Purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia) is an important medicinal plant in pharmacological industry. This plant is produced in commercial scale but their seeds exhibit low germination percentages under field conditions. Enhancing seed germination is thus crucial for improving the production of E. angustifolia. The influence of Ethephon, Gibberellic acid (GA3) and moringa leaf extract on emergence, growth attributes, yield attributing characteristics and essential oil percentage of purple coneflower (E. angustifolia) were investigated. Freshly harvested seeds of E. angustifolia were treated with 0.5, 1 and 2mM of ethephon, 2000 2500 and 3000mg/l of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 5, 10 and 15% of moringa leaf extract (MLE). Then, seeds were stratified at 4oC for 4 weeks in light. All the priming treatments were evaluated for the emergence, growth attributes, yield attributing characteristics and essential oil percentage. Among different treatments MLE-priming at 10% could be recommended, as it was the best in terms of final emergence percentage (96%), mean emergence time (4.78 days), α-amylase activity (52.15 IU/mg), total soluble sugars (61.41 mg/g), reducing sugars (54.19 mg/g), plant height (98.82 cm), number of branches (28.36), biological yield (14.08 ton/h) and root yield dry (8.88 ton/h) and essential oil percentage (0.62 %). Moringa leaf extract (10%) is recommended as a priming agent to overcome seed dormancy and improve the emergence, growth, yield and essential oil percentage of E. angustifolia.
{"title":"The effects of different seed priming agents on improving emergence, growth, yield and essential oil percentage of purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia DC.) under field condition","authors":"A. Dapour","doi":"10.5455/faa.101740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.101740","url":null,"abstract":"Purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia) is an important medicinal plant in pharmacological industry. This plant is produced in commercial scale but their seeds exhibit low germination percentages under field conditions. Enhancing seed germination is thus crucial for improving the production of E. angustifolia. The influence of Ethephon, Gibberellic acid (GA3) and moringa leaf extract on emergence, growth attributes, yield attributing characteristics and essential oil percentage of purple coneflower (E. angustifolia) were investigated. Freshly harvested seeds of E. angustifolia were treated with 0.5, 1 and 2mM of ethephon, 2000 2500 and 3000mg/l of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 5, 10 and 15% of moringa leaf extract (MLE). Then, seeds were stratified at 4oC for 4 weeks in light. All the priming treatments were evaluated for the emergence, growth attributes, yield attributing characteristics and essential oil percentage. Among different treatments MLE-priming at 10% could be recommended, as it was the best in terms of final emergence percentage (96%), mean emergence time (4.78 days), α-amylase activity (52.15 IU/mg), total soluble sugars (61.41 mg/g), reducing sugars (54.19 mg/g), plant height (98.82 cm), number of branches (28.36), biological yield (14.08 ton/h) and root yield dry (8.88 ton/h) and essential oil percentage (0.62 %). Moringa leaf extract (10%) is recommended as a priming agent to overcome seed dormancy and improve the emergence, growth, yield and essential oil percentage of E. angustifolia.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"377 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76437570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of mulching and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of squash at the Horticultural Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2021 to February 2022. The experiment consisted of three types of mulching viz., M0 (Control), M1 (Black polythene) and M₂ (Rice straw), and five levels of inorganic fertilizers viz., T0 = Control, T1 = N : P : K: S @ 70: 70: 80: 10 kg/ha, T2 = N : P : K: S @ 80: 80: 90: 15 kg/ha, T3 = N : P : K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha, T4 = N : P : K: S @ 100: 100: 110: 25 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The highest yield per plot (6.06 Kg) and highest yield per hectare (33.65 t) were observed from M1 (Black polythene) while the lowest yield per plot (4.11 kg) and yield per hectare (22.85 t) were found from M0 (Control). T3 treatment (N: P : K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha) produced the maximum yield per plot (7.14 kg) and yield per hectare (39.65 t) while T0 (Control) treatment produced the minimum yield per plot (3.22 kg) and yield per hectare (17.86 t). The maximum yield per plot (8.36 Kg) was obtained from M1T3 (Black polythene and N: P: K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha) treatment while the minimum yield per plot (2.14 Kg) was recorded from M0T0 (Control) treatment. The maximum yield per hectare (46.43 t) was obtained from M1T3 (Black polythene and N : P : K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha) treatment while the minimum yield per hectare (11.89 t) was recorded from M0T0 (Control) treatment. Therefore, combined application of black polythene mulch along with N : P : K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha was found to be better in respect of growth and yield of squash compared to other treatments.
{"title":"Enhancing growth and yield of squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) through mulching and inorganic fertilizers","authors":"Zahidul Islam, M. Rashid","doi":"10.5455/faa.93286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.93286","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of mulching and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of squash at the Horticultural Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2021 to February 2022. The experiment consisted of three types of mulching viz., M0 (Control), M1 (Black polythene) and M₂ (Rice straw), and five levels of inorganic fertilizers viz., T0 = Control, T1 = N : P : K: S @ 70: 70: 80: 10 kg/ha, T2 = N : P : K: S @ 80: 80: 90: 15 kg/ha, T3 = N : P : K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha, T4 = N : P : K: S @ 100: 100: 110: 25 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The highest yield per plot (6.06 Kg) and highest yield per hectare (33.65 t) were observed from M1 (Black polythene) while the lowest yield per plot (4.11 kg) and yield per hectare (22.85 t) were found from M0 (Control). T3 treatment (N: P : K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha) produced the maximum yield per plot (7.14 kg) and yield per hectare (39.65 t) while T0 (Control) treatment produced the minimum yield per plot (3.22 kg) and yield per hectare (17.86 t). The maximum yield per plot (8.36 Kg) was obtained from M1T3 (Black polythene and N: P: K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha) treatment while the minimum yield per plot (2.14 Kg) was recorded from M0T0 (Control) treatment. The maximum yield per hectare (46.43 t) was obtained from M1T3 (Black polythene and N : P : K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha) treatment while the minimum yield per hectare (11.89 t) was recorded from M0T0 (Control) treatment. Therefore, combined application of black polythene mulch along with N : P : K: S @ 90: 90: 100: 20 kg/ha was found to be better in respect of growth and yield of squash compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85903738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2018 to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of drought tolerant transplant aman rice cultivars. The ex- periment was consisted of one check variety BRRI dhan49 and three drought tolerant rice varieties BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan66 and BRRI dhan71 along with five nitrogen levels such as no nitrogen (control treatment), 50%, 100%, 125% and 150% of recommended dose (RD) where the recommended dose was 150 kg N ha−1. Nitrogen was applied in the form of urea (46.66% N) as top dressing in three equal splits at 15 days after transplanting, 30 DAT and 45 DAT. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result of the study reveals that BRRI dhan66 produced the highest number of total tillers hill−1, effective tillers hill−1 and grains panicle−1. The highest 1000-grain weight and grain yield was recorded in BRRI dhan71 which was statistically identical to BRRI dhan66. In case of level of nitrogen, the highest number of total tillers hill−1 was observed in 125% RD of N. The highest number of effective tillers hill−1 was found in 100% of RD of N and the maximum number of grains panicle−1 was observed in 150% of RD of N. The highest grain yield was obtained from 125% RD of N which was statistically identical to 100% and 150% of RD of N. In case of interaction the highest number of total tillers hill−1 was recorded in BRRI dhan56 with 125% RD of N which was statistically identical to BRRI dhan66 with 100% RD of N. The highest number of grains panicle−1 was observed in BRRI dhan66 with 150% of RD of N. BRRI dhan56 with 150% RD of N produced the highest 1000-grain weight. The highest number of effective tillers hill−1, grain yield and straw yield were recorded in BRRI dhan66 with 100% RD of N. In conclusion, the result of the study revealed that application of 100% recommended dose of N (150 kg ha−1) is suggested as the best nitrogen management approach for the drought tolerant rice cultivar BRRI dhan66 for its better performance.
2018年7月至12月，在孟加拉国农业大学Mymensingh农学田间实验室开展了不同施氮水平对耐旱移栽水稻品种生长和产量的影响。试验采用对照品种BRRI dhan49和3个抗旱水稻品种BRRI dhan56、BRRI dhan66和BRRI dhan71，在推荐用量为150 kg N ha−1的情况下，分别设置无氮(对照处理)、50%、100%、125%和150%的施氮水平。分别于移栽后15 d、30 d和45 d等分3次追肥，以尿素(氮含量46.66%)形式施氮。试验采用完全随机区组设计，设3个重复。研究结果表明，BRRI dhan66的总分蘖丘- 1、有效分蘖丘- 1和穗粒数- 1均最高。BRRI dhan71的千粒重和籽粒产量最高，与BRRI dhan66的千粒重和籽粒产量在统计学上相同。在氮气水平的情况下，最多的总分蘖希尔−1在125% RD N最多的有效分蘖希尔−1被发现在100%的RD的N和最大数量的谷物圆锥花序−1在150%的RD得到联合国最高产量的125% N的RD统计与RD的N . 100%和150%的互动最多的总分蘖希尔−1被记录在BRRI dhan56十分125% N的RD统计相同BRRI。十分施氮量为100%的BRRI dhan66，施氮量为150%的BRRI dhan66的粒数最高，穗数−1，施氮量为150%的BRRI dhan56的千粒重最高。在施氮量为100%的条件下，BRRI dhan66的有效分蘖数、籽粒产量和秸秆产量最高。综上所述，100%推荐施氮量(150 kg ha - 1)是BRRI dhan66的最佳施氮方式。
{"title":"Growth and yield response of drought tolerant transplant aman rice cultivars to nitrogen fertilization","authors":"M. Salam, S. Jahan, S. Kheya, M. Islam, A. Hasan","doi":"10.5455/faa.118401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.118401","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2018 to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of drought tolerant transplant aman rice cultivars. The ex- periment was consisted of one check variety BRRI dhan49 and three drought tolerant rice varieties BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan66 and BRRI dhan71 along with five nitrogen levels such as no nitrogen (control treatment), 50%, 100%, 125% and 150% of recommended dose (RD) where the recommended dose was 150 kg N ha−1. Nitrogen was applied in the form of urea (46.66% N) as top dressing in three equal splits at 15 days after transplanting, 30 DAT and 45 DAT. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result of the study reveals that BRRI dhan66 produced the highest number of total tillers hill−1, effective tillers hill−1 and grains panicle−1. The highest 1000-grain weight and grain yield was recorded in BRRI dhan71 which was statistically identical to BRRI dhan66. In case of level of nitrogen, the highest number of total tillers hill−1 was observed in 125% RD of N. The highest number of effective tillers hill−1 was found in 100% of RD of N and the maximum number of grains panicle−1 was observed in 150% of RD of N. The highest grain yield was obtained from 125% RD of N which was statistically identical to 100% and 150% of RD of N. In case of interaction the highest number of total tillers hill−1 was recorded in BRRI dhan56 with 125% RD of N which was statistically identical to BRRI dhan66 with 100% RD of N. The highest number of grains panicle−1 was observed in BRRI dhan66 with 150% of RD of N. BRRI dhan56 with 150% RD of N produced the highest 1000-grain weight. The highest number of effective tillers hill−1, grain yield and straw yield were recorded in BRRI dhan66 with 100% RD of N. In conclusion, the result of the study revealed that application of 100% recommended dose of N (150 kg ha−1) is suggested as the best nitrogen management approach for the drought tolerant rice cultivar BRRI dhan66 for its better performance.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79135609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sharmeen, Mohammed Saikat, J. Ahmed, M. Islam, A. Islam
The study was conducted to elucidate the extent of genetic diversity of 28 chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes. Chilli plants of the selected genotypes were grown in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh with recommended agronomic practices. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with tree replications. The analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the genotypes for the character studied. Genetic diversity in chilli genotypes were estimated based on 16 growth and yield contributing characters using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics and K-means clustering. The genotypes were grouped into four different clusters by non-hierarchical clustering. Cluster III had the maximum number (13) of genotypes followed by cluster I, IV and II with 7, 5 and 3 genotypes, respectively. The highest inter-cluster genetic divergence (9.87) was recorded between clusters II and IV, whereas the highest intra-cluster distance was recorded in cluster II (4.37). Cluster II was observed to be the most important with maximum cluster means for most of the valuable traits including number of fruits per plant and number of fruit yield per plant. The characters fruit yield/plant, days to 100% fruiting, days to first flowering and individual fruit weight contributed maximum towards divergence. Considering diversity pattern and other horticultural performance the Gen7 and Gen20 from cluster I, Gen8 and Gen10 from cluster IV and Gen24 from cluster III may be taken into consideration as better parents for an efficient hybridization programme of chilli.
本研究旨在阐明辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.) 28个基因型的遗传多样性程度。选定基因型的辣椒植物在孟加拉国Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman农业大学遗传与植物育种系野外实验室按照推荐的农艺做法种植。试验采用完全随机区组设计，重复3次。方差分析显示所研究性状的基因型之间存在相当大的变异性。利用Mahalanobis 's D2统计量和K-means聚类对辣椒16个生长和产量贡献性状的遗传多样性进行了估计。采用非分层聚类法将基因型分为4个不同的聚类。聚类III基因型最多(13个)，其次是聚类I、IV和II，分别有7个、5个和3个基因型。聚类II和聚类IV间遗传差异最大(9.87)，聚类II间遗传距离最大(4.37)。在单株果数和单株果产量等大部分有价值性状上，聚类ⅱ最重要，聚类均值最大。单株产量、100%结实天数、开花期和单果重等性状对分化贡献最大。考虑到多样性格局和其他园艺性能，可以考虑将来自第1集群的第7和第20代、来自第4集群的第8和第10代以及来自第3集群的第24代作为辣椒高效杂交的亲本。
{"title":"Parent selection for hybridization in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) using multivariate analysis and K-means clustering","authors":"F. Sharmeen, Mohammed Saikat, J. Ahmed, M. Islam, A. Islam","doi":"10.5455/faa.133442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.133442","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to elucidate the extent of genetic diversity of 28 chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes. Chilli plants of the selected genotypes were grown in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh with recommended agronomic practices. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with tree replications. The analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the genotypes for the character studied. Genetic diversity in chilli genotypes were estimated based on 16 growth and yield contributing characters using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics and K-means clustering. The genotypes were grouped into four different clusters by non-hierarchical clustering. Cluster III had the maximum number (13) of genotypes followed by cluster I, IV and II with 7, 5 and 3 genotypes, respectively. The highest inter-cluster genetic divergence (9.87) was recorded between clusters II and IV, whereas the highest intra-cluster distance was recorded in cluster II (4.37). Cluster II was observed to be the most important with maximum cluster means for most of the valuable traits including number of fruits per plant and number of fruit yield per plant. The characters fruit yield/plant, days to 100% fruiting, days to first flowering and individual fruit weight contributed maximum towards divergence. Considering diversity pattern and other horticultural performance the Gen7 and Gen20 from cluster I, Gen8 and Gen10 from cluster IV and Gen24 from cluster III may be taken into consideration as better parents for an efficient hybridization programme of chilli.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76872852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occurrence of fungal foliar diseases of tomato in different agro-ecological zones of Kirinyaga County, Kenya","authors":"F. Ogolla, M. Muraya, B. Onyango","doi":"10.5455/faa.140785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.140785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80163240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asani M. Afolabi, Lukman Salihu, Sani Salaudreen, O. Stephen, O. Adesola
Early information for sustainable utilization of water resources through poisson probability distribution of rainfall is an important regulatory measure for flood control and water security management. As a follow-up to our previous studies on distributions, this paper reports statistical goodness-of-fit evaluations of selected rainfall data. It is the utilization of the maximum likelihood method (MLM) for the poisson probability distribution (PPD)of selected rainfall data. The numerically estimated constant of the density of PPD was estimated by the MLM, and Microsoft Excel Solver (MES). These estimated constants were used to compute probabilities of poisson distributions. The computed probabilities using the constants obtained were evaluated statistically (analysis of variance, (ANOVA), relative error, model of' selection criterion (MSC), Coefficient of Determination (CD) and Correlation coefficient (R). The study established that the poisson probability distribution’s parameter (p) was the average of the logarithm to base 10 of rainfall using the MLM and MES estimators. The constants were found to be 0.665 and 0.535 for Makurdi, 0.695 and 0.478 for Abeokuta using MLM and MES, respectively. The relative errors were found to be 0.479 and 0.743, and 1.141 and 1.509 for Makurdi and Abeokuta using MLM and MES, respectively. The correlation coefficient for Makurdi and Abeokuta using MLM and MES were found to be 0.876 and 0.800, and 0.269 and 0.341, respectively. It was concluded that the MLM constant was better than MES based on the values of MSC, CD, relative error and R. MLM predicted Weibull probability of rainfall intensity better than MES. Utilization of PPD in the estimation of rainfall intensity will help in the prediction of rainfall for agriculture in attaining sustainable goal 2 (zero hunger), regulatory measures for flood control and water security management. There is a need to evaluate MLM and other probability distributions to further assist in attaining sustainable development goals.
{"title":"Poisson probability distribution analysis of Makurdi and Abeokuta rainfalls","authors":"Asani M. Afolabi, Lukman Salihu, Sani Salaudreen, O. Stephen, O. Adesola","doi":"10.5455/faa.129095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.129095","url":null,"abstract":"Early information for sustainable utilization of water resources through poisson probability distribution of rainfall is an important regulatory measure for flood control and water security management. As a follow-up to our previous studies on distributions, this paper reports statistical goodness-of-fit evaluations of selected rainfall data. It is the utilization of the maximum likelihood method (MLM) for the poisson probability distribution (PPD)of selected rainfall data. The numerically estimated constant of the density of PPD was estimated by the MLM, and Microsoft Excel Solver (MES). These estimated constants were used to compute probabilities of poisson distributions. The computed probabilities using the constants obtained were evaluated statistically (analysis of variance, (ANOVA), relative error, model of' selection criterion (MSC), Coefficient of Determination (CD) and Correlation coefficient (R). The study established that the poisson probability distribution’s parameter (p) was the average of the logarithm to base 10 of rainfall using the MLM and MES estimators. The constants were found to be 0.665 and 0.535 for Makurdi, 0.695 and 0.478 for Abeokuta using MLM and MES, respectively. The relative errors were found to be 0.479 and 0.743, and 1.141 and 1.509 for Makurdi and Abeokuta using MLM and MES, respectively. The correlation coefficient for Makurdi and Abeokuta using MLM and MES were found to be 0.876 and 0.800, and 0.269 and 0.341, respectively. It was concluded that the MLM constant was better than MES based on the values of MSC, CD, relative error and R. MLM predicted Weibull probability of rainfall intensity better than MES. Utilization of PPD in the estimation of rainfall intensity will help in the prediction of rainfall for agriculture in attaining sustainable goal 2 (zero hunger), regulatory measures for flood control and water security management. There is a need to evaluate MLM and other probability distributions to further assist in attaining sustainable development goals.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82339972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tazrin Akter, F. Zohura, Jasiatunnahar Jasiatunnahar, Sushmita Dey, I. Hamim, M. Hossain
{"title":"Effect of Chemical and Non-chemical Management Approaches in Controlling Wheat Blast","authors":"Tazrin Akter, F. Zohura, Jasiatunnahar Jasiatunnahar, Sushmita Dey, I. Hamim, M. Hossain","doi":"10.5455/faa.102461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.102461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88113570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khatun, M. Islam, F. Uddin, S. Paul, S. Sarkar, M. Rashid
An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2018 to study the effect of weed management practices on the performance of rice cv. Nizershail. The experiment included five weeding treatments i.e., (i) no weeding (T0), (ii) hand weeding at 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT) (T1), (iii) application of pre-emergence herbicide (T2), (iv) application of early post-emergence herbicide (T3), and (v) application of post-emergence herbicide (T4). The experiment was laid out in a random- ized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. All plant and yield contributing characters (except 1000-grain weight), and yields were significantly affected by weed control approaches. The application of early post-emergence herbicide Super power 10WP (T3) showed the promising results in controlling weeds in Nizershail rice. The highest values for plant height, panicle length and grain yield (1.41 t ha−1) were obtained from apply- ing post-emergence herbicide Super power 10WP. However, application of pre-emergence herbicide (Glycel 48SL) and two hand weeding at 15 and 35 DATs gave statistically similar grain yield. The results of the study showed that fifteen weed species belonging to six families infested the experimental plots. Weed density and dry matter were significantly affected by weed con- trol methods. Weed density and dry weight were also significantly affected by weed control methods. Both early post-emergence and post-emergence herbicides could effectively control the weed density and biomass.
2018年7月至12月，在孟加拉国农业大学Mymensingh农学田间实验室开展了一项试验，研究杂草管理措施对水稻产量的影响。Nizershail。试验包括5种除草处理，即(i)不除草(T0)、(ii)移栽后15和35 d手除草(DAT) (T1)、(iii)出苗前除草剂(T2)、(iv)出苗后早期除草剂(T3)和(v)出苗后除草剂(T4)。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个重复。除千粒重外，所有对植株和产量有贡献的性状以及产量均受杂草防治措施的显著影响。苗期除草剂Super power 10WP (T3)对水稻杂草的防治效果良好。出苗期除草剂超强力10WP处理的株高、穗长和籽粒产量最高(1.41 t ha - 1)。然而，在15和35个日龄施用出苗前除草剂(Glycel 48SL)和两次手除草的籽粒产量在统计学上相似。研究结果表明，试验田共发生6科15种杂草。杂草防治对杂草密度和干物质有显著影响。杂草防治措施对杂草密度和干重也有显著影响。出苗期和出苗期除草剂均能有效控制杂草密度和生物量。
{"title":"Effect of weed management practices on the performance of\u00004 rice cv. Nizershail","authors":"M. Khatun, M. Islam, F. Uddin, S. Paul, S. Sarkar, M. Rashid","doi":"10.5455/faa.98646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.98646","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2018 to study the effect of weed management practices on the performance of rice cv. Nizershail. The experiment included five weeding treatments i.e., (i) no weeding (T0), (ii) hand weeding at 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT) (T1), (iii) application of pre-emergence herbicide (T2), (iv) application of early post-emergence herbicide (T3), and (v) application of post-emergence herbicide (T4). The experiment was laid out in a random- ized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. All plant and yield contributing characters (except 1000-grain weight), and yields were significantly affected by weed control approaches. The application of early post-emergence herbicide Super power 10WP (T3) showed the promising results in controlling weeds in Nizershail rice. The highest values for plant height, panicle length and grain yield (1.41 t ha−1) were obtained from apply- ing post-emergence herbicide Super power 10WP. However, application of pre-emergence herbicide (Glycel 48SL) and two hand weeding at 15 and 35 DATs gave statistically similar grain yield. The results of the study showed that fifteen weed species belonging to six families infested the experimental plots. Weed density and dry matter were significantly affected by weed con- trol methods. Weed density and dry weight were also significantly affected by weed control methods. Both early post-emergence and post-emergence herbicides could effectively control the weed density and biomass.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84541360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Chowdhury, Jaher Ahmed, A. Shitel, Sushmita Saha
Squash is a common cucurbitaceous vegetable in tropical and sub-tropical regions that is infested by a wide variety of insect pests. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to assess the status of insect pests in three different squash varieties viz., Pahu, Ahung, and SQ10 during the reproductive stage. It was observed that the total number of insect pests in the Pahu variety was significantly higher than Ahung, and SQ10. During the fruiting stage, 10 insects have been identified as harmful, while 6 were recorded as beneficial. The harmful insects were the blue pumpkin beetle, red pumpkin beetle, green long-legged fly, fruit flies, ants, blowfly, butterfly, grasshopper, house fly, and mosquito. The blue pumpkin beetle was significantly higher than all other insect species in all the varieties followed by the green long-lagged fly, the red pumpkin beetle, and fruit flies. Meanwhile, the number of butterflies and blowflies were the lowest of all the varieties. The ladybird beetle, hoverfly, tachinid fly, bumble bee, and honeybee were the most common beneficial insects found in squash fruits. However, a significant difference was observed among the beneficial insects, and the number of ladybird beetles was significantly higher than that of other insects, regardless of the variety. Therefore, the variety Pahu is considered the most susceptible to insect pests compared to Ahung and SQ10.
{"title":"Status of the major insect pests of squash plants at fruiting stage","authors":"Z. Chowdhury, Jaher Ahmed, A. Shitel, Sushmita Saha","doi":"10.5455/faa.114314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.114314","url":null,"abstract":"Squash is a common cucurbitaceous vegetable in tropical and sub-tropical regions that is infested by a wide variety of insect pests. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to assess the status of insect pests in three different squash varieties viz., Pahu, Ahung, and SQ10 during the reproductive stage. It was observed that the total number of insect pests in the Pahu variety was significantly higher than Ahung, and SQ10. During the fruiting stage, 10 insects have been identified as harmful, while 6 were recorded as beneficial. The harmful insects were the blue pumpkin beetle, red pumpkin beetle, green long-legged fly, fruit flies, ants, blowfly, butterfly, grasshopper, house fly, and mosquito. The blue pumpkin beetle was significantly higher than all other insect species in all the varieties followed by the green long-lagged fly, the red pumpkin beetle, and fruit flies. Meanwhile, the number of butterflies and blowflies were the lowest of all the varieties. The ladybird beetle, hoverfly, tachinid fly, bumble bee, and honeybee were the most common beneficial insects found in squash fruits. However, a significant difference was observed among the beneficial insects, and the number of ladybird beetles was significantly higher than that of other insects, regardless of the variety. Therefore, the variety Pahu is considered the most susceptible to insect pests compared to Ahung and SQ10.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77990024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foysal Foysal, Md. H. Delwar, M. Ahsan, Farjana Farjana, M. Kabir
The study was carried out to investigate the effects of different salt concen- trations on germination and seedling growth of four varieties of tomato. Experimental treatment included five levels of NaCl concentration (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and four varieties of tomato (Binatomato-6, Binatomato-7, Binatomato-8, Binatomato-9). Data on germination percentage, radicle and plumule length, fresh weight of plumule and radicle, dry weight of plumule and radicle were recorded at different days after sowing (DAS) in Petri dishes. Results on main effects of varieties on germination of seed revealed that there was significant difference among four varieties of tomato at different days after sowing. At 9th days after sowing seeds, the highest percentage of seed germination (94.67%) was recorded in the variety Binatomato-6 and the lowest percentage of seed germination (61.33%) was observed in the variety Binatomato-8. NaCl solutions significantly affected seed germina- tion in tomato with the increase of NaCl solutions. At 11 days after sowing seeds, the highest percentage of seed germination (81.33%) of tomato was recorded in case of control (0 mM NaCl) and the lowest percentage of seed germination (0%) was observed in case of 150 mM NaCl salt solution. In case of combined effects of varieties and different levels of NaCl solutions on seed germination of tomato, the highest seed germination was recorded in the variety Binatomato-6 with control i.e. without any NaCl at 11 days after seed sowing. The germination percentage, germination coefficient, radicle and plumule length, seed vigor index, fresh weight of plumule and radicle, dry weight of plumule and radicle decrease with increasing NaCl salt solutions in the germination media compare to control. Result showed that among the four varieties of tomato, Binatomato-6, Binatomato-7 and Binatomato-9 are relatively more salt tolerant than Binatomato-8.
研究了不同盐浓度对4个番茄品种发芽和幼苗生长的影响。试验处理包括5个NaCl浓度水平(0、25、50、100和150 mM)和4个番茄品种(Binatomato-6、Binatomato-7、Binatomato-8、Binatomato-9)。在培养皿中记录播种后不同天数的发芽率、胚根和胚珠长、胚珠和胚根鲜重、胚珠和胚根干重等数据。品种对种子萌发的主要影响结果表明，4个番茄品种在播后不同天数间存在显著差异。播种后第9天，种子发芽率最高的品种为“Binatomato-6”(94.67%)，最低的品种为“Binatomato-8”(61.33%)。随着NaCl浓度的增加，对番茄种子萌发有显著影响。播种后11 d，对照(0 mM NaCl)番茄种子发芽率最高(81.33%)，150mm NaCl盐溶液番茄种子发芽率最低(0%)。在品种和不同NaCl浓度对番茄种子萌发的综合影响下，播种后11 d，对照(无NaCl处理)的Binatomato-6种子萌发率最高。种子萌发率、萌发系数、胚根和胚根长度、种子活力指数、胚根和胚根鲜重、胚根和胚根干重均随萌发介质中NaCl浓度的增加而降低。结果表明，在4个番茄品种中，Binatomato-6、Binatomato-7和Binatomato-9的耐盐性相对优于Binatomato-8。
{"title":"Effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato","authors":"Foysal Foysal, Md. H. Delwar, M. Ahsan, Farjana Farjana, M. Kabir","doi":"10.5455/faa.131830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.131830","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to investigate the effects of different salt concen- trations on germination and seedling growth of four varieties of tomato. Experimental treatment included five levels of NaCl concentration (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and four varieties of tomato (Binatomato-6, Binatomato-7, Binatomato-8, Binatomato-9). Data on germination percentage, radicle and plumule length, fresh weight of plumule and radicle, dry weight of plumule and radicle were recorded at different days after sowing (DAS) in Petri dishes. Results on main effects of varieties on germination of seed revealed that there was significant difference among four varieties of tomato at different days after sowing. At 9th days after sowing seeds, the highest percentage of seed germination (94.67%) was recorded in the variety Binatomato-6 and the lowest percentage of seed germination (61.33%) was observed in the variety Binatomato-8. NaCl solutions significantly affected seed germina- tion in tomato with the increase of NaCl solutions. At 11 days after sowing seeds, the highest percentage of seed germination (81.33%) of tomato was recorded in case of control (0 mM NaCl) and the lowest percentage of seed germination (0%) was observed in case of 150 mM NaCl salt solution. In case of combined effects of varieties and different levels of NaCl solutions on seed germination of tomato, the highest seed germination was recorded in the variety Binatomato-6 with control i.e. without any NaCl at 11 days after seed sowing. The germination percentage, germination coefficient, radicle and plumule length, seed vigor index, fresh weight of plumule and radicle, dry weight of plumule and radicle decrease with increasing NaCl salt solutions in the germination media compare to control. Result showed that among the four varieties of tomato, Binatomato-6, Binatomato-7 and Binatomato-9 are relatively more salt tolerant than Binatomato-8.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75719066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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