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Software techniques for training restricted Boltzmann machines on size-constrained quantum annealing hardware 在尺寸受限量子退火硬件上训练受限玻尔兹曼机的软件技术
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1286591
Ilmo Salmenperä, Jukka K. Nurminen
Restricted Boltzmann machines are common machine learning models that can utilize quantum annealing devices in their training processes as quantum samplers. While this approach has shown promise as an alternative to classical sampling methods, the limitations of quantum annealing hardware, such as the number of qubits and the lack of connectivity between the qubits, still pose a barrier to wide-scale adoption. We propose the use of multiple software techniques such as dropout method, passive labeling, and parallelization techniques for addressing these hardware limitations. The study found that using these techniques along with quantum sampling showed comparable results to its classical counterparts in certain contexts, while in others the increased complexity of the sampling process hindered the performance of the trained models. This means that further research into the behavior of quantum sampling needs to be done to apply quantum annealing to training tasks of more complicated RBM models.
受限玻尔兹曼机是一种常见的机器学习模型,它可以在训练过程中利用量子退火装置作为量子采样器。虽然这种方法已经显示出作为经典采样方法的替代方案的希望,但量子退火硬件的局限性,例如量子位的数量和量子位之间缺乏连接,仍然对大规模采用构成障碍。我们建议使用多种软件技术,如dropout方法,被动标记和并行化技术来解决这些硬件限制。研究发现,在某些情况下,使用这些技术和量子采样显示出与经典采样相当的结果,而在其他情况下,采样过程的复杂性增加阻碍了训练模型的性能。这意味着需要进一步研究量子采样的行为,以便将量子退火应用于更复杂的RBM模型的训练任务。
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引用次数: 0
Violence region localization in video and the school violent actions classification 视频中的暴力区域定位与校园暴力行为分类
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1274928
Ngo Duong Ha, Nhu Y. Tran, Le Nhi Lam Thuy, Ikuko Shimizu, Pham The Bao
Classification of school violence has been proven to be an effective solution for preventing violence within educational institutions. As a result, technical proposals aimed at enhancing the efficacy of violence classification are of considerable interest to researchers. This study explores the utilization of the SORT tracking method for localizing and tracking objects in videos related to school violence, coupled with the application of LSTM and GRU methods to enhance the accuracy of the violence classification model. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of a padding box to localize, identify actions, and recover tracked objects lost during video playback. The integration of these techniques offers a robust and efficient system for analyzing and preventing violence in educational environments. The results demonstrate that object localization and recovery algorithms yield improved violent classification outcomes compared to both the SORT tracking and violence classification algorithms alone, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 72.13%. These experimental findings hold promise, especially in educational settings, where the assumption of camera stability is justifiable. This distinction is crucial due to the unique characteristics of violence in educational environments, setting it apart from other forms of violence.
事实证明,对校园暴力进行分类是预防教育机构内暴力的有效办法。因此,旨在提高暴力分类效果的技术建议引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。本研究探索利用SORT跟踪方法对校园暴力相关视频中的对象进行定位和跟踪,并结合LSTM和GRU方法的应用,提高暴力分类模型的准确性。此外,我们引入了填充盒的概念来定位,识别动作,并恢复在视频播放过程中丢失的跟踪对象。这些技术的整合为分析和预防教育环境中的暴力提供了一个强大而有效的系统。结果表明,与单独使用SORT跟踪和暴力分类算法相比,目标定位和恢复算法产生了更好的暴力分类结果,达到了令人印象深刻的72.13%的准确率。这些实验结果带来了希望,特别是在教育环境中,相机稳定性的假设是合理的。这一区别至关重要,因为教育环境中的暴力具有独特的特征,使其有别于其他形式的暴力。
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引用次数: 0
Workplace approaches to teaching digital accessibility: establishing a common foundation of awareness and understanding 数字化无障碍教学的工作场所方法:建立意识和理解的共同基础
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1155864
Sarah Lewthwaite, Sarah Horton, Andy Coverdale
Accessibility in the digital world is a shared responsibility, requiring a common foundation of awareness and understanding. However, little is known about how digital accessibility can be effectively taught, and research on workplace teaching and training in accessibility is highly scarce, despite its crucial role in building accessibility capacity in the workforce. This paper considers workplace accessibility pedagogy to focus on aspects of foundational education, characterized as a pedagogically informed set of teaching strategies, cultivated through organizational and workplace cultures and practices. It contributes an analysis and synthesis of pedagogic research with 55 experienced accessibility educators in higher education and the workplace, in the UK and internationally, drawing on insights from expert panel methods including interviews, forums and focus groups. We find that digital accessibility is identified as a necessary core competency for an inclusive digital world. We examine the prevalent approaches that experienced workplace educators use to establish foundational awareness and understanding of accessibility to enable learners to achieve core learning objectives. We report the challenges that workplace educators face, negotiating different contexts and working practices and adapting foundational learning experiences to meet the pedagogic demands of different roles, responsibilities, and specialist advancement. In doing so, we demonstrate that establishing a common foundation of awareness and understanding is the basis for a pedagogic framework for digital accessibility education, with relevance for both workplace and academic settings.
数字世界中的无障碍是一项共同责任,需要有共同的认识和理解基础。然而,人们对如何有效地教授数字可及性知之甚少,关于可及性的工作场所教学和培训的研究非常缺乏,尽管它在建设劳动力的可及性能力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文认为工作场所无障碍教学法关注基础教育的各个方面,其特点是通过组织和工作场所文化和实践培养的一套教学策略。它对英国和国际上55位在高等教育和工作场所经验丰富的无障碍教育工作者的教学研究进行了分析和综合,并借鉴了专家小组方法(包括访谈、论坛和焦点小组)的见解。我们发现,数字无障碍被确定为包容性数字世界的必要核心竞争力。我们研究了经验丰富的职场教育工作者用来建立对可及性的基本认识和理解的流行方法,使学习者能够实现核心学习目标。我们报告了职场教育者所面临的挑战,如何在不同的环境和工作实践中进行谈判,如何调整基础学习经验,以满足不同角色、责任和专业发展的教学需求。在此过程中,我们证明了建立一个共同的意识和理解基础是数字无障碍教育教学框架的基础,与工作场所和学术环境相关。
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引用次数: 0
Heart fire for online live-streamed concerts: a pilot study of a smartwatch-based musician-listener interaction system 在线直播音乐会的心火:基于智能手表的音乐家-听众互动系统的试点研究
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1150348
Tianyi Wang, Shima Okada
Online live-streaming has become an essential segment of the music industry in the post-COVID- era. However, methods to enhance interaction between musicians and listeners at online concerts are yet to be adequately researched. In this pilot study, we propose Heart Fire, a system to promote musician-listener interaction that visualizes the listeners' mental states using a smartwatch-based architecture. Accordingly, the listeners' heart rates are first measured using a Galaxy smartwatch and then processed into a real-time animation of a burning flame, whose intensity is dependent on the heart rate, using Azure Kinect and TouchDesigner. The feasibility of the proposed system was confirmed using an experiment involving ten subjects. Each subject selected two types of music-cheerful and relaxing. The BPM and energy of each song were measured, and each subject's heart rate was monitored. Subsequently, each subject was asked to answer a questionnaire about the emotions they experienced. The results demonstrated that the proposed system is capable of visualizing audience response to music in real time.
在线直播已经成为后新冠时代音乐产业的重要组成部分。然而,如何在网上音乐会中加强音乐家和听众之间的互动还没有得到充分的研究。在这项初步研究中,我们提出了一个名为Heart Fire的系统,该系统旨在促进音乐家与听众的互动,通过基于智能手表的架构将听众的心理状态可视化。因此,首先使用Galaxy智能手表测量听众的心率,然后使用Azure Kinect和TouchDesigner将其处理成燃烧火焰的实时动画,火焰的强度取决于心率。通过10名受试者的实验,验证了该系统的可行性。每个受试者选择两种类型的音乐——欢快的和放松的。测量每首歌的BPM和能量,并监测每个受试者的心率。随后,每位受试者被要求回答一份关于他们所经历的情绪的问卷。结果表明,所提出的系统能够实时可视化观众对音乐的反应。
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引用次数: 0
A machine learning approach to predict DevOps readiness and adaptation in a heterogeneous IT environment 一种在异构IT环境中预测DevOps准备和适应的机器学习方法
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1214722
Gopalakrishnan Sriraman, Shriram R.
Software and information systems have become a core competency for every business in this connected world. Any enhancement in software delivery and operations will tremendously impact businesses and society. Sustainable software development is one of the key focus areas for software organizations. The application of intelligent automation leveraging artificial intelligence and cloud computing to deliver continuous value from software is in its nascent stage across the industry and is evolving rapidly. The advent of agile methodologies with DevOps has increased software quality and accelerated its delivery. Numerous software organizations have adopted DevOps to develop and operate their software systems and improve efficiency. Software organizations try to implement DevOps activities by taking advantage of various expert services. The adoption of DevOps by software organizations is beset with multiple challenges. These issues can be overcome by understanding and structurally addressing the pain points. This paper presents the preliminary analysis of the interviews with the relevant stakeholders. Ground truths were established and applied to evaluate various machine learning algorithms to compare their accuracy and test our hypothesis. This study aims to help researchers and practitioners understand the adoption of DevOps and the contexts in which the DevOps practices are viable. The experimental results will show that machine learning can predict an organization's readiness to adopt DevOps.
在这个互联的世界里,软件和信息系统已经成为每个企业的核心竞争力。软件交付和操作的任何改进都将极大地影响企业和社会。可持续的软件开发是软件组织关注的关键领域之一。利用人工智能和云计算从软件中提供持续价值的智能自动化应用在整个行业处于初级阶段,并且正在迅速发展。随着DevOps的出现,敏捷方法提高了软件质量,加快了交付速度。许多软件组织已经采用DevOps来开发和操作他们的软件系统并提高效率。软件组织试图通过利用各种专家服务来实现DevOps活动。软件组织对DevOps的采用面临着多重挑战。这些问题可以通过理解和结构化地解决痛点来克服。本文对相关利益相关者的访谈进行了初步分析。我们建立了基础真理,并将其应用于评估各种机器学习算法,以比较它们的准确性并测试我们的假设。本研究旨在帮助研究人员和实践者理解DevOps的采用以及DevOps实践可行的环境。实验结果将表明,机器学习可以预测组织采用DevOps的准备情况。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the quality of the acoustic environment in neonatal intensive care units: a review of scientific literature and technological solutions 改善新生儿重症监护病房的声环境质量:科学文献和技术解决方案综述
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1156693
Sara Lenzi, Simone Spagnol, Elif Özcan
There is an increased awareness of how the quality of the acoustic environment impacts the lives of human beings. Several studies have shown that sound pollution has adverse effects on many populations, from infants to adults, in different environments and workplaces. Hospitals are susceptible environments that require special attention since sound can aggravate patients' health issues and negatively impact the performance of healthcare professionals. This paper focuses on Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) as an especially sensitive case representing a hostile acoustic environment in which healthcare professionals have little awareness of how unwanted sounds impact the perceived quality of the soundscape. We performed a semi-systematic review of scientific literature on sound assessment studies in NICU from 2001. A thematic analysis was performed to identify emerging themes that informed the analysis of 27 technological solutions for the assessment of sound quality in indoor and outdoor environments. Solutions were categorized by functions and evaluation methods and grouped according to the characteristics of the design components, i.e., acquisition, computation, and communication strategies. Results highlight a lack of solutions to assess the qualitative characteristics of indoor environments such as NICU and forecast the footprint that different sound sources have on the indoor soundscape. Such solutions are urgently needed to empower healthcare professionals, and especially nurses, to actively modify and prevent the negative impact of unwanted sounds on NICU and critical care soundscape.
人们越来越意识到声环境的质量如何影响人类的生活。几项研究表明,在不同的环境和工作场所,从婴儿到成年人,声音污染对许多人群都有不利影响。医院是易受影响的环境,需要特别注意,因为声音会加剧患者的健康问题,并对医疗保健专业人员的工作产生负面影响。这篇论文的重点是新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)作为一个特别敏感的情况下,代表一个敌对的声环境,其中医疗保健专业人员很少意识到不需要的声音如何影响声景的感知质量。我们对2001年以来新生儿重症监护病房的健康评估研究的科学文献进行了半系统回顾。进行了主题分析,以确定新出现的主题,这些主题为评估室内和室外环境中声音质量的27种技术解决办法的分析提供了信息。根据功能和评估方法对解决方案进行分类,并根据设计组件的特征(即获取策略、计算策略和通信策略)对解决方案进行分组。结果表明,缺乏评估室内环境(如新生儿重症监护室)的定性特征和预测不同声源对室内声景观的影响的解决方案。迫切需要这样的解决方案来授权医疗保健专业人员,特别是护士,积极修改和防止不必要的声音对新生儿重症监护室和重症监护音景的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
The development of a Modular Accessible Musical Instrument Technology Toolkit using action research 采用行动研究的模块化无障碍乐器技术工具包的开发
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1113078
Asha Ward
Within the field of digital musical instruments, there have been a growing number of technological developments aimed at addressing the issue of accessibility to music-making for disabled people. This study summarizes the development of one such technological system—The Modular Accessible Musical Instrument Technology Toolkit (MAMI Tech Toolkit). The four tools in the toolkit and accompanying software were developed over 5 years using an action research methodology. A range of stakeholders across four research sites were involved in the development. This study outlines the methodological process, the stakeholder involvement, and how the data were used to inform the design of the toolkit. The accessibility of the toolkit is also discussed alongside findings that have emerged from the process. This study adds to the established canon of research around accessible digital musical instruments by documenting the creation of an accessible toolkit grounded in both theory and practical application of third-wave human–computer interaction methods. This study contributes to the discourse around the use of participatory and iterative methods to explore issues with, and barriers to, active music-making with music technology. Outlined is the development of each of the novel tools in the toolkit, the functionality they offer, as well as the accessibility issues they address. The study advances knowledge around active music-making using music technology, as well as in working with diverse users to create these new types of systems.
在数字乐器领域,有越来越多的技术发展旨在解决残疾人获得音乐制作的问题。本研究总结了一个这样的技术系统-模块化无障碍乐器技术工具包(MAMI技术工具包)的发展。工具包中的四个工具和配套软件是使用行动研究方法在5年内开发的。四个研究地点的一系列利益相关者参与了开发。本研究概述了方法论过程、涉众的参与,以及如何使用数据来通知工具包的设计。还讨论了该工具包的可访问性以及从该过程中产生的发现。本研究通过记录基于第三波人机交互方法的理论和实际应用的可访问工具包的创建,为围绕可访问数字乐器的研究增添了既定的经典。本研究有助于围绕使用参与式和迭代式方法来探索使用音乐技术进行主动音乐制作的问题和障碍的论述。概述了工具包中每个新工具的开发、它们提供的功能以及它们解决的可访问性问题。这项研究推进了使用音乐技术进行主动音乐制作的知识,以及与不同用户合作创建这些新型系统的知识。
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引用次数: 1
User experience with disinformation-countering tools: usability challenges and suggestions for improvement 使用虚假信息对抗工具的用户体验:可用性挑战和改进建议
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1253166
Kimberley Nault, Umar Ruhi
Digital media has facilitated information spread and simultaneously opened a gateway for the distribution of disinformation. Websites and browser extensions have been put forth to mitigate its harm; however, there is a lack of research exploring their efficacy and user experiences. To address this gap, we conducted a usability evaluation of two websites and three browser extensions. Using a mixed methods approach, data from a heuristic evaluation and a moderated, task-based usability evaluation are analyzed in triangulation with data collected using summative evaluations. Challenges are identified to stem from users’ inability to understand results due to the presentation of information, unclear terminology, or lack of explanations. As a solution, we recommend four design principles: First is to establish credibility, second is to improve the general visual layout and design of the tools, third is to improve search capabilities, and finally, heavy importance should be given to the depth and presentation of information.
数字媒体促进了信息的传播,同时也为虚假信息的传播打开了大门。网站和浏览器扩展已被推出以减轻其危害;然而,缺乏对其功效和用户体验的研究。为了解决这个问题,我们对两个网站和三个浏览器扩展进行了可用性评估。使用混合方法的方法,从启发式评估和适度的,基于任务的可用性评估的数据进行三角分析,使用总结性评估收集的数据。挑战被确定为源于用户由于信息的呈现、术语不清或缺乏解释而无法理解结果。作为解决方案,我们推荐四个设计原则:第一是建立可信度,第二是改进工具的总体视觉布局和设计,第三是提高搜索能力,最后,应高度重视信息的深度和呈现。
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引用次数: 0
Congratulations! You are severely underweight—Exploring negative consequences of persuasive system design 恭喜你!你体重严重不足——探究说服性系统设计的负面影响
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1215588
Rikard Harr, Linnea Öhlund
Personal health and wellbeing have grown as an object of study within HCI research and many individuals undergoing weight loss journeys use persuasive systems, such as weight loss apps, to guide them. These systems rely on various principles to persuade users toward their health goal and have in much research been considered having positive effects. There are however also parallel findings indicating unwanted effects. To explore the effects of persuasive system design, we conduct a longitudinal exploratory expert evaluation of 10 free weight loss tracking apps by emulating drastic weight loss for an extended period of time. The objective of the exploration is to unravel potential negative effects of using such systems. Our findings highlight risks of negative effects as some apps take a passive stance toward drastic weight loss, while others actively encourage it through design. We contribute to a growing strand of health related HCI research by mapping out the relation between design and negative consequences of persuasive system use.
个人健康和幸福已经成为HCI研究的一个研究对象,许多正在经历减肥旅程的人使用劝说系统,如减肥应用程序,来指导他们。这些系统依靠不同的原则来说服用户实现他们的健康目标,并且在许多研究中被认为具有积极的效果。然而,也有类似的发现表明了有害的影响。为了探索说服系统设计的效果,我们通过模拟长时间的剧烈减肥,对10个免费减肥跟踪应用程序进行了纵向探索性专家评估。探索的目的是揭示使用这些系统的潜在负面影响。我们的研究结果强调了负面影响的风险,因为一些应用程序对剧烈减肥采取被动立场,而另一些应用程序则通过设计积极鼓励减肥。我们通过绘制设计与说服性系统使用的负面后果之间的关系,为不断增长的健康相关HCI研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing attention in autism spectrum disorder: comparative analysis of virtual reality-based training programs using physiological data 增强对自闭症谱系障碍的关注:使用生理数据的基于虚拟现实的训练计划的比较分析
Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1250652
Bhavya Sri Sanku, Yi (Joy) Li, Sungchul Jung, Chao Mei, Jing (Selena) He
Background The ability to maintain attention is crucial for achieving success in various aspects of life, including academic pursuits, career advancement, and social interactions. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a common symptom associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which can pose challenges for individuals affected by it, impacting their social interactions and learning abilities. To address this issue, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for attention training with the ability to create personalized virtual worlds, providing a conducive platform for attention-focused interventions. Furthermore, leveraging physiological data can be instrumental in the development and enhancement of attention-training techniques for individuals. Methods In our preliminary study, a functional prototype for attention therapy systems was developed. In the current phase, the objective is to create a framework called VR-PDA (Virtual Reality Physiological Data Analysis) that utilizes physiological data for tracking and improving attention in individuals. Four distinct training strategies such as noise, score, object opacity, and red vignette are implemented in this framework. The primary goal is to leverage virtual reality technology and physiological data analysis to enhance attentional capabilities. Results Our data analysis results revealed that reinforcement training strategies are crucial for improving attention in individuals with ASD, while they are not significant for non-autistic individuals. Among all the different strategies employed, the noise strategy demonstrates superior efficacy in training attention among individuals with ASD. On the other hand, for Non-ASD individuals, no specific training proves to be effective in enhancing attention. The total gazing time feature exhibited benefits for participants with and without ASD. Discussion The results consistently demonstrated favorable outcomes for both groups, indicating an enhanced level of attentiveness. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of different strategies for attention training and emphasize the potential of virtual reality (VR) and physiological data in attention training programs for individuals with ASD. The results of this study open up new avenues for further research and inspire future developments.
保持注意力的能力对于在生活的各个方面取得成功至关重要,包括学术追求、职业发展和社会交往。注意缺陷障碍(ADD)是一种与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)相关的常见症状,它会给受其影响的个体带来挑战,影响他们的社交和学习能力。为了解决这个问题,虚拟现实(VR)已经成为一种有前途的注意力训练工具,能够创建个性化的虚拟世界,为注意力集中的干预提供了有利的平台。此外,利用生理数据可以帮助发展和提高个人的注意力训练技术。方法在我们的初步研究中,开发了一个注意力治疗系统的功能原型。在当前阶段,目标是创建一个名为VR-PDA(虚拟现实生理数据分析)的框架,利用生理数据来跟踪和提高个人的注意力。在这个框架中实现了四种不同的训练策略,如噪声、分数、对象不透明度和红色小插曲。主要目标是利用虚拟现实技术和生理数据分析来提高注意力能力。结果我们的数据分析结果显示,强化训练策略对改善自闭症个体的注意力至关重要,而对非自闭症个体则没有显著作用。在所有被采用的策略中,噪音策略在训练ASD个体注意力方面表现出卓越的效果。另一方面,对于非asd个体,没有特定的训练被证明能有效地提高注意力。总的凝视时间特征对有和没有ASD的参与者都有好处。结果一致表明,两组的结果都是有利的,表明注意力水平提高了。这些发现为不同注意力训练策略的有效性提供了有价值的见解,并强调了虚拟现实(VR)和生理数据在自闭症患者注意力训练计划中的潜力。这项研究的结果为进一步的研究开辟了新的途径,并激发了未来的发展。
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引用次数: 0
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