Abstract In this article, the concept of ‘interculture’ is investigated from different angles. We start out with the theme of migration and move on to a discussion of literature as a tool to increase cross-cultural understanding. In the first part of this article, the theoretical perspectives of Salman Rushdie and Richard Rorty are central. Since similarity and difference constitute an underlying issue in both cases this leads to a discussion about equality and difference at the end of the paper, in which ethics represent a key perspective. In this last section, we explore an important point addressed in Charles Taylor’s discussion of culture and ethics that can also be seen as a critique of the intercultural project and the way it balances similarity and difference, equality and difference.
{"title":"Interculture; Concept, Use and Ethics between Equality and Difference","authors":"Anita Holm Riis","doi":"10.2478/eujss-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eujss-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, the concept of ‘interculture’ is investigated from different angles. We start out with the theme of migration and move on to a discussion of literature as a tool to increase cross-cultural understanding. In the first part of this article, the theoretical perspectives of Salman Rushdie and Richard Rorty are central. Since similarity and difference constitute an underlying issue in both cases this leads to a discussion about equality and difference at the end of the paper, in which ethics represent a key perspective. In this last section, we explore an important point addressed in Charles Taylor’s discussion of culture and ethics that can also be seen as a critique of the intercultural project and the way it balances similarity and difference, equality and difference.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Diversion refers to the measures used for children in conflict with law without resorting to criminal prosecution or trial. Therefore, a child or a youth committing a criminal offense may be subjected to specific measures or programs other than the criminal prosecution and trial. Of course, different jurisdictions provide different legal requirements and conditions to be complied with when deciding to apply a diversion measure instead of prosecuting the child or the youth in conflict with law. In general, children in conflict with law who are under the age of 18 do usually benefit from the diversion measures when all the required conditions are fulfilled in accordance with the national Juvenile Justice Code. From the point of international law, the imposition of diversion measures for children in conflict with law may be considered as a legal obligation deriving from the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules. In Albania, the diversion measures tend to divert children away from the formal proceedings and give priority to the restorative justice or other rehabilitation programs. This paper aims to provide a general overview of the diversion measures and their importance for the well-being of the children involved in criminal activities. The scope of the paper is focused on the diversion measures provided by the new Albanian Criminal Justice for Children Code with the aim to repair the harm caused by the offence and rehabilitate the children in conflict with law. In conclusion, the paper highlights the benefits of the diversion measures compared to punitive measures and traditional justice by providing such alternatives as the best way to promote the well-being of children in conflict with law and their inclusion in society.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of the diversion of children in conflict with law from judicial proceedings in Albania: Assessing alternatives to traditional justice","authors":"Etlon Peppo","doi":"10.2478/ejels-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejels-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diversion refers to the measures used for children in conflict with law without resorting to criminal prosecution or trial. Therefore, a child or a youth committing a criminal offense may be subjected to specific measures or programs other than the criminal prosecution and trial. Of course, different jurisdictions provide different legal requirements and conditions to be complied with when deciding to apply a diversion measure instead of prosecuting the child or the youth in conflict with law. In general, children in conflict with law who are under the age of 18 do usually benefit from the diversion measures when all the required conditions are fulfilled in accordance with the national Juvenile Justice Code. From the point of international law, the imposition of diversion measures for children in conflict with law may be considered as a legal obligation deriving from the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules. In Albania, the diversion measures tend to divert children away from the formal proceedings and give priority to the restorative justice or other rehabilitation programs. This paper aims to provide a general overview of the diversion measures and their importance for the well-being of the children involved in criminal activities. The scope of the paper is focused on the diversion measures provided by the new Albanian Criminal Justice for Children Code with the aim to repair the harm caused by the offence and rehabilitate the children in conflict with law. In conclusion, the paper highlights the benefits of the diversion measures compared to punitive measures and traditional justice by providing such alternatives as the best way to promote the well-being of children in conflict with law and their inclusion in society.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The 2008 financial crisis has required new methods for portfolios diversification. In the same year, Maillard, Roncalli and Teiletche (2008) suggested a method that maximizes the diversification which is called Risk Parity or Equally weighted Risk Contribution strategy. The most common method to use the Risk Parity approach is to use the standard deviation as risk measure. In this paper, we describe a method to apply Risk Parity to the Expected shortfall or also known as Conditional Value at Risk using a numerical approximation from discrete historical observation. The expected shortfall can use the advantage of being a coherent measure, not to forget that it is also a convex measure, which is very useful in the optimization. Another advantage is that the Risk Parity approach doesn’t need the estimation of the expected return as an input. Usually, the models that require the expected returns, such as the Markowitz, model have higher concentration in a smaller number of assets. This will bring a very high turnover and drawdown of the performance. The performance analysis in this paper is applied in mixed portfolios composed by stock, bonds and commodities. They show also how better this model performs in case of the crisis. We also identify not only the strong points but also the week points of these models.
{"title":"Numerical approximation in the application of Risk Parity with Conditional Value at Risk in case of mixed portfolios","authors":"Denis Veliu","doi":"10.2478/ejels-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejels-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The 2008 financial crisis has required new methods for portfolios diversification. In the same year, Maillard, Roncalli and Teiletche (2008) suggested a method that maximizes the diversification which is called Risk Parity or Equally weighted Risk Contribution strategy. The most common method to use the Risk Parity approach is to use the standard deviation as risk measure. In this paper, we describe a method to apply Risk Parity to the Expected shortfall or also known as Conditional Value at Risk using a numerical approximation from discrete historical observation. The expected shortfall can use the advantage of being a coherent measure, not to forget that it is also a convex measure, which is very useful in the optimization. Another advantage is that the Risk Parity approach doesn’t need the estimation of the expected return as an input. Usually, the models that require the expected returns, such as the Markowitz, model have higher concentration in a smaller number of assets. This will bring a very high turnover and drawdown of the performance. The performance analysis in this paper is applied in mixed portfolios composed by stock, bonds and commodities. They show also how better this model performs in case of the crisis. We also identify not only the strong points but also the week points of these models.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Social work, like other professions, has undergone changes in its structural basis, as well as a re-dimensioning of the professional work, which cannot be dissociated from the inevitable administrative reforms of the State and of the social policies themselves. In this research we sought to understand how the state administrative reforms, namely the managerial model of New Public Management have influenced the professional intervention of social workers in the public sector. We did so through the perceptions of the social workers about the implications of managerialism in their professional practices. It is a qualitative research, with exploratory characteristics and was carried out in a municipality in a district of Portugal. It was conducted a semi-structured interview with six social workers in the public sector, from four different sectors: Justice, Local Power, Health and Social Security. After the interviews were collected, a Characterization Grid of the sample and a SWOT Analysis Grid were used for each of the participants to assist the researcher in the Content Analysis of this investigation. The data we analyzed revealed that in all services and intervention areas there was a prevalence of characteristics of managerialism influences, which necessarily induced changes in professional practices. The collected data revealed that there are characteristics of managerialism perceived as beneficial and positive for the professional exercise and other characteristics that have brought constraints.
{"title":"The Influences of Managerialism in the Professional Intervention of Social Workers","authors":"Beatriz Rosa, Helena Neves Almeida","doi":"10.2478/eujss-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eujss-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social work, like other professions, has undergone changes in its structural basis, as well as a re-dimensioning of the professional work, which cannot be dissociated from the inevitable administrative reforms of the State and of the social policies themselves. In this research we sought to understand how the state administrative reforms, namely the managerial model of New Public Management have influenced the professional intervention of social workers in the public sector. We did so through the perceptions of the social workers about the implications of managerialism in their professional practices. It is a qualitative research, with exploratory characteristics and was carried out in a municipality in a district of Portugal. It was conducted a semi-structured interview with six social workers in the public sector, from four different sectors: Justice, Local Power, Health and Social Security. After the interviews were collected, a Characterization Grid of the sample and a SWOT Analysis Grid were used for each of the participants to assist the researcher in the Content Analysis of this investigation. The data we analyzed revealed that in all services and intervention areas there was a prevalence of characteristics of managerialism influences, which necessarily induced changes in professional practices. The collected data revealed that there are characteristics of managerialism perceived as beneficial and positive for the professional exercise and other characteristics that have brought constraints.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Algeria is flavoured by a diversity of ethnicities and languages. The country is dominated by two ethnic groups: Arabs and Berbers. My concern falls upon identity negotiation within the latter group and exploring how women within the Berber community represent themselves and how the society perceives them. To answer this question, I explored the autobiographical stories of three Algerian female students who study English as a foreign language at Bejaia University, and who grew up amongst Berbers. They took part in a forum theatre course I ran at their University to explore EFL learner identity. Adopting an idiographic case-by-case phenomenological analysis to the written stories of these three students brought my attention into the self-image they gave to themselves to articulate their identity. This study also looked at the factor of power relations in their experiences drawing on Bourdieu’s perspective. The findings of this phenomenological analysis revealed the impact of culture and ethnic norms on these students’ s freedom, desires, and transitions in education. This impact was at some stage distinctive. I discuss in this further in this paper.
{"title":"“I Feel Myself in a Cage of Bird”: Berber Female Students’ Self-Identification in the Algerian Society - A Phenomenological Study","authors":"Souad Smaili","doi":"10.2478/eujss-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eujss-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Algeria is flavoured by a diversity of ethnicities and languages. The country is dominated by two ethnic groups: Arabs and Berbers. My concern falls upon identity negotiation within the latter group and exploring how women within the Berber community represent themselves and how the society perceives them. To answer this question, I explored the autobiographical stories of three Algerian female students who study English as a foreign language at Bejaia University, and who grew up amongst Berbers. They took part in a forum theatre course I ran at their University to explore EFL learner identity. Adopting an idiographic case-by-case phenomenological analysis to the written stories of these three students brought my attention into the self-image they gave to themselves to articulate their identity. This study also looked at the factor of power relations in their experiences drawing on Bourdieu’s perspective. The findings of this phenomenological analysis revealed the impact of culture and ethnic norms on these students’ s freedom, desires, and transitions in education. This impact was at some stage distinctive. I discuss in this further in this paper.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Financial literacy is gaining increasing importance as a policy objective in many countries. A growing literature has examined the role of financial literacy in household financial behavior. However, there is a little literature on analyzing household credit constraints from the perspective of financial literacy. This paper analyzes the impact of householders’ financial literacy on household credit constraints by using data from the 2017 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS2017) and using Probit regression analysis method. We find that higher financial literacy is significantly related to mitigation of the credit constraints.The main conclusion is that the householders’ financial literacy has a significant impact on household credit constraints. Households with higher levels of financial literacy are more likely to alleviate credit constraints.Therefore, improvements in financial literacy could mitigate the credit constraints, and thereby promote financial inclusion.
{"title":"Does the Financial Literacy of Householders Affect Household Credit Constraints?——Evidence from China","authors":"JUAN ZHAO","doi":"10.61363/jsse.v2i2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61363/jsse.v2i2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Financial literacy is gaining increasing importance as a policy objective in many countries. A growing literature has examined the role of financial literacy in household financial behavior. However, there is a little literature on analyzing household credit constraints from the perspective of financial literacy. This paper analyzes the impact of householders’ financial literacy on household credit constraints by using data from the 2017 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS2017) and using Probit regression analysis method. We find that higher financial literacy is significantly related to mitigation of the credit constraints.The main conclusion is that the householders’ financial literacy has a significant impact on household credit constraints. Households with higher levels of financial literacy are more likely to alleviate credit constraints.Therefore, improvements in financial literacy could mitigate the credit constraints, and thereby promote financial inclusion.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of the weak growth of traditional foreign trade, cross-border e-commerce has become an important means for Chinese enterprises to carry out international trade, and has played an important role in promoting the stable growth and structural adjustment of China's foreign trade. This paper selects sample data of 31 provinces in China from 2014-2021, and measures the level of cross-border e-commerce development in China's provinces using factor analysis from 22 subdivision indicators in three dimensions: infrastructure, cross-border e-commerce application degree and environmental support. The study of measuring and evaluating the level of cross-border e-commerce development in China's provinces helps to further identify the level and spatial differentiation of cross-border e-commerce development in each region of China, make horizontal comparisons of the development levels of different regions, and provide a scientific basis for formulating e-commerce policies from the perspective of spatial differentiation and economic development. The empirical results show that the overall cross-border e-commerce development in China's provinces maintains a good growth trend, but there is a large gap in the level of cross-border e-commerce development among different regions, with Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong belonging to the first echelon of cross-border e-commerce development, while western provinces such as Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are lagging behind in cross-border e-commerce development, and there is a significant gap in the level of cross-border e-commerce development among the eastern, central and western regions. Factor analysis also shows that the digitalization level of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, the level of technological innovation, express delivery, the number of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones and other cross-border e-commerce development environment have a greater impact on the level of cross-border e-commerce development, to improve the level of cross-border e-commerce development, we should take the declaration and construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones as a grasp to point and surface; we should pay attention to the main position of enterprises in cross-border e-commerce development, and give financial, talent, technical and other support to cross-border e-commerce enterprises. We should pay attention to the environment construction and optimization of cross-border e-commerce development, pay attention to the linkage of industrial development between regions, play a complementary role between regions, and promote the further development of cross-border e-commerce.
{"title":"Measurement of the Development Level of Cross-border E-Commerce in China's Provinces","authors":"YANMIN TIAN","doi":"10.61363/jsse.v2i2.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61363/jsse.v2i2.90","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the weak growth of traditional foreign trade, cross-border e-commerce has become an important means for Chinese enterprises to carry out international trade, and has played an important role in promoting the stable growth and structural adjustment of China's foreign trade. This paper selects sample data of 31 provinces in China from 2014-2021, and measures the level of cross-border e-commerce development in China's provinces using factor analysis from 22 subdivision indicators in three dimensions: infrastructure, cross-border e-commerce application degree and environmental support. The study of measuring and evaluating the level of cross-border e-commerce development in China's provinces helps to further identify the level and spatial differentiation of cross-border e-commerce development in each region of China, make horizontal comparisons of the development levels of different regions, and provide a scientific basis for formulating e-commerce policies from the perspective of spatial differentiation and economic development. The empirical results show that the overall cross-border e-commerce development in China's provinces maintains a good growth trend, but there is a large gap in the level of cross-border e-commerce development among different regions, with Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong belonging to the first echelon of cross-border e-commerce development, while western provinces such as Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are lagging behind in cross-border e-commerce development, and there is a significant gap in the level of cross-border e-commerce development among the eastern, central and western regions. Factor analysis also shows that the digitalization level of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, the level of technological innovation, express delivery, the number of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones and other cross-border e-commerce development environment have a greater impact on the level of cross-border e-commerce development, to improve the level of cross-border e-commerce development, we should take the declaration and construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones as a grasp to point and surface; we should pay attention to the main position of enterprises in cross-border e-commerce development, and give financial, talent, technical and other support to cross-border e-commerce enterprises. We should pay attention to the environment construction and optimization of cross-border e-commerce development, pay attention to the linkage of industrial development between regions, play a complementary role between regions, and promote the further development of cross-border e-commerce.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of science and technology, the gradually developed self-media and various learning platforms provide people with a variety of learning methods and ways to contact other cultures and exchange ideas, which makes people's lives more convenient. Because on the one hand, online learning makes learners lack opportunities for offline interaction and real-time communication, and thus lacks self-motivation. Remote education has gradually become a common way of learning, especially after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, distance education has become an important way for many learners to acquire knowledge. If technology and culture are regarded as two subjects in a complex system, or two interactive symbols, there are many conceivable research points for the research on teaching and learning in distance education.
{"title":"Assumptions on Subjective Interactions on Teaching and Learning on Remote Education","authors":"RUIQI LIU","doi":"10.61363/jsse.v2i2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61363/jsse.v2i2.83","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of science and technology, the gradually developed self-media and various learning platforms provide people with a variety of learning methods and ways to contact other cultures and exchange ideas, which makes people's lives more convenient. Because on the one hand, online learning makes learners lack opportunities for offline interaction and real-time communication, and thus lacks self-motivation. Remote education has gradually become a common way of learning, especially after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, distance education has become an important way for many learners to acquire knowledge. If technology and culture are regarded as two subjects in a complex system, or two interactive symbols, there are many conceivable research points for the research on teaching and learning in distance education.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research article aims to identify and develop a strategy for the emergence of smart, sustainable tourism in Dali. Smart tourism refers to the use of ICT mechanisms to facilitate tourist access to tourism amenities as a major component of tourism. Arguably, the article uses literature such as published articles and books to show tourism as a global industry that accounts for about 9% of the global GDP and a major employment service industry. Furthermore, the study provides a descriptive analysis methodology to shed light on the different data collection methods employed in the study, as well as graphs and later analyses of the research data. Covid- 19 has recently affected the tourism sector more than any other industry. According to the findings of this study, smart tourism creates an environment that is conducive to the growth of visitors, enabling them to have positive experiences. A UN report states that 1.9 billion people will travel worldwide by 2030. This highlights the importance of facilitating peace and promoting major tourist destinations as potential destinations. Thus, tourism as an industry has, over the years, undergone various transformations concerning shifting its focus on advances in technology, such as ICT. This has helped to improve its capacity and thus ensure improved service.
{"title":"Transforming Cultural Tourism in Dali, Yunnan: Harnessing Digitalization for Smart Sustainable Heritage Experiences","authors":"Miwei Zhang, Tang Jun","doi":"10.61363/jsse.v2i2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61363/jsse.v2i2.80","url":null,"abstract":"This research article aims to identify and develop a strategy for the emergence of smart, sustainable tourism in Dali. Smart tourism refers to the use of ICT mechanisms to facilitate tourist access to tourism amenities as a major component of tourism. Arguably, the article uses literature such as published articles and books to show tourism as a global industry that accounts for about 9% of the global GDP and a major employment service industry. Furthermore, the study provides a descriptive analysis methodology to shed light on the different data collection methods employed in the study, as well as graphs and later analyses of the research data. Covid- 19 has recently affected the tourism sector more than any other industry. According to the findings of this study, smart tourism creates an environment that is conducive to the growth of visitors, enabling them to have positive experiences. A UN report states that 1.9 billion people will travel worldwide by 2030. This highlights the importance of facilitating peace and promoting major tourist destinations as potential destinations. Thus, tourism as an industry has, over the years, undergone various transformations concerning shifting its focus on advances in technology, such as ICT. This has helped to improve its capacity and thus ensure improved service.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teaching is a stimulating and fascinating career and occupation. Teacher is a role model , flagship , cynosure and standard bearer for students and learners . The knowledge and understanding of job description for teacher is very vital . This research article is based on the analysis of teacher job description in Pakistan at school/college level as teachers in Pakistan have not been doing justice with their job description and the country has been moving towards more and more horrible conditions since long . The researcher conducted a survey research and collected data from students and teachers with the help of questionnaires in the urban District of Mardan of KP province in Pakistan. The questionnaires were one for students ( close ended) and the other for teachers (open ended). The data were organized and analyzed qualitatively as figures were not involved in the analysis of data and hence recommendations were put forward . This is a fact finding document and is beneficial for all the stakeholders i.e. teachers , students , parents , high ups of education , and the prospective researchers in the field of education.
{"title":"The Analysis of Pakistani Teachers’ Performance in the Light of Their Job Description","authors":"None Abdullah","doi":"10.61363/jsse.v2i2.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61363/jsse.v2i2.84","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching is a stimulating and fascinating career and occupation. Teacher is a role model , flagship , cynosure and standard bearer for students and learners . The knowledge and understanding of job description for teacher is very vital . This research article is based on the analysis of teacher job description in Pakistan at school/college level as teachers in Pakistan have not been doing justice with their job description and the country has been moving towards more and more horrible conditions since long . The researcher conducted a survey research and collected data from students and teachers with the help of questionnaires in the urban District of Mardan of KP province in Pakistan. The questionnaires were one for students ( close ended) and the other for teachers (open ended). The data were organized and analyzed qualitatively as figures were not involved in the analysis of data and hence recommendations were put forward . This is a fact finding document and is beneficial for all the stakeholders i.e. teachers , students , parents , high ups of education , and the prospective researchers in the field of education.","PeriodicalId":52999,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics Law and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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