokes to conceptualize and portray the romantic relation between the two characters. Finally, I insert an outline of the diverging, and often conflicting, ways the narration was received and reinterpreted in the first decades of the Meiji era.","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46863494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ambivalent Modernity and Exoticism: Japanese Doll-Like Women in Pierre Loti’s Madame Chrysanthème and Tanizaki Jun'ichirō’s Tade kū mushi","authors":"","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.194","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>l</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49561598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the complexity and difficulty of discourse-level grammar acquisition, narrative construction can be a challenging task for many language learners as well as for language teachers to provide guidance in classroom. This paper provides a structure for narrative production practices that are based on assigned dialogues in classroom setting by following the Japanese narrative structure of kishōtenketsu 起承転結 (introduction, development, twist, and conclusion), and William Labov’s (1972) six components of a natural narrative model—Abstract Orientation, Complicating Action, Resolution, Evaluation, and Coda. Sample narrations in Japanese are provided to discuss a selected set of discourse-level features commonly used in each phase of narrative production. As pedagogical implications, this paper provides a step-by-step instruction on how to conduct narrative rehearsals in classroom by using a dialogue from the NihonGO NOW! series (Noda, et al. 2020). It also discusses ways to provide support and opportunities for language learners’ narrative skill development.
{"title":"From Acting Out Stories to Telling Stories: Elicitation of Oral Narrative Productions in the Japanese Language Classroom","authors":"Shinsuke Tsuchiya","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.238","url":null,"abstract":"Given the complexity and difficulty of discourse-level grammar acquisition, narrative construction can be a challenging task for many language learners as well as for language teachers to provide guidance in classroom. This paper provides a structure for narrative production practices that are based on assigned dialogues in classroom setting by following the Japanese narrative structure of kishōtenketsu 起承転結 (introduction, development, twist, and conclusion), and William Labov’s (1972) six components of a natural narrative model—Abstract Orientation, Complicating Action, Resolution, Evaluation, and Coda. Sample narrations in Japanese are provided to discuss a selected set of discourse-level features commonly used in each phase of narrative production. As pedagogical implications, this paper provides a step-by-step instruction on how to conduct narrative rehearsals in classroom by using a dialogue from the NihonGO NOW! series (Noda, et al. 2020). It also discusses ways to provide support and opportunities for language learners’ narrative skill development.","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43274385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yamamba: In Search of the Japanese Mountain Witch","authors":"J. Shouse","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.278","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disruptions of Daily Life: Japanese Literary Modernism in the World","authors":"C. Exley","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.280","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Values in Numbers: Reading Japanese Literature in a Global Information Age","authors":"George T. Sipos","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.279","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42166421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparison between a translation and its original sends the author on a quest to explain a seeming discrepancy between the two versions. Edogawa Ranpo’s 1925 story “Ningen isu” contains four paragraphs that have been silently omitted from James B. Harris’s 1956 translation, “The Human Chair.” The omitted passage treats the theme of political assassination, and it is plausible that the omission is not accidental. Investigation into the matter, however, has not yet clarified how the passage came to be omitted. The author of the present paper describes how he structured a lesson on Edogawa’s text, summarizes his students’ contributions to a discussion of the omitted passage, and offers some observations on the benefits of disseminating seemingly inconclusive research results.
{"title":"An Unsolved Mystery: The Paragraphs Omitted from Edogawa Ranpo’s “The Human Chair”","authors":"S. Mehl","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.266","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison between a translation and its original sends the author on a quest to explain a seeming discrepancy between the two versions. Edogawa Ranpo’s 1925 story “Ningen isu” contains four paragraphs that have been silently omitted from James B. Harris’s 1956 translation, “The Human Chair.” The omitted passage treats the theme of political assassination, and it is plausible that the omission is not accidental. Investigation into the matter, however, has not yet clarified how the passage came to be omitted. The author of the present paper describes how he structured a lesson on Edogawa’s text, summarizes his students’ contributions to a discussion of the omitted passage, and offers some observations on the benefits of disseminating seemingly inconclusive research results.","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49471034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kanbun, Kundoku, and the Language of Literary Sinitic: Terminological Issues in the Study of Sinography in Japan","authors":"B. Morley","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.237","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44685590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the postwar 1960s, Kono Taeko (1926-2015) debuted with shocking stories of alienated modern women whose fantasies of pleasure in sadistic violence, masochism, and pederasty belied their otherwise routine exterior worlds. Kono's "Todder-Hunting" (Yojigari, 1961) remains most well known and representative but other works, including the Akutagawa Award-winning "Crabs" (Kani, 1963) that appeared in Lucy North's translated collection, cemented Kono's reputation and her reception in English as a writer of disturbing psychosexual fantasy. If critics read history into her work at all, it would be in order to note how Kono's heroines, like their author, emerged with such violent and repressed force on the literary scene precisely because of an unsustainable historical exclusion of women's voices. While this is partially true, it does not tell the whole story. This essay argues that Kono Taeko's fictional world can best be understood by also taking into account her reputation in Japan as a member of the senchuha, or wartime generation. In short, her wartime experiences in Osaka would go on to shape her choice of career and the kind of fiction she would later write. This essay analyzes in depth "Behind Bars" (Hei no naka, 1962), one of the few explicitly autobiographical works published by Kono around the same time as "Toddler Hunting," in order to contend that her wartime experiences of factory mobilization and terrifying daily bombing on the so-called "home front" would later shape her stories of violent gender relations, oppressive household institutions (ie seido), and lost childhood. Superimposing the irrational realities of wartime structures over fantasies of normal domestic life in "Behind Bars," Kono found a productive locus of distortion to motivate much of her later fiction.
在战后的20世纪60年代，河野太子(1926-2015)以令人震惊的故事首次亮相，讲述了被疏远的现代女性的故事，她们对虐待狂暴力、受虐狂和鸡奸的快乐幻想掩盖了她们原本常规的外部世界。河野的《猎童记》(Yojigari, 1961)仍然是最著名和最具代表性的作品，但其他作品，包括在露西·诺斯的翻译集中获得芥川奖的《螃蟹》(Kani, 1963)，巩固了河野作为令人不安的性心理幻想作家的声誉和她在英语中的地位。如果评论家们真的把历史解读到她的作品中，那将是为了注意河野笔下的女主人公，就像她们的作者一样，如何在文坛上以如此暴力和压抑的力量出现，正是因为历史上对女性声音的不可持续的排斥。虽然这是部分正确的，但它并不能说明全部情况。本文认为，要理解河野太子的小说世界，最好考虑到她在日本作为“战时一代”成员的名声。简而言之，她在大阪的战时经历影响了她的职业选择和她后来写的小说类型。这篇文章深入分析了《铁窗后面》(Hei no naka, 1962)，这是河野在《追捕幼童》出版的同时出版的为数不多的明确的自传体作品之一，以证明她战时工厂动员和所谓的“后方”可怕的日常轰炸的经历，后来塑造了她关于暴力的两性关系、压迫性的家庭制度(即seido)和失去的童年的故事。在《铁窗后》中，河野将战时结构的非理性现实与对正常家庭生活的幻想叠加在一起，发现了一个扭曲的创作场所，为她后来的许多小说提供了灵感。
{"title":"Toddler-Hunting in Wartime: Kōno Taeko’s “On the Inside”","authors":"Mary A. Knighton","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.230","url":null,"abstract":"In the postwar 1960s, Kono Taeko (1926-2015) debuted with shocking stories of alienated modern women whose fantasies of pleasure in sadistic violence, masochism, and pederasty belied their otherwise routine exterior worlds. Kono's \"Todder-Hunting\" (Yojigari, 1961) remains most well known and representative but other works, including the Akutagawa Award-winning \"Crabs\" (Kani, 1963) that appeared in Lucy North's translated collection, cemented Kono's reputation and her reception in English as a writer of disturbing psychosexual fantasy. If critics read history into her work at all, it would be in order to note how Kono's heroines, like their author, emerged with such violent and repressed force on the literary scene precisely because of an unsustainable historical exclusion of women's voices. While this is partially true, it does not tell the whole story. This essay argues that Kono Taeko's fictional world can best be understood by also taking into account her reputation in Japan as a member of the senchuha, or wartime generation. In short, her wartime experiences in Osaka would go on to shape her choice of career and the kind of fiction she would later write. This essay analyzes in depth \"Behind Bars\" (Hei no naka, 1962), one of the few explicitly autobiographical works published by Kono around the same time as \"Toddler Hunting,\" in order to contend that her wartime experiences of factory mobilization and terrifying daily bombing on the so-called \"home front\" would later shape her stories of violent gender relations, oppressive household institutions (ie seido), and lost childhood. Superimposing the irrational realities of wartime structures over fantasies of normal domestic life in \"Behind Bars,\" Kono found a productive locus of distortion to motivate much of her later fiction.","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47004975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper argues that translation — especially of works of literature — allows advanced language learners to pursue their intellectual interests, challenge their linguistic knowledge, and explore possibilities for further language learning. Translating literature not only puts their knowledge and repertories to test but also exposes them to the joy of using language for creative activity. Working with classmates through discussion and peer review, learners accustomed to independent work will learn to appreciate collaboration as well. Practice of translanguaging, i.e., a fluid use of two (or more) languages back and forth (García & Wei, 2014), in process of translation, maximizes the accessibility of learners’ semiotic resources in diverse contexts for their meaning-making process. This paper focuses on a case study to demonstrate the positive outcomes of language learning with literature translation and concludes with suggestions for future study.
{"title":"Translating Literature in an Advanced Japanese Language Classroom: Izu no odoriko","authors":"Nobuko Chikamatsu, Miho Matsugu","doi":"10.5195/jll.2022.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jll.2022.246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that translation — especially of works of literature — allows advanced language learners to pursue their intellectual interests, challenge their linguistic knowledge, and explore possibilities for further language learning. Translating literature not only puts their knowledge and repertories to test but also exposes them to the joy of using language for creative activity. Working with classmates through discussion and peer review, learners accustomed to independent work will learn to appreciate collaboration as well. Practice of translanguaging, i.e., a fluid use of two (or more) languages back and forth (García & Wei, 2014), in process of translation, maximizes the accessibility of learners’ semiotic resources in diverse contexts for their meaning-making process. This paper focuses on a case study to demonstrate the positive outcomes of language learning with literature translation and concludes with suggestions for future study. ","PeriodicalId":52809,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Language and Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46234734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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