Abstract A review of the 50 US state education websites revealed wide variation among state O&M credentials. Less than half of the states designated a qualified provider as a credentialed O&M specialist and many identified a role for the Teachers of Learners with Vision Impairment (TVI) in providing Individualised Education Program (IEP)-driven O&M-related services. A survey of US Personnel Preparation programs preparing TVIs asked respondents to select the O&M curricular items they taught to TVI students and their purpose(s) for teaching them. Respondents taught TVIs in all 10 general areas of O&M curriculum: Outdoor/Commercial, Outdoor/Residential, Cane Technique, Cane Skills with a Guide, Mobility Tools, O&M Knowledge and Skills Protective Techniques, Non-Cane Techniques, Orientation Strategies, and Guide Techniques. Respondents indicated the reason (Skills Practice, Teach, Referral, and Evaluation) for teaching these skills to TVIs. Results suggested that TVI programs prepared TVIs to teach non-cane skills and to provide skills practice on more complex travel skills. Federal Statute, IDEA Part C (2004) stated O&M begins in early intervention and named the O&M specialist as the provider. Only O&M specialists are professionally prepared to evaluate and teach O&M. Personnel preparation programs in TVI might need to evaluate the purpose of educating TVIs to teach such a narrow aspect of O&M content. Further, with only one TVI course offered in O&M, TVIs are not adequately trained to teach O&M and, therefore, should not be taught this role or be required by states to perform it.
一项对美国50个州教育网站的调查显示，各州的运维证书差异很大。不到一半的州指定了一名合格的提供者作为持证的运维专家，许多州确定了视障学习者教师(TVI)在提供个性化教育计划(IEP)驱动的运维相关服务方面的角色。一项针对准备电视节目的美国人事准备项目的调查要求受访者选择他们教给电视节目学生的操作与维护课程项目及其教学目的。受访者教授电视操作员所有10个一般领域的运维课程:户外/商业、户外/住宅、手杖技术、手杖技能与向导、移动工具、运维知识与技能保护技术、非手杖技术、定向策略和向导技术。受访者指出了向电视节目主持人教授这些技能的原因(技能实践、教学、推荐和评估)。结果表明，电视节目准备电视节目教授非手杖技能，并提供技能练习更复杂的旅行技能。联邦法规IDEA Part C(2004)规定运维始于早期干预，并指定运维专家作为提供者。只有运维专家有专业的准备来评估和教授运维。电视vi中的人员准备课程可能需要评估教育电视vi的目的，以教授如此狭隘的运维内容。此外，由于在运维方面只开设了一门TVI课程，TVI没有得到足够的培训来教授运维，因此不应该教授这一角色，也不应该被各州要求履行这一职责。
{"title":"A study of personnel preparation of teachers of learners with vision impairment and O&M services","authors":"Grace Ambrose-Zaken","doi":"10.21307/ijom-2017-067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ijom-2017-067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A review of the 50 US state education websites revealed wide variation among state O&M credentials. Less than half of the states designated a qualified provider as a credentialed O&M specialist and many identified a role for the Teachers of Learners with Vision Impairment (TVI) in providing Individualised Education Program (IEP)-driven O&M-related services. A survey of US Personnel Preparation programs preparing TVIs asked respondents to select the O&M curricular items they taught to TVI students and their purpose(s) for teaching them. Respondents taught TVIs in all 10 general areas of O&M curriculum: Outdoor/Commercial, Outdoor/Residential, Cane Technique, Cane Skills with a Guide, Mobility Tools, O&M Knowledge and Skills Protective Techniques, Non-Cane Techniques, Orientation Strategies, and Guide Techniques. Respondents indicated the reason (Skills Practice, Teach, Referral, and Evaluation) for teaching these skills to TVIs. Results suggested that TVI programs prepared TVIs to teach non-cane skills and to provide skills practice on more complex travel skills. Federal Statute, IDEA Part C (2004) stated O&M begins in early intervention and named the O&M specialist as the provider. Only O&M specialists are professionally prepared to evaluate and teach O&M. Personnel preparation programs in TVI might need to evaluate the purpose of educating TVIs to teach such a narrow aspect of O&M content. Further, with only one TVI course offered in O&M, TVIs are not adequately trained to teach O&M and, therefore, should not be taught this role or be required by states to perform it.","PeriodicalId":52968,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orientation Mobility","volume":"8 1","pages":"62 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67974679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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