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Uporabnost lesnih ostankov tujerodnih invazivnih drevesnih vrst za proizvodnjo peletov
Les
Pub Date : 2021-06-08 DOI: 10.26614/les-wood.2021.v70n01a04
Dominika Gornik Bučar, Peter Prislan, Pavel Smolnikar, Darja Stare, Nike Krajnc, Bojan Gospodarič
Na laboratorijski peletirni napravi smo izdelali pelete iz petih izbranih tujerodnih invazivnih drevesnih vrst, ki rastejo na območju Slovenije in sicer: divjega kostanja (Aesculus hippocastanum), amerikanskega javora (Acer negundo), robinije (Robinia pseudoacacia), trnate gledičevke (Gleditsia triacanthos) in velikega pajesena (Ailanthus altissima) ter mešanic surovine omenjenih tujerodnih invazivnih vrst s smrekovino (Picea abies) v razmerjih 70 : 30 in 50 : 50. Pod enakimi proizvodnimi pogoji smo skupno izdelali 15 različnih vrst peletov. Izdelanim peletom smo določili pomembnejše fizikalne in mehanske lastnosti (vsebnost vode, gostoto nasutja, mehansko obstojnost in vsebnost pepela). Rezultate smo primerjali z mejnimi vrednostmi, opredeljenimi v standardu SIST EN ISO 17225-2:2014. Vsebnost vode in gostota nasutja vseh izdelanih vrst peletov sta zadostili zahtevam standarda za razvrstitev v najvišji kakovostni razred A1. Mehanske obstojnosti izdelanih peletov niso dosegale zahtev standarda in niso presegale 96,5 % (kar je mejna vrednost za B razred). Rezultati kažejo, da imajo med izbranimi tujerodnimi invazivnimi drevesnimi vrstami največji potencial za nadaljnjo optimizacijo peletirnega postopka robinija, trnata gledičevka in visoki pajesen.
我们选择了五种生长在斯洛文尼亚的外来入侵树种,即:野生栗子(七叶树)、美国枫(Acer negundo)、知更鸟(Robinia pseudoacacia)、,刺鳐(Gleditsia triacanthos)和大白杨(Aillanthus altissima)以及所述入侵外来物种的原料与云杉(Picea abies)的混合物,其比例为70:30和50:50。在相同的生产条件下,我们总共生产了15种不同类型的球团。我们确定了颗粒最重要的物理和机械性能(含水量、压力密度、机械稳定性和灰分)。将结果与标准SIST EN ISO 17225-2:2014中定义的限值进行比较。生产的所有球团的含水量和喷雾密度都符合最高质量等级A1的分类标准要求。生产的球团的机械稳定性不符合标准要求,且不超过96.5%(这是B类的极限值)。结果表明,在选定的外来入侵树种中,进一步优化造粒工艺的潜力最大的是黑莓、刺桦和高白杨。
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引用次数: 3
Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Thermally Modified Gmelina arborea Wood 热改性木耳木的化学和力学特性
Les
Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.26614/LES-WOOD.2021.V70N01A02
M. A. Minkah, K. A. Afrifah, D. C. Batista, H. Militz
Gmelina arborea (Roxb. ex. Sm.) wood samples were thermally modified at 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C for 3 h, by employing a process similar to ThermoWood®. The resulting effects on the basic chemical composition and mechanical properties were determined. The results were analyzed statistically with ANOVA, and Least Square Deviation was used to compare means. Generally, after the thermal modification (TM) process, the cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives content decreased significantly. By contrast, lignin proportions increased significantly. Untreated wood and samples modified at 180 °C indicated comparable modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), degree of integrity (I), fine fraction (F) and resistance to impact milling (RIM). Noteworthy reductions however occurred at 200 °C and 220 °C. Significant increases in Brinell hardness (BH) took place at 180 °C, recording a high decrease at 220 °C. Gmelina arborea could be modified suitably at 180 °C for structural and other purposes. To take advantage of other improved properties, modification at 200 °C could be employed for non-structural uses.  
通过采用类似于ThermoWood®的工艺,在180°C、200°C和220°C下对木犀(Roxb.ex.Sm)木材样品进行3小时的热改性。测定了由此产生的对基本化学成分和机械性能的影响。用方差分析对结果进行统计学分析,并使用最小二乘偏差对平均值进行比较。通常,热改性(TM)工艺后,纤维素、半纤维素和提取物的含量显著降低。相反,木质素的比例显著增加。未经处理的木材和在180°C下改性的样品显示出相当的弹性模量(MOE)、断裂模量(MOR)、完整度(I)、细分数(F)和抗冲击研磨性(RIM)。然而,值得注意的是,在200°C和220°C时出现了下降。布氏硬度(BH)在180°C时显著增加,在220°C时大幅下降。木犀属植物可以在180°C下进行适当的改性,用于结构和其他目的。为了利用其他改进的性能,可以将200°C下的改性用于非结构用途。
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引用次数: 1
Traite et esclavage dans l’enseignement de l’histoire à l’école élémentaire depuis 1945 自1945年以来,小学历史教学中的奴隶贸易
Les
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0045
B. Falaize
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引用次数: 0
Préface. Du commerce triangulaire au crime contre l’humanité : l’enseignement du fait esclavagiste en France 前言。从三角贸易到反人类罪:法国的奴隶教育
Les
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0005
J. Hébrard
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引用次数: 0
Empires africains et traites négrières médiévales en classe de 5e en France : une ouverture ambiguë ? 非洲帝国和中世纪奴隶条约在法国五年级:一个模糊的开端?
Les
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0201
Marie-Albane de Suremain
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引用次数: 0
L’esclavage au xviiie siècle, entre la morale et la loi: une décennie d’éducation civique en Seconde de lycée général 18世纪的奴隶制,道德与法律之间:普通高中二年级公民教育十年
Les
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0075
Jean-Louis Donnadieu
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引用次数: 0
Enseigner l’histoire des traites négrières et de l’esclavage colonial à des élèves de cours moyen 向中学学生讲授奴隶贸易和殖民奴隶制的历史
Les
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0033
Delphine Leneveut
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引用次数: 0
Entre choix du passé et poids du présent 在过去的选择和现在的重量之间
Les
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0275
S. Ledoux
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引用次数: 0
Une fresque À la mémoire des esclaves 一幅纪念奴隶的壁画
Les
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0097
Constance Lagrange, K. Chabane
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引用次数: 0
Le passé oublié 被遗忘的过去
Les
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0163
Filipa Ribeiro Da Silva
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Les
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