Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.34.06
Magdalena Bernat
Marcinowa Wola is a typical locality in Masuria (northern Poland), where a nearly total exchange of citizens took place after WW2. Polish and Ukrainian people coming here after the war had to deal with the sense of strangeness connected with the German presence in the near past. One of the ways of overcoming that impression was appropriation of their surroundings – an act of adapting the cultural landscape to their needs. A very vivid example of this process is the cemetery from the Great War located in Marcinowa Wola. The perception of this place among the local inhabitants changed dramatically over the years. Although it is located in the centre of the village, the cemetery was out of the social life during the first years after the war. As it was not treated as a sacred place any more, it was eroding and overgrowing for years. Everything changed in the 1970s, when the next generation became adolescent. Young people started to use the cemetery as their meeting place and in this way they adapted it to a new, completely different role. However, when the youth grew up, the place was once again forgotten for some time, and only recently did the inhabitants see its value as a cemetery, however, not in sacred but historical terms. It can be assumed that it was assimilated as an element of their own heritage, which means that the process of appropriation has been completed.
{"title":"Three Lives of a Cemetery: the History of a Military Cemetery in the Village of Marcinowa Wola in Masuria","authors":"Magdalena Bernat","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.34.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.34.06","url":null,"abstract":"Marcinowa Wola is a typical locality in Masuria (northern Poland), where a nearly total exchange of citizens took place after WW2. Polish and Ukrainian people coming here after the war had to deal with the sense of strangeness connected with the German presence in the near past. One of the ways of overcoming that impression was appropriation of their surroundings – an act of adapting the cultural landscape to their needs. A very vivid example of this process is the cemetery from the Great War located in Marcinowa Wola. The perception of this place among the local inhabitants changed dramatically over the years. Although it is located in the centre of the village, the cemetery was out of the social life during the first years after the war. As it was not treated as a sacred place any more, it was eroding and overgrowing for years. Everything changed in the 1970s, when the next generation became adolescent. Young people started to use the cemetery as their meeting place and in this way they adapted it to a new, completely different role. However, when the youth grew up, the place was once again forgotten for some time, and only recently did the inhabitants see its value as a cemetery, however, not in sacred but historical terms. It can be assumed that it was assimilated as an element of their own heritage, which means that the process of appropriation has been completed.","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83517818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.34.02
Dawid Kobiałka
This paper discusses the concept of difficult/dark heritage from a theoretical perspective known as the biography of things. First, I analyse Polish archaeological research on difficult/dark heritage. Second, I describe in greater detail the biography of things as a tool for studying relationships between people, things and places. The last part of the paper is a case study presenting the biographies of three objects found in the grounds of a prisoner-of-war camp in Czersk. I aim to prove the following theses: 1) archaeologies of the recent past cannot be understood simply as the archaeology of martyrdom; 2) material culture from the recent past allows us to create different kinds of narratives connected with dark heritage.
{"title":"Difficult Heritage of the 20th Century from the Perspective of the Biography of Things","authors":"Dawid Kobiałka","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.34.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.34.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the concept of difficult/dark heritage from a theoretical perspective known as the biography of things. First, I analyse Polish archaeological research on difficult/dark heritage. Second, I describe in greater detail the biography of things as a tool for studying relationships between people, things and places. The last part of the paper is a case study presenting the biographies of three objects found in the grounds of a prisoner-of-war camp in Czersk. I aim to prove the following theses: 1) archaeologies of the recent past cannot be understood simply as the archaeology of martyrdom; 2) material culture from the recent past allows us to create different kinds of narratives connected with dark heritage.","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75038246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.34.10
Aleksandra Krupa-Ławrynowicz
The paper discusses an interdisciplinary research project (2014–2016) concerning the industrial heritage of Łódź, as exemplified by the former Monopol Wódczany, which is today converted for the purposes of new, cultural and service functions. The aim of ethnographic and archaeological activities was to collect oral histories and artefacts, which not only documented the history of the factory, but also presented the professional biographies of its workers, meaning people whose lives had been intertwined with the activity of the company. Thanks to such a research assumption, the researchers were able to reconstruct the industrial past of the place based on memories, artefacts collected, and archive surveys. The Author describes the idea behind the project, its methodology and results, using the notions of industrial heritage and urban narratives as the analytical context.
{"title":"In the Factory, in Łódź, in the City. Reconstructing the Industrial Past of a Place","authors":"Aleksandra Krupa-Ławrynowicz","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.34.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.34.10","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses an interdisciplinary research project (2014–2016) concerning the industrial heritage of Łódź, as exemplified by the former Monopol Wódczany, which is today converted for the purposes of new, cultural and service functions. The aim of ethnographic and archaeological activities was to collect oral histories and artefacts, which not only documented the history of the factory, but also presented the professional biographies of its workers, meaning people whose lives had been intertwined with the activity of the company. Thanks to such a research assumption, the researchers were able to reconstruct the industrial past of the place based on memories, artefacts collected, and archive surveys. The Author describes the idea behind the project, its methodology and results, using the notions of industrial heritage and urban narratives as the analytical context.","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88797193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.34.03
Olgierd Ławrynowicz
In this paper, the Author presents the semantic and methodological scope and characteristics of a new field the archaeology of the contemporary past. In his opinion the essence of the archaeology of the contemporary past is best conveyed by the term archaeology of us, which refers to the relationships between individuals or communities and their own material heritage. Due to the community and local dimension of archaeology of the contemporary past, an important source in this field is oral tradition, which is obtained and analysed during ethnographic interviews. The author refers to his own experience, gained during many years of research in the Polish Jurassic Highland, and indicates the importance and research effectiveness of incorporating the methodology of ethnographic research into the perspective of archaeology of the contemporary past.
{"title":"Archaeology of Us and the Local Identity. An Interdisciplinary Context","authors":"Olgierd Ławrynowicz","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.34.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.34.03","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the Author presents the semantic and methodological scope and characteristics of a new field the archaeology of the contemporary past. In his opinion the essence of the archaeology of the contemporary past is best conveyed by the term archaeology of us, which refers to the relationships between individuals or communities and their own material heritage. Due to the community and local dimension of archaeology of the contemporary past, an important source in this field is oral tradition, which is obtained and analysed during ethnographic interviews. The author refers to his own experience, gained during many years of research in the Polish Jurassic Highland, and indicates the importance and research effectiveness of incorporating the methodology of ethnographic research into the perspective of archaeology of the contemporary past.","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87206509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.33.07
Artur Ginter
There is no possibility to talk about medieval Poland without Zaremba z Kalinowy family. Nowadays Kalinowa is a small village with gothic church and the XIX century looking palace surrounded by moat and lake from a north side. In XIV or beginning of XV century first manor house was build on the island. During our excavations in 2011 we discovered that in XV century new mansion was constructed on a mainland area. Inside there were beautiful late medieval tiled stoves, and rare artefacts (i.e. axe shaped badge) mostly known from large cities like Gdansk or Krakow. In the XVII century Kalinowa was sold to Łubienscy family. After that they build new palazzo in fortezza residence which was totally rebuilt in XVIII and XIX century.
没有Zaremba z Kalinowy家族，就不可能谈论中世纪的波兰。如今，卡利诺瓦是一个小村庄，拥有哥特式教堂和19世纪外观的宫殿，从北面被护城河和湖泊包围。在十四世纪或十五世纪初，岛上建造了第一座庄园。在2011年的发掘中，我们发现在15世纪的大陆地区建造了一座新的豪宅。里面有美丽的中世纪晚期瓷砖炉灶，以及罕见的人工制品(如斧形徽章)，这些物品大多来自格但斯克或克拉科夫等大城市。在十七世纪，卡利诺瓦被卖给Łubienscy家族。之后，他们在fortezza住所建造了新的宫殿，在十八世纪和十九世纪完全重建。
{"title":"Badania archeologiczne dworu Zarembów w Kalinowej – siedziby jednego z najzamożniejszych rodów w średniowiecznej Polsce","authors":"Artur Ginter","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.33.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.33.07","url":null,"abstract":"There is no possibility to talk about medieval Poland without Zaremba z Kalinowy family. Nowadays Kalinowa is a small village with gothic church and the XIX century looking palace surrounded by moat and lake from a north side. In XIV or beginning of XV century first manor house was build on the island. During our excavations in 2011 we discovered that in XV century new mansion was constructed on a mainland area. Inside there were beautiful late medieval tiled stoves, and rare artefacts (i.e. axe shaped badge) mostly known from large cities like Gdansk or Krakow. In the XVII century Kalinowa was sold to Łubienscy family. After that they build new palazzo in fortezza residence which was totally rebuilt in XVIII and XIX century.","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80495573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.33.04
Kinga Żyto
The main purpose of the article is to present various forms of costume decoration in Wielbark culture. The analysis was based on well-known burials with an intact arrangement of monuments in the burial cavern. On this basis, decorations made of beads were highlighted. In addition to the necklaces that adorned the area of the neck and chest, vertical compositions are particularly noteworthy, in which the beads were discovered in a line from the level of the neck to the waist level. In addition, beads were used to trim robes in the form of applications. Another type are beads decorating belt and sachets or purses.
{"title":"Ozdoby stroju wykonane z paciorków w kulturze wielbarskiej","authors":"Kinga Żyto","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.33.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.33.04","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the article is to present various forms of costume decoration in Wielbark culture. The analysis was based on well-known burials with an intact arrangement of monuments in the burial cavern. On this basis, decorations made of beads were highlighted. In addition to the necklaces that adorned the area of the neck and chest, vertical compositions are particularly noteworthy, in which the beads were discovered in a line from the level of the neck to the waist level. In addition, beads were used to trim robes in the form of applications. Another type are beads decorating belt and sachets or purses.","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80444325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.33.02
Przemysław Muzolf
The settlement in Biskupice is located on the left bank of the Warta river, about 7 km north of Sieradz. It is a headland elevated about 10 m above the valley floor, and limited to the west and north by a drainage valley (Fig. 1). The first excavations in Biskupice were carried out in 1954 in the area of two small trenches. There was recorded a blackening of soil of considerable size, now defined as feature 1 (Fig. 2, 3). No subsequent materials were obtained until 2010, when a storage pit with a pear-shaped profile was discovered – feature 2. During the field studies, a total of 374 fragments of ceramic vessels and 655 animal bones were acquired. The collection from Biskupice included vessels decorated with the use of a single, all-round plastic strip (Fig. 4: 1–3, 6, 8, 9; 5: 2, 4; 6: 3–6; 8: 1, 3, 4) as well as a double one (Fig. 6: 5; 8: 4); a single strip decorated with finger impressions was also recorded. Two types of knobs were discovered: 1 – oval/round (Fig. 7: 2, 8), and longitudinal (Fig. 4: 4; 5: 1; 6: 7; 7: 7). The finds characterised by the imprint technique included the “textile ornament” combined with the motif of a single all-round strip with finger impressions. Vessels with rims of A type – non-thickened prevail, thickened rims (type B) and thinned (type C) were sporadically noted. The main form of containers in Biskupice were pots of G111 variant with two types: G111a with almost cylindrical rim (Fig. 4: 3, 9; 5: 2; 6: 5; 8: 2) and G111b with rim turned outside (Fig. 4: 1, 2, 6, 8; 5: 1, 4; 6: 4; 8: 1). Their ornamentation includes single, as well as double smooth all-round strip with finger impressions and knobs. Other finds included vases with conical necks/rims, decorated with knobs (Fig. 4: 4; 5: 7; 6: 10) and an amphora (Fig. 6: 1). The list of forms is complemented with mugs and bowls in the hemispherical variation M1 (Fig. 5: 5, 6; 6: 2; 7: 7) and profiled M3 (Fig. 7: 1). There were distinguished two stylistic groups. One was assigned to the Trzciniec culture and it was represented by complexes of HT3–HT4 type in Kuyavia. The other group contained vessels decorated with a textile ornament, as well as a single strip decorated with fingernail impressions. Due to the tectonics, these vessels were included to the Mad’arovce- Věteřov-Unětice circle (generally, the Older Unětice circle). On the basis of the existing elements among the ceramic forms, the duration of the settlement in Biskupice falls between the end BrA2 and the 1st half of BrB2, which is dated to 1750–1450 BC. However, taking into account the result of 14C, the duration of the settlement in Biskupice should be located in the years 1750–1600 BC and it should be clearly attributed to the population of the Trzciniec culture, in whose vicinity the materials originating from the Older Unětice circle were recorded. Moreover, which is perhaps the most important matter, the coexistence of materials with such a different cultural provenance suggests a possibility of th
{"title":"O przynależności kulturowej materiałów z osady na stanowisku 1 w Biskupicach, pow. sieradzki, woj. łódzkie","authors":"Przemysław Muzolf","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.33.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.33.02","url":null,"abstract":"The settlement in Biskupice is located on the left bank of the Warta river, about 7 km north of Sieradz. It is a headland elevated about 10 m above the valley floor, and limited to the west and north by a drainage valley (Fig. 1). The first excavations in Biskupice were carried out in 1954 in the area of two small trenches. There was recorded a blackening of soil of considerable size, now defined as feature 1 (Fig. 2, 3). No subsequent materials were obtained until 2010, when a storage pit with a pear-shaped profile was discovered – feature 2. During the field studies, a total of 374 fragments of ceramic vessels and 655 animal bones were acquired. The collection from Biskupice included vessels decorated with the use of a single, all-round plastic strip (Fig. 4: 1–3, 6, 8, 9; 5: 2, 4; 6: 3–6; 8: 1, 3, 4) as well as a double one (Fig. 6: 5; 8: 4); a single strip decorated with finger impressions was also recorded. Two types of knobs were discovered: 1 – oval/round (Fig. 7: 2, 8), and longitudinal (Fig. 4: 4; 5: 1; 6: 7; 7: 7). The finds characterised by the imprint technique included the “textile ornament” combined with the motif of a single all-round strip with finger impressions. Vessels with rims of A type – non-thickened prevail, thickened rims (type B) and thinned (type C) were sporadically noted. The main form of containers in Biskupice were pots of G111 variant with two types: G111a with almost cylindrical rim (Fig. 4: 3, 9; 5: 2; 6: 5; 8: 2) and G111b with rim turned outside (Fig. 4: 1, 2, 6, 8; 5: 1, 4; 6: 4; 8: 1). Their ornamentation includes single, as well as double smooth all-round strip with finger impressions and knobs. Other finds included vases with conical necks/rims, decorated with knobs (Fig. 4: 4; 5: 7; 6: 10) and an amphora (Fig. 6: 1). The list of forms is complemented with mugs and bowls in the hemispherical variation M1 (Fig. 5: 5, 6; 6: 2; 7: 7) and profiled M3 (Fig. 7: 1). There were distinguished two stylistic groups. One was assigned to the Trzciniec culture and it was represented by complexes of HT3–HT4 type in Kuyavia. The other group contained vessels decorated with a textile ornament, as well as a single strip decorated with fingernail impressions. Due to the tectonics, these vessels were included to the Mad’arovce- Věteřov-Unětice circle (generally, the Older Unětice circle). On the basis of the existing elements among the ceramic forms, the duration of the settlement in Biskupice falls between the end BrA2 and the 1st half of BrB2, which is dated to 1750–1450 BC. However, taking into account the result of 14C, the duration of the settlement in Biskupice should be located in the years 1750–1600 BC and it should be clearly attributed to the population of the Trzciniec culture, in whose vicinity the materials originating from the Older Unětice circle were recorded. Moreover, which is perhaps the most important matter, the coexistence of materials with such a different cultural provenance suggests a possibility of th","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79074380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.33.05
A. Marciniak-Kajzer
The aim of the presented research is to verify the correctness of the dating of the motte structures which, as a result of earlier excavations, were considered the earliest defensive knight’s seats in Poland – that is, they were dated to the 13th century. So far, the absolute dates were obtained for scarcely a few/a few dozen(?) such structures. However, they were not considered the oldest features. As a result of the literature research, several sites representing typical motte- and-bailey castles which in the previous excavations were dated to the 13th century, were selected. Three of the sites in question were located in the Masovia region: Kielbow Stary, Stara Blotnica commune; Orszymowo, Mala Wieś commune and Wilkanowo (formerly Nakwasin), also located in the Mala Wieś commune. The next two sites are located in the Łodzkie region – Witow, Burzenin commune and Malkow, Warta commune. A further study was conducted in Sedziszow (now in the territory of the village of Pila) in the Świetokrzyskie region, in Piekary – Greater Poland, Dobra commune and in Szczekociny, Silesia. A new geodetic surveying showed some changes in the state of preservation of the study features. Unfortunately, most of them reveal some traces of deepening destruction. The excavations undertaken at six sites yielded samples for the dating studies. The only sites whose excavations provided no materials that could be subjected to laboratory dating tests were in Witow and Sedziszow. Attempts were made to collect samples for dendrochronological, radiocarbon (14C) and thermoluminescence tests. No wood for dendrological research was found at any of the study sites. The samples obtained from six sites were used to measure the 14C radioactive isotope. A series of dating was performed for the study sites. As a result, 4 dates were obtained for Kielbow Stary and Malkowo, 6 – for Piekary and 5 – for Szczekociny. The highest number – 9 dates – were obtained for Orszymowo, whereas for Wilkanowo only 2 dates were produced. The results showed that only in the case of two sites the obtained dates confirm their functioning in the 13th century – they are Malkowo and Orszymowo. Another two sites – Szczekociny and Kielbow Stary – can be dated back to the 14th century, while the dates obtained for the materials from Piekary justify placing the functioning of the feature in the 15th century. In the case of Wilkanowo, the standard calibration calculations produced dates which suggest that the sites represent the modern times. One of the samples, however, may be dated to the 15th century (probability: 91%). Nonetheless, these dates are rather controversial, because Wilkanowo and Orszymowo are the sites situated several kilometres away from each other whilst the excavated pottery materials seem to be very similar. A solution to this problem requires further scrutiny. The attempt to verify the dates produced for the earliest defensive knight’s seats succeeded in part. Only two of the researched sites
{"title":"Czy rzeczywiście najstarsze – weryfikacyjne badania najwcześniej datowanych gródków stożkowatych","authors":"A. Marciniak-Kajzer","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.33.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.33.05","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the presented research is to verify the correctness of the dating of the motte structures which, as a result of earlier excavations, were considered the earliest defensive knight’s seats in Poland – that is, they were dated to the 13th century. So far, the absolute dates were obtained for scarcely a few/a few dozen(?) such structures. However, they were not considered the oldest features. As a result of the literature research, several sites representing typical motte- and-bailey castles which in the previous excavations were dated to the 13th century, were selected. Three of the sites in question were located in the Masovia region: Kielbow Stary, Stara Blotnica commune; Orszymowo, Mala Wieś commune and Wilkanowo (formerly Nakwasin), also located in the Mala Wieś commune. The next two sites are located in the Łodzkie region – Witow, Burzenin commune and Malkow, Warta commune. A further study was conducted in Sedziszow (now in the territory of the village of Pila) in the Świetokrzyskie region, in Piekary – Greater Poland, Dobra commune and in Szczekociny, Silesia. A new geodetic surveying showed some changes in the state of preservation of the study features. Unfortunately, most of them reveal some traces of deepening destruction. The excavations undertaken at six sites yielded samples for the dating studies. The only sites whose excavations provided no materials that could be subjected to laboratory dating tests were in Witow and Sedziszow. Attempts were made to collect samples for dendrochronological, radiocarbon (14C) and thermoluminescence tests. No wood for dendrological research was found at any of the study sites. The samples obtained from six sites were used to measure the 14C radioactive isotope. A series of dating was performed for the study sites. As a result, 4 dates were obtained for Kielbow Stary and Malkowo, 6 – for Piekary and 5 – for Szczekociny. The highest number – 9 dates – were obtained for Orszymowo, whereas for Wilkanowo only 2 dates were produced. The results showed that only in the case of two sites the obtained dates confirm their functioning in the 13th century – they are Malkowo and Orszymowo. Another two sites – Szczekociny and Kielbow Stary – can be dated back to the 14th century, while the dates obtained for the materials from Piekary justify placing the functioning of the feature in the 15th century. In the case of Wilkanowo, the standard calibration calculations produced dates which suggest that the sites represent the modern times. One of the samples, however, may be dated to the 15th century (probability: 91%). Nonetheless, these dates are rather controversial, because Wilkanowo and Orszymowo are the sites situated several kilometres away from each other whilst the excavated pottery materials seem to be very similar. A solution to this problem requires further scrutiny. The attempt to verify the dates produced for the earliest defensive knight’s seats succeeded in part. Only two of the researched sites","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76060109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.33.12
A. Szczerba
Situation of Polish archeology in 1945 literally and figuratively resembled a “landscape after battle” (Stobiecki 2007: 106). Due to war military operations, nearly one third of the archeologists had died1 (Gurba 2005: 257–264) and those who survived, were facing unprecedented problems. They had to recreate museum collections, commence academic education, and prepare research programs; however, they also had to figure out their place in the new sociopolitical reality, forced on Poland through the decision of the Big Three conference in Yalta and Potsdam (change of borders, loss of independence, and communists taking over power). The question about the “shape” of the reviving archeology had taken a key significance. Venturing a generalization of sorts, it can be said that there was a clash between the advocates of the continuation of the tradition of this discipline from the years 1918–1939 who realized the need for revisions of certain outlooks, and their critics who favored a fundamental reconstruction of archeology based on the theory of historical materialism (Stobiecki 2006: 127–156). At the end of the 1940’s, with the arrival of the Stalinist era, the winning idea was the one advocating for the rejection of the interwar period traditions in favor of establishing the foundations of the new “socialist science” based on
{"title":"From the history of Polish archaeology studies of the beginning of the Polish state 1948–1966 („Millennium Program”)","authors":"A. Szczerba","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.33.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.33.12","url":null,"abstract":"Situation of Polish archeology in 1945 literally and figuratively resembled a “landscape after battle” (Stobiecki 2007: 106). Due to war military operations, nearly one third of the archeologists had died1 (Gurba 2005: 257–264) and those who survived, were facing unprecedented problems. They had to recreate museum collections, commence academic education, and prepare research programs; however, they also had to figure out their place in the new sociopolitical reality, forced on Poland through the decision of the Big Three conference in Yalta and Potsdam (change of borders, loss of independence, and communists taking over power). The question about the “shape” of the reviving archeology had taken a key significance. Venturing a generalization of sorts, it can be said that there was a clash between the advocates of the continuation of the tradition of this discipline from the years 1918–1939 who realized the need for revisions of certain outlooks, and their critics who favored a fundamental reconstruction of archeology based on the theory of historical materialism (Stobiecki 2006: 127–156). At the end of the 1940’s, with the arrival of the Stalinist era, the winning idea was the one advocating for the rejection of the interwar period traditions in favor of establishing the foundations of the new “socialist science” based on","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91291498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.18778/0208-6034.33.11
Iwona Młodkowska-Przepiórowska
In 2015, during the reconstruction of Nadrzeczna Street and Bohaterow Getta Square, in the area of the intersection with Jaskrowska Street, it was made the discovery of human bone remains. As a result of the rescue investigations undertaken, an area of approximately 550 square meters was tested. They were discovered among others relics of foundations, made of broken limestone and remains of the cemetery. The historical research showed that these foundations were relics of the St. Barbara church, around which there was a churchyard cemetery called „the cemetery outside the city” in the sources. At the remains they were found rosary beads, medallions, crosses, single glass beads, iron buttons, bronze and bone coins, hooks, buckles, pieces of cloth and textile and haberdashery ornaments. Particularly noteworthy is the collection of religious items. The collection of devotional items includes 14 exhibits. It is a diverse collection in terms of morphological and stylistic, and above all iconographic. Metal medallions and crosses were made from non-ferrous metals in casting or minting techniques. The minted medallions were made from thin badges. Glass medallions were made from two glass panes, bound in a metal frame, between which there was an image reflected on the paper. The remains of rosaries are beads, differing in terms of size, colors and shapes. Only in 9 graves it was managed to set the position of devotional items on the remains of the deceased. Most often, devotions were found at the height of clasped hands folded in the lap. Other places where devotional items are found are: around the head, around the clavicle, around the thigh – above the knees and at the feet level. The subject of images on medallions and crosses is diverse. The sets of images on the obverses and other sides are also interesting. On one picture of a glass medallion it was identified the figure of Saint Josef. The figure of St. Benedict was on two medallions. The figure of St. John the Baptist was presented on one of the most carefully made cast medallions. On its other side it was recognized St. Nicholas. On the next medal, the figure of St. Francis of Paola was identified. St. Francis of Assisi appears on a very poorly legible paper picture. On the medal lion we can see St. Wojciech. On its other side there is a figure of the Guardian Angel holding the child by a hand. Burning Hearts are presented on a cast medal, on the other side of the medal with St. Wojciech. The most popular were the medallions with images of Christ and the Virgin Mary. The Polish images of the Mother of God should be taken in account, first of all, Madonna of Jasna Gora from Czestochowa. On the medallions and crosses except the characters, there are legends – inscriptions, only in Latin, made them by majuskula with sheriffs. Most often, the medallions were „signed” by the name of the saint. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, they were gladly supplied with medallions with the patrons of g
{"title":"Zespół dewocjonaliów z wykopalisk na cmentarzu przy kościele pw. św. Barbary na Starym Mieście w Częstochowie","authors":"Iwona Młodkowska-Przepiórowska","doi":"10.18778/0208-6034.33.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.33.11","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, during the reconstruction of Nadrzeczna Street and Bohaterow Getta Square, in the area of the intersection with Jaskrowska Street, it was made the discovery of human bone remains. As a result of the rescue investigations undertaken, an area of approximately 550 square meters was tested. They were discovered among others relics of foundations, made of broken limestone and remains of the cemetery. The historical research showed that these foundations were relics of the St. Barbara church, around which there was a churchyard cemetery called „the cemetery outside the city” in the sources. At the remains they were found rosary beads, medallions, crosses, single glass beads, iron buttons, bronze and bone coins, hooks, buckles, pieces of cloth and textile and haberdashery ornaments. Particularly noteworthy is the collection of religious items. The collection of devotional items includes 14 exhibits. It is a diverse collection in terms of morphological and stylistic, and above all iconographic. Metal medallions and crosses were made from non-ferrous metals in casting or minting techniques. The minted medallions were made from thin badges. Glass medallions were made from two glass panes, bound in a metal frame, between which there was an image reflected on the paper. The remains of rosaries are beads, differing in terms of size, colors and shapes. Only in 9 graves it was managed to set the position of devotional items on the remains of the deceased. Most often, devotions were found at the height of clasped hands folded in the lap. Other places where devotional items are found are: around the head, around the clavicle, around the thigh – above the knees and at the feet level. The subject of images on medallions and crosses is diverse. The sets of images on the obverses and other sides are also interesting. On one picture of a glass medallion it was identified the figure of Saint Josef. The figure of St. Benedict was on two medallions. The figure of St. John the Baptist was presented on one of the most carefully made cast medallions. On its other side it was recognized St. Nicholas. On the next medal, the figure of St. Francis of Paola was identified. St. Francis of Assisi appears on a very poorly legible paper picture. On the medal lion we can see St. Wojciech. On its other side there is a figure of the Guardian Angel holding the child by a hand. Burning Hearts are presented on a cast medal, on the other side of the medal with St. Wojciech. The most popular were the medallions with images of Christ and the Virgin Mary. The Polish images of the Mother of God should be taken in account, first of all, Madonna of Jasna Gora from Czestochowa. On the medallions and crosses except the characters, there are legends – inscriptions, only in Latin, made them by majuskula with sheriffs. Most often, the medallions were „signed” by the name of the saint. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, they were gladly supplied with medallions with the patrons of g","PeriodicalId":52871,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74903753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：