M. Rashid, Shapla Akther, S. Paul, Nisha Afroz, Israt Jahan, Yeasin Arafat
An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2021 through March 2022 to investigate the effects of foliar application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) on the performance of Binasoybean-1. The experiment comprised two factors, viz. (A) foliar supplementation of N, and (B) Zn fertilizer management. Factor A had two levels, viz. (i) no N application (control) (N0), and (ii) foliar application of 2% urea solution at pod formation stage (N1). Factor B had four levels, viz. (i) no Zn application (control) (Z0), (ii) basal application recommended dose (RD) of Zn (Z1), (iii) foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formation stage (Z2), and (iii) basal application of 50% RD of Zn + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formation stage (Z3). All growth parameters (leaf area, branch production and plant height), yield contributing characters (total number of pods m-2, number of fertile pods m-2, number of seeds m-2 and weight of 1000-seeds), and seed and stover yields were significantly affected by N fertilization. The highest values were recorded with foliar application of urea (2%) at pod formation stage. Zn management and the interaction of N and Zn management significantly affected the yield contributing parameters and yields of soybean. However, plant characters were affected neither by Zn nor the interaction. Basal application of 50% RD of Zn + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formation stage produced the highest values for all yield contributing characters. Interaction of these N and Zn treatments was also found to be the best combination in terms of these parameters (Table 1). However, foliar N (2% urea) application coupled with a single foilar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formations stage was as good as the previous combination and produced the statistically similar results in all these yield contributing characters. Therefore, for higher seed yield of soybean, 2% urea solution coupled with a single foilar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formations stage is recommended.
{"title":"Effect of foliar application of nitrogen and zinc on the performance of soybean","authors":"M. Rashid, Shapla Akther, S. Paul, Nisha Afroz, Israt Jahan, Yeasin Arafat","doi":"10.5455/faa.159807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.159807","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2021 through March 2022 to investigate the effects of foliar application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) on the performance of Binasoybean-1. The experiment comprised two factors, viz. (A) foliar supplementation of N, and (B) Zn fertilizer management. Factor A had two levels, viz. (i) no N application (control) (N0), and (ii) foliar application of 2% urea solution at pod formation stage (N1). Factor B had four levels, viz. (i) no Zn application (control) (Z0), (ii) basal application recommended dose (RD) of Zn (Z1), (iii) foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formation stage (Z2), and (iii) basal application of 50% RD of Zn + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formation stage (Z3). All growth parameters (leaf area, branch production and plant height), yield contributing characters (total number of pods m-2, number of fertile pods m-2, number of seeds m-2 and weight of 1000-seeds), and seed and stover yields were significantly affected by N fertilization. The highest values were recorded with foliar application of urea (2%) at pod formation stage. Zn management and the interaction of N and Zn management significantly affected the yield contributing parameters and yields of soybean. However, plant characters were affected neither by Zn nor the interaction. Basal application of 50% RD of Zn + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formation stage produced the highest values for all yield contributing characters. Interaction of these N and Zn treatments was also found to be the best combination in terms of these parameters (Table 1). However, foliar N (2% urea) application coupled with a single foilar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formations stage was as good as the previous combination and produced the statistically similar results in all these yield contributing characters. Therefore, for higher seed yield of soybean, 2% urea solution coupled with a single foilar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at pod formations stage is recommended.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73178911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genotype by environment (Location) interaction (GEI) is essential for identifying environment-specific and widely adapted genotypes of wheat. The experiment was carried out across five locations (Shyampur and Godagari under Rajshahi district, Nachole at Chapainawabganj, Sapahar at Naogaon and Lalpur at Natore district in north-west Bangladesh) to assess GEI effects on grain yield and its components and to identify high yielding and stable genotypes of wheat for grain yield in the year of 2020-21. Combined analyses of variance for G and GEI were significant for almost all traits. Significant GEI suggested that the performance of genotypes was not consistent across locations, revealing strong influence of environments on the expression of phenotype for all traits. Average over five locations, genotypes G84 (3647 kg ha-1) and G76 (3576 kg ha-1) exhibited maximum values for grain yield and also produced similar tillers m-2 (SPM) and grains spike-1 (GPS) where difference between them was statistically insignificant thus appeared as leading genotypes for yield and production traits. Again, the genotypes G84 and G76 produced statistically insignificant maximum yield in all locations indicating that they are high yielding and wide adapted genotypes. The genotype G80 produced insignificant yield and other yield traits with G76 and G84 across the locations indicating its wide adaptability. However, G26, G69 and G77 with higher grain yield in Shyampur, G53 and G59 in Godagari ,G20 in Lalpur, G3 in Nachole and G8 in Sapahar proved their specific adaptability in particular locations. Among locations, Shyampur and Godagari were identified as highly productive locations in terms of grain yield and positive environmental index. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield had strong positive association with spikes m-2 (r = 0.92**), grains spike-1 (r = 0.72**) and TGW (r = 0.89**). On the basis of mean grain yield and higher positive phenotypic index for SPM, GPS, TGW and GY, G76, the genotypes G84,G76 and G80 were found as high yielding genotypes and thus could be recommended as important breeding materials in upcoming specific breeding program for drought prone north-west part of Bangladesh.
{"title":"Genotype × environment interaction on grain yield and yield components in bread wheat","authors":"M. Siddquie, M. Hoque","doi":"10.5455/faa.146894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.146894","url":null,"abstract":"Genotype by environment (Location) interaction (GEI) is essential for identifying environment-specific and widely adapted genotypes of wheat. The experiment was carried out across five locations (Shyampur and Godagari under Rajshahi district, Nachole at Chapainawabganj, Sapahar at Naogaon and Lalpur at Natore district in north-west Bangladesh) to assess GEI effects on grain yield and its components and to identify high yielding and stable genotypes of wheat for grain yield in the year of 2020-21. Combined analyses of variance for G and GEI were significant for almost all traits. Significant GEI suggested that the performance of genotypes was not consistent across locations, revealing strong influence of environments on the expression of phenotype for all traits. Average over five locations, genotypes G84 (3647 kg ha-1) and G76 (3576 kg ha-1) exhibited maximum values for grain yield and also produced similar tillers m-2 (SPM) and grains spike-1 (GPS) where difference between them was statistically insignificant thus appeared as leading genotypes for yield and production traits. Again, the genotypes G84 and G76 produced statistically insignificant maximum yield in all locations indicating that they are high yielding and wide adapted genotypes. The genotype G80 produced insignificant yield and other yield traits with G76 and G84 across the locations indicating its wide adaptability. However, G26, G69 and G77 with higher grain yield in Shyampur, G53 and G59 in Godagari ,G20 in Lalpur, G3 in Nachole and G8 in Sapahar proved their specific adaptability in particular locations. Among locations, Shyampur and Godagari were identified as highly productive locations in terms of grain yield and positive environmental index. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield had strong positive association with spikes m-2 (r = 0.92**), grains spike-1 (r = 0.72**) and TGW (r = 0.89**). On the basis of mean grain yield and higher positive phenotypic index for SPM, GPS, TGW and GY, G76, the genotypes G84,G76 and G80 were found as high yielding genotypes and thus could be recommended as important breeding materials in upcoming specific breeding program for drought prone north-west part of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88334084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Shihab, Sahabuddin Ahamed, Md Ali, Md Awal, Shibendra Gope, Chayan Saha, Md Hasan, Md Alam, Alex Nelson
Long time storage of paddy is a concerning issue at farm households and rice mills of Bangladesh due to inadequate sustainable storage technologies. Hence, paddy storage facilities of 20 rice mills and 40 farm households of Mymensingh division were investigated following semi-structured questionnaires to know the existing paddy storage technologies, problems, and future needs. Traditional gunny bags are used in rice mills for storing consumable paddy whereas 77.5%, 20%, and 2.5% farmers use dole, gunny bag and plastic bag, respectively. About 60%, 17.5%, and 7.5% farmers under the study use GrainPro bag, metal/plastic drum, and motka, respectively for storing paddy seed. Despite using preventive chemicals about 2.4%, 3.4%, and 3.3% paddy loss occurs during storage in automatic, semi-automatic, and major rice mills, respectively. To solve problem, about 80% of rice mill owners demanded for hermetic cocoon.
{"title":"Paddy Storage Status at Rice Mill and Farm Household Levels of Mymensingh Division in Bangladesh","authors":"Md Shihab, Sahabuddin Ahamed, Md Ali, Md Awal, Shibendra Gope, Chayan Saha, Md Hasan, Md Alam, Alex Nelson","doi":"10.5455/faa.148302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.148302","url":null,"abstract":"Long time storage of paddy is a concerning issue at farm households and rice mills of Bangladesh due to inadequate sustainable storage technologies. Hence, paddy storage facilities of 20 rice mills and 40 farm households of Mymensingh division were investigated following semi-structured questionnaires to know the existing paddy storage technologies, problems, and future needs. Traditional gunny bags are used in rice mills for storing consumable paddy whereas 77.5%, 20%, and 2.5% farmers use dole, gunny bag and plastic bag, respectively. About 60%, 17.5%, and 7.5% farmers under the study use GrainPro bag, metal/plastic drum, and motka, respectively for storing paddy seed. Despite using preventive chemicals about 2.4%, 3.4%, and 3.3% paddy loss occurs during storage in automatic, semi-automatic, and major rice mills, respectively. To solve problem, about 80% of rice mill owners demanded for hermetic cocoon.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic diversity plays an important function in the improvement of germplasm which has a direct association with the crop productivity. A number of statistical methods have been employed to investigate genetic diversity among the genotypes of various crops. Approaches like principal component and cluster analysis are useful and most frequently used for identifying plant characters individually and assisting breeders in genetically enhancing attributes in wheat genotypes. This research was carried out at the experimental field of On-farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Shyampur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, to study the genetic diversity and selection of high yielding wheat genotypes with their important agronomic and physiological traits among studied genotypes in drought condition by using principal component and cluster analyses. A total of 70 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in 7 × 10 alpha lattice design in non-irrigated drought conditions during 2018-2019 cropping season. The first four principal components (PCs) with eigen values greater than 1.0 accounting for 82.81% of the total observed variation among genotypes. Traits with maximum values in PC1 were spikes m-2 (SPM), thousand grain weight (TGW), ground coverage (GC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain yield (GY), biomass (BM), and harvest index (HI) while PC2 comprised heading days (HD) and BM. The major contributors to PC3 were grains spike-1 (GPS) and GC, whereas the maximum value of trait in PC4 was in relative leaf water content (RWC). The principal component biplot selected 21 high yielding genotypes than the average yield as they were distributed on the positive side of the PC1. The cluster analysis grouped 70 genotypes into six diverse clusters. Cluster Ⅱ containing same 21 genotypes previously selected by principal component biplot provided the highest SPM (257.4), GPS (42.2), TGW (40.51 g), GC (0.27), NDVI(0.73), SPAD (44.24), RWC (88.33%), grain yield (3216kg ha-1), BM (8535 Kg ha-1) and HI (0.37) belonging to the lowest canopy temperature at vegetative stage (16.14˚C) and canopy temperature at grain filling stage (24.64˚C) and moderate HD (71.65 days). Based on the results of the current study the best genotypes can be used as important breeding materials in upcoming breeding schemes for drought tolerance.
{"title":"Genetic diversity based on Principal Component and cluster analysis for various characters in spring wheat genotypes under drought condition","authors":"M. Siddquie, M. Hoque","doi":"10.5455/faa.146884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.146884","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic diversity plays an important function in the improvement of germplasm which has a direct association with the crop productivity. A number of statistical methods have been employed to investigate genetic diversity among the genotypes of various crops. Approaches like principal component and cluster analysis are useful and most frequently used for identifying plant characters individually and assisting breeders in genetically enhancing attributes in wheat genotypes. This research was carried out at the experimental field of On-farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Shyampur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, to study the genetic diversity and selection of high yielding wheat genotypes with their important agronomic and physiological traits among studied genotypes in drought condition by using principal component and cluster analyses. A total of 70 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in 7 × 10 alpha lattice design in non-irrigated drought conditions during 2018-2019 cropping season. The first four principal components (PCs) with eigen values greater than 1.0 accounting for 82.81% of the total observed variation among genotypes. Traits with maximum values in PC1 were spikes m-2 (SPM), thousand grain weight (TGW), ground coverage (GC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain yield (GY), biomass (BM), and harvest index (HI) while PC2 comprised heading days (HD) and BM. The major contributors to PC3 were grains spike-1 (GPS) and GC, whereas the maximum value of trait in PC4 was in relative leaf water content (RWC). The principal component biplot selected 21 high yielding genotypes than the average yield as they were distributed on the positive side of the PC1. The cluster analysis grouped 70 genotypes into six diverse clusters. Cluster Ⅱ containing same 21 genotypes previously selected by principal component biplot provided the highest SPM (257.4), GPS (42.2), TGW (40.51 g), GC (0.27), NDVI(0.73), SPAD (44.24), RWC (88.33%), grain yield (3216kg ha-1), BM (8535 Kg ha-1) and HI (0.37) belonging to the lowest canopy temperature at vegetative stage (16.14˚C) and canopy temperature at grain filling stage (24.64˚C) and moderate HD (71.65 days). Based on the results of the current study the best genotypes can be used as important breeding materials in upcoming breeding schemes for drought tolerance.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78029797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharad Chowdhury, Mohammad Mahbubul, Md Habib, Md Ali, Auvijit Apu
The present study was conducted with the aim to reveal the effect of genotypes on reaction time, refractory period, semen index and liquid stored (at 4oC) semen quality of breeding bulls in Bangladesh. Semen was collected twice a week from Holstein Friesian, Sahiwal and Brahman breeding bulls. Reaction time and refractory period were examined for the breeding bulls. Semen volume, sperm concentration and total spermatozoa/ejaculate were measured immediately after collection. It was revealed that genotype had a significant (P<0.01) effect on semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm output and refractory period but not in reaction time. From the point of view of semen index, semen quality of Holstein Friesian breeding bulls was superior to Sahiwal and Brahnman breeding bulls. Progressive motility, live and normal spermatozoa of fresh semen did not differ significantly but after dilution progressive motility differed significantly (P<0.05) in different genotypes of breeding bulls. During preservation time (0 to 120 hours), progressive motility, normal and live spermatozoa changed significantly (P<0.05) in each genotype with the progress of time. During 0 hour, 72 hours and 120 hours of preservation, progressive motility was found in Holstein Friesian (73.11±1.12%, 53.11±5.14%, 13.40±2.53%), Sahiwal (78.21±1.68%, 64.96±4.60%, 13.22±1.42%), and Brahman (75.21±1.68%, 54.86±4.40%, 16.96±4.42%), respectively. On the other hand, non-return rate was found insignificant (P>0.05), where higher fertility was observed in Holstein Friesian bull (67.2%) followed by Sahiwal (63.7%) and Brahman bull (57.38%). In a nutshell, Holstein Friesian bull has better fresh, diluted and preserved semen quality than the other two genotypes and after the 3 days of preservation, semen quality in respect of progressive motility, normal and live spermatozoa drastically deteriorated. Therefore, it is recommended that preserved semen of different genotypes should be used for AI within 3 days of liquid semen preservation at 4oC.
{"title":"Effect of genotypes on reaction time, refractory period, semen index and liquid stored semen quality of breeding bulls in Bangladesh","authors":"Sharad Chowdhury, Mohammad Mahbubul, Md Habib, Md Ali, Auvijit Apu","doi":"10.5455/faa.160463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.160463","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted with the aim to reveal the effect of genotypes on reaction time, refractory period, semen index and liquid stored (at 4oC) semen quality of breeding bulls in Bangladesh. Semen was collected twice a week from Holstein Friesian, Sahiwal and Brahman breeding bulls. Reaction time and refractory period were examined for the breeding bulls. Semen volume, sperm concentration and total spermatozoa/ejaculate were measured immediately after collection. It was revealed that genotype had a significant (P<0.01) effect on semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm output and refractory period but not in reaction time. From the point of view of semen index, semen quality of Holstein Friesian breeding bulls was superior to Sahiwal and Brahnman breeding bulls. Progressive motility, live and normal spermatozoa of fresh semen did not differ significantly but after dilution progressive motility differed significantly (P<0.05) in different genotypes of breeding bulls. During preservation time (0 to 120 hours), progressive motility, normal and live spermatozoa changed significantly (P<0.05) in each genotype with the progress of time. During 0 hour, 72 hours and 120 hours of preservation, progressive motility was found in Holstein Friesian (73.11±1.12%, 53.11±5.14%, 13.40±2.53%), Sahiwal (78.21±1.68%, 64.96±4.60%, 13.22±1.42%), and Brahman (75.21±1.68%, 54.86±4.40%, 16.96±4.42%), respectively. On the other hand, non-return rate was found insignificant (P>0.05), where higher fertility was observed in Holstein Friesian bull (67.2%) followed by Sahiwal (63.7%) and Brahman bull (57.38%). In a nutshell, Holstein Friesian bull has better fresh, diluted and preserved semen quality than the other two genotypes and after the 3 days of preservation, semen quality in respect of progressive motility, normal and live spermatozoa drastically deteriorated. Therefore, it is recommended that preserved semen of different genotypes should be used for AI within 3 days of liquid semen preservation at 4oC.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumaiya Mimmi, Anisur Rahman, Most Anzum, Mahbub Alom, Chayan Saha
Climate vulnerable country like Bangladesh is struggling to produce high value crops and to ensure food security. High value crops can ensure food se- curity by reducing poverty and helping farmers to use updated technologies. Greenhouse technology could be potential solution for providing high-value crops year-round. Recently, Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corpora- tion (BADC) installed a greenhouse with modern technologies and facilities to cultivate off-season vegetables and high-value crops at Godhkhali in Jashore for the farmers. The purpose of the study was to investigate the design construction, technical and financial performances of the BADC in- stalled greenhouse for ensuring high-value crops year-round. The relevant data for this study were collected through field visit, experiment, secondary sources, and direct interviews of BADC personnel and greenhouse farmers. The results showed that the solar intensity varied from 40 W m−2 to 150 W m−2 inside the greenhouse from 9.00 AM to 4.00 PM with shed net condition. The maximum temperature was 36 ̊C and minimum was found 26 °C inside greenhouse and the average temperature ranged between 29 °C to 34 °C.The Relative Humidity (RH) was found 75% (maximum) and 46% (minimum). The air velocity was found of 1.3 m s−1 (maximum) and 0 m s−1 (minimum) inside the greenhouse. Comparing crops’ optimum and greenhouse condi- tion, the study has found that the greenhouse has achieved the optimum parameters (solar intensity, temperature, RH) for capsicum and tomato culti- vation in November. The payback period for summer tomato and capsicum was found 1.94 years for the rotation cultivation. The benefit-cost ratio was found of 1.83 which indicates the greenhouse is profitable for farmers. The smart greenhouse can be developed by adding a fan, pad cooling system, and sensor-based system which will help to cultivate lettuce leaf, peas, beans, eggplant, cucumber, strawberry and other high-value crops.
像孟加拉国这样易受气候影响的国家正在努力生产高价值作物并确保粮食安全。高价值作物可以通过减少贫困和帮助农民使用最新技术来确保粮食安全。温室技术可能是全年提供高价值作物的潜在解决方案。最近，孟加拉国农业发展公司(BADC)在j岸上的Godhkhali为农民安装了一个采用现代技术和设施的温室，用于种植反季节蔬菜和高价值作物。本研究的目的是研究BADC温室的设计、建造、技术和财务性能，以确保全年高价值作物。本研究的相关数据是通过实地走访、实验、二手资料和对BADC人员和温室农民的直接访谈来收集的。结果表明:在棚网条件下，从上午9点到下午4点，温室内太阳强度在40 ~ 150 W m−2之间变化;温室内最高气温36℃，最低气温26℃，平均气温29 ~ 34℃。相对湿度(RH)最大75%，最小46%。温室内风速最大为1.3 m s - 1，最小为0 m s - 1。对比作物最适条件和温室条件，发现温室在11月达到了辣椒和番茄栽培的最适参数(日照强度、温度、相对湿度)。夏季番茄和辣椒轮作的投资回收期为1.94年。效益成本比为1.83，表明温室对农民是有利的。智能温室可以通过增加风扇、垫式冷却系统和基于传感器的系统来开发，这将有助于种植生菜叶、豌豆、豆类、茄子、黄瓜、草莓和其他高价值作物。
{"title":"Investigation of BADC installed arctype plastic and net covered greenhouse for production of high value crops in Bangladesh","authors":"Sumaiya Mimmi, Anisur Rahman, Most Anzum, Mahbub Alom, Chayan Saha","doi":"10.5455/faa.158797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.158797","url":null,"abstract":"Climate vulnerable country like Bangladesh is struggling to produce high value crops and to ensure food security. High value crops can ensure food se- curity by reducing poverty and helping farmers to use updated technologies. Greenhouse technology could be potential solution for providing high-value crops year-round. Recently, Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corpora- tion (BADC) installed a greenhouse with modern technologies and facilities to cultivate off-season vegetables and high-value crops at Godhkhali in Jashore for the farmers. The purpose of the study was to investigate the design construction, technical and financial performances of the BADC in- stalled greenhouse for ensuring high-value crops year-round. The relevant data for this study were collected through field visit, experiment, secondary sources, and direct interviews of BADC personnel and greenhouse farmers. The results showed that the solar intensity varied from 40 W m−2 to 150 W m−2 inside the greenhouse from 9.00 AM to 4.00 PM with shed net condition. The maximum temperature was 36 ̊C and minimum was found 26 °C inside greenhouse and the average temperature ranged between 29 °C to 34 °C.The Relative Humidity (RH) was found 75% (maximum) and 46% (minimum). The air velocity was found of 1.3 m s−1 (maximum) and 0 m s−1 (minimum) inside the greenhouse. Comparing crops’ optimum and greenhouse condi- tion, the study has found that the greenhouse has achieved the optimum parameters (solar intensity, temperature, RH) for capsicum and tomato culti- vation in November. The payback period for summer tomato and capsicum was found 1.94 years for the rotation cultivation. The benefit-cost ratio was found of 1.83 which indicates the greenhouse is profitable for farmers. The smart greenhouse can be developed by adding a fan, pad cooling system, and sensor-based system which will help to cultivate lettuce leaf, peas, beans, eggplant, cucumber, strawberry and other high-value crops.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2020 to March 2021 to evaluate the performance of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars for higher yield and quality through organic manures. The experiment consisted of two varieties viz., Beet Palong (V1), Red Ball (V2) and eight organic manures treatments viz., T0 (control), T1 (cow dung @ 15 t/ha), T2 (mustard oil cake @ 0.5 t/ha), T3 (vermicompost @ 10 t/ha), T4 (cow dung @ 7.5 t/ha + mustard oil cake @ 0.25 t/ha), T5 (cow dung @ 7.5 t/ha + vermicompost @ 0.5 t/ha), T6 (mustard oil cake @ 0.5 t/ha + vermicompost @ 10 t/ha), T7 (Cowdung @ 5 t/ha + Mustard oil cake @ 0.15 t/ha + vermicompost @ 3t/ha). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. There was a significant effect of varieties and organic manures on beetroot growth, yield and quality. The highest plant height (35.21 cm) was recorded on the Red Ball variety with Cowdung @ 5 t/ha + Mustard oil cake @ 0.15 t/ha + vermicompost @ 3t/ha (T7) treatment along with a large number of leaves (10.10), highest leaf length (24.33 cm) and breadth (16.03 cm). The root yield of the Red Ball variety was 35.82 t/ha, whereas the root yield of the Beet Palong variety was 25.68 t/ha. In case of organic manures, highest root yield (40.33 t/ha) was measured in T7 treatment whereas the lowest root yield (22.82 t/ha) was found in T2. In combination treatment, Red Ball variety with produced the maximum root yield (48.30 t/ha) in combination with T7 treatment whereas the Beet Palong variety produced the lowest root yield (15.37 t/ha) in combination with T0 treatment. Lower crack percentage (6.67%) and rotten percentage (3.33%) of beetroot were observed in the Red Ball variety (V2) in comparison to Beet Palong (V1). The maximum dry matter content (34.19%) was found in combination treatment V1T5 whereas the minimum dry matter content (16.08%) was observed in V2T0. Therefore, the study indicated that Red Ball variety (V2) in combination with Cowdung @ 5 t/ha + Mustard oil cake @ 0.15 t/ha + vermicompost @ 3t/ha (T7) along with recommended chemical fertilizer may be recommended for better and better quality of beetroot.
{"title":"Yield and quality performance of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) as influenced by organic manure management","authors":"Md Mia, M. Rashid","doi":"10.5455/faa.93670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.93670","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2020 to March 2021 to evaluate the performance of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars for higher yield and quality through organic manures. The experiment consisted of two varieties viz., Beet Palong (V1), Red Ball (V2) and eight organic manures treatments viz., T0 (control), T1 (cow dung @ 15 t/ha), T2 (mustard oil cake @ 0.5 t/ha), T3 (vermicompost @ 10 t/ha), T4 (cow dung @ 7.5 t/ha + mustard oil cake @ 0.25 t/ha), T5 (cow dung @ 7.5 t/ha + vermicompost @ 0.5 t/ha), T6 (mustard oil cake @ 0.5 t/ha + vermicompost @ 10 t/ha), T7 (Cowdung @ 5 t/ha + Mustard oil cake @ 0.15 t/ha + vermicompost @ 3t/ha). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. There was a significant effect of varieties and organic manures on beetroot growth, yield and quality. The highest plant height (35.21 cm) was recorded on the Red Ball variety with Cowdung @ 5 t/ha + Mustard oil cake @ 0.15 t/ha + vermicompost @ 3t/ha (T7) treatment along with a large number of leaves (10.10), highest leaf length (24.33 cm) and breadth (16.03 cm). The root yield of the Red Ball variety was 35.82 t/ha, whereas the root yield of the Beet Palong variety was 25.68 t/ha. In case of organic manures, highest root yield (40.33 t/ha) was measured in T7 treatment whereas the lowest root yield (22.82 t/ha) was found in T2. In combination treatment, Red Ball variety with produced the maximum root yield (48.30 t/ha) in combination with T7 treatment whereas the Beet Palong variety produced the lowest root yield (15.37 t/ha) in combination with T0 treatment. Lower crack percentage (6.67%) and rotten percentage (3.33%) of beetroot were observed in the Red Ball variety (V2) in comparison to Beet Palong (V1). The maximum dry matter content (34.19%) was found in combination treatment V1T5 whereas the minimum dry matter content (16.08%) was observed in V2T0. Therefore, the study indicated that Red Ball variety (V2) in combination with Cowdung @ 5 t/ha + Mustard oil cake @ 0.15 t/ha + vermicompost @ 3t/ha (T7) along with recommended chemical fertilizer may be recommended for better and better quality of beetroot.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84253190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study investigated the efficacy of barberry biochar in reducing nitrate leaching in arid and semi-arid area. The experiment was conducted in factorial design investigating the effect of two biochar particle sizes (less than 1mm and more than 2.8 mm) and three biochar amounts (1%, 2%, and 3% by mass ratio) on nitrate leaching in soil. Our findings revealed significant reductions in nitrate leaching upon the application of barberry biochar. The experimental treatments had a significant effect on nitrate concentration in leached water in both sampling stages. Although the initial sampling indicated non-significant variances between particle size, clear statistical differences emerged in the second sampling. The smaller biochar particle sizes (less than 1 mm) recorded greater reductions by 76.3% in nitrate leaching compared to larger ones (exceeding 2.8 mm) that resulted in 66.2% reduction. Our results indicated that a 1% weight of biochar produced the lowest leaching rate, with reductions of 79.7% in the first sampling and 82.6% in the second sampling. Finer biochar particle sizes (< 1mm) were the most effective at reducing nitrate leaching, which achieved to an 80.9% reduction. Overall, barberry biochar shows potential in mitigating nitrate pollution, enhancing soil quality, and promoting agricultural sustainability. It is important to consider the optimal biochar application rate and particle size to maximize its effectiveness in reducing nitrate leaching while minimizing any potential negative impacts on crop yield. Further research is required to optimize biochar application rates, particle sizes, and long-term effects in diverse agricultural systems. Implementing biochar as a soil amendment holds promise in improving soil health, water quality, and overall sustainability.
{"title":"Biochar: An Eco-friendly Approach for the Alleviation of Nitrate Leaching and Augmentation of Soil Health","authors":"Mandana Mirbakhsh, Tayebeh Rajabian","doi":"10.5455/faa.164224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.164224","url":null,"abstract":"Our study investigated the efficacy of barberry biochar in reducing nitrate leaching in arid and semi-arid area. The experiment was conducted in factorial design investigating the effect of two biochar particle sizes (less than 1mm and more than 2.8 mm) and three biochar amounts (1%, 2%, and 3% by mass ratio) on nitrate leaching in soil. Our findings revealed significant reductions in nitrate leaching upon the application of barberry biochar. The experimental treatments had a significant effect on nitrate concentration in leached water in both sampling stages. Although the initial sampling indicated non-significant variances between particle size, clear statistical differences emerged in the second sampling. The smaller biochar particle sizes (less than 1 mm) recorded greater reductions by 76.3% in nitrate leaching compared to larger ones (exceeding 2.8 mm) that resulted in 66.2% reduction. Our results indicated that a 1% weight of biochar produced the lowest leaching rate, with reductions of 79.7% in the first sampling and 82.6% in the second sampling. Finer biochar particle sizes (< 1mm) were the most effective at reducing nitrate leaching, which achieved to an 80.9% reduction. Overall, barberry biochar shows potential in mitigating nitrate pollution, enhancing soil quality, and promoting agricultural sustainability. It is important to consider the optimal biochar application rate and particle size to maximize its effectiveness in reducing nitrate leaching while minimizing any potential negative impacts on crop yield. Further research is required to optimize biochar application rates, particle sizes, and long-term effects in diverse agricultural systems. Implementing biochar as a soil amendment holds promise in improving soil health, water quality, and overall sustainability.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135311130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phalguni Das, Protyasha Biswas, Mousumi Akter, Atiqur Rahman, Md Alam
BACKGROUND: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the rhizosphere bacteria that can enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. This study was conducted to assess the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on growth and nutrient assimilation of rice. METHODOLOGY: Seeds of transplant Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan49) were collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). Pot experiment was conducted with rice plant inoculated with two PGPR isolates MQ1 (Zinc solubilizing, IAA producing, phosphate solubilizing and N2-fixing) and MQ2 (Zinc solubilizing, phosphate solubilizing and N2-fixing) with addition of three different levels of chemical fertilizers (FR0.0 no fertilizer, FR0.5 half of the recommended dose, FR1.0 full of the recommended dose of fertilizers) following Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Plant height at different days after transplanting, number of tillers hill-1 and biomass yield were recorded. Plant samples were analyzed for N, P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cd contents. KEY FINDINGS: Rice plants inoculated with the PGPR both individually or in consortium along with different doses of fertilizers showed an improved plant growth and increased biomass production. Highest plant height (74.057±3.164 cm) and maximum number of tillers hill-1 (13.000±2.082) were recorded in PGPRMQ1RF1.0 treatment and the highest biomass production (10.275±0.541 t ha-1) was recorded in PGPRCONS.RF1.0. Nitrogen content and uptake of the individual PGPR treated rice plants was also found to be higher in comparison with the uninoculated control plants. Besides these iron and zinc content of the treated rice plants was also found to be higher in comparison with the uninoculated control plants. N (0.268±0.046), P (0.626±0.095), Fe (6.062094±A), Zn (1.237±0.197) and Mn (11.908±1.879) uptake were observed higher in PGPRMQ1RF1.0 treatment. CONCLUSION: PGPR inoculation has immense potential to be used as agricultural crop inoculants as they promote plant growth as well as nutrient assimilation of rice.
背景:促进植物生长的根际细菌(PGPR)是可以通过多种机制促进植物生长的根际细菌。本试验旨在研究植物促生菌对水稻生长和养分同化的影响。方法:移植阿曼水稻种子(cv。BRRI dhan49)收集自孟加拉国水稻研究所(BRRI)。盆栽试验采用完全随机设计，3个重复，分别接种两株PGPR分离株MQ1(增锌、产IAA、增磷、固氮)和MQ2(增锌、增磷、固氮)，添加3种不同水平的化肥(FR0.0不施肥、FR0.5为推荐用量的一半、FR1.0为推荐用量的全部)。记录移栽后不同天数的株高、分蘖数、hill-1和生物量产量。分析了植物样品中N、P、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu和Cd的含量。主要发现:水稻植株单独或联合接种PGPR，以及不同剂量的肥料均能改善植株生长，增加生物量产量。PGPRMQ1RF1.0处理的株高最高(74.057±3.164 cm)，分蘖数最高(13.000±2.082)，生物量最高(10.275±0.541 t ha-1)。与未接种的对照植株相比，PGPR处理的水稻植株的氮含量和吸收量也更高。此外，与未接种对照植株相比，处理植株的铁和锌含量也较高。PGPRMQ1RF1.0处理的N(0.268±0.046)、P(0.626±0.095)、Fe(6.062094±A)、Zn(1.237±0.197)、Mn(11.908±1.879)摄取量较高。结论:PGPR接种能促进水稻植株生长和养分吸收，具有广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"Co-inoculation of multi-trait plant growth promoting rhizobacteria promotes growth and nutrient assimilation of transplant Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan49)","authors":"Phalguni Das, Protyasha Biswas, Mousumi Akter, Atiqur Rahman, Md Alam","doi":"10.5455/faa.149289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.149289","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the rhizosphere bacteria that can enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. This study was conducted to assess the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on growth and nutrient assimilation of rice. METHODOLOGY: Seeds of transplant Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan49) were collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). Pot experiment was conducted with rice plant inoculated with two PGPR isolates MQ1 (Zinc solubilizing, IAA producing, phosphate solubilizing and N2-fixing) and MQ2 (Zinc solubilizing, phosphate solubilizing and N2-fixing) with addition of three different levels of chemical fertilizers (FR0.0 no fertilizer, FR0.5 half of the recommended dose, FR1.0 full of the recommended dose of fertilizers) following Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Plant height at different days after transplanting, number of tillers hill-1 and biomass yield were recorded. Plant samples were analyzed for N, P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cd contents. KEY FINDINGS: Rice plants inoculated with the PGPR both individually or in consortium along with different doses of fertilizers showed an improved plant growth and increased biomass production. Highest plant height (74.057±3.164 cm) and maximum number of tillers hill-1 (13.000±2.082) were recorded in PGPRMQ1RF1.0 treatment and the highest biomass production (10.275±0.541 t ha-1) was recorded in PGPRCONS.RF1.0. Nitrogen content and uptake of the individual PGPR treated rice plants was also found to be higher in comparison with the uninoculated control plants. Besides these iron and zinc content of the treated rice plants was also found to be higher in comparison with the uninoculated control plants. N (0.268±0.046), P (0.626±0.095), Fe (6.062094±A), Zn (1.237±0.197) and Mn (11.908±1.879) uptake were observed higher in PGPRMQ1RF1.0 treatment. CONCLUSION: PGPR inoculation has immense potential to be used as agricultural crop inoculants as they promote plant growth as well as nutrient assimilation of rice.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135211463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yeasmin, Eshara Jahan, A. Islam, M. Anwar, T. Hoque
This study aimed to ascertain the effect of land uses (cropland, orchard, grassland, and fallow) on soil OC pools in two depths (0–10 and 40–50 cm). Particulate organic matter (POM) (> 53 µm) and mineral associated OM (MOM) (< 53 µm) pools were physically separated from bulk soils and analyzed for OC and N analysis. For both depths, the soil from grassland showed considerably higher OC (0.96-1.47%) and N (0.084-0.095%) values than the other land uses. In surface depth, the lowest OC was found in cropland soil (0.83%) and in sub-surface, it was in fallow land soil (0.75%), whereas the orchard soil had moderate OC in both depths. Depth showed significant differences in OC distribution. Surface soils had higher OC than the sub-surface soils which can be explained by the continuous addition of organic residues (crop/leaf/dried grasses) on the top soil. The distribution of POM and MOM fractions among the soils of different land uses were different. Interestingly, cropland and orchard soils had higher MOM-OC (MOC) than POM-OC (POC) in comparison to the relatively less disturbed grassland and fallow land soils. The amount of OC and N in OM pools was significantly different among the land uses in both depths. In surface depth, cropland soil showed the lowest POC content whereas the orchard and fallow land soils showed relatively higher. The MOC content was highest in fallow land (2.73%), lowest in orchard (1.30%) and cropland had moderate amount. In sub-surface depth, amount of OC was higher than surface soils and the trend of OC distribution between POM and MOM was different. Grassland soil had the highest OC (2.89-3.10%) for both fractions, followed by cropland > orchard > fallow. These findings showed that in cropland disturbance in soil could aid in depleting OC only from the most labile POM pool keeping the OC almost intact in stable MOM pool. Less disturbance in native soil condition such as grassland does not always benefit in enhancing/maintaining OC, rather it depends on the quality and quantity of OM added in the soils from the vegetation cover.
{"title":"Impact of land use on carbon sequestration potential of soils in Agroecological Zone-9 of Bangladesh","authors":"S. Yeasmin, Eshara Jahan, A. Islam, M. Anwar, T. Hoque","doi":"10.5455/faa.158827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.158827","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to ascertain the effect of land uses (cropland, orchard, grassland, and fallow) on soil OC pools in two depths (0–10 and 40–50 cm). Particulate organic matter (POM) (> 53 µm) and mineral associated OM (MOM) (< 53 µm) pools were physically separated from bulk soils and analyzed for OC and N analysis. For both depths, the soil from grassland showed considerably higher OC (0.96-1.47%) and N (0.084-0.095%) values than the other land uses. In surface depth, the lowest OC was found in cropland soil (0.83%) and in sub-surface, it was in fallow land soil (0.75%), whereas the orchard soil had moderate OC in both depths. Depth showed significant differences in OC distribution. Surface soils had higher OC than the sub-surface soils which can be explained by the continuous addition of organic residues (crop/leaf/dried grasses) on the top soil. The distribution of POM and MOM fractions among the soils of different land uses were different. Interestingly, cropland and orchard soils had higher MOM-OC (MOC) than POM-OC (POC) in comparison to the relatively less disturbed grassland and fallow land soils. The amount of OC and N in OM pools was significantly different among the land uses in both depths. In surface depth, cropland soil showed the lowest POC content whereas the orchard and fallow land soils showed relatively higher. The MOC content was highest in fallow land (2.73%), lowest in orchard (1.30%) and cropland had moderate amount. In sub-surface depth, amount of OC was higher than surface soils and the trend of OC distribution between POM and MOM was different. Grassland soil had the highest OC (2.89-3.10%) for both fractions, followed by cropland > orchard > fallow. These findings showed that in cropland disturbance in soil could aid in depleting OC only from the most labile POM pool keeping the OC almost intact in stable MOM pool. Less disturbance in native soil condition such as grassland does not always benefit in enhancing/maintaining OC, rather it depends on the quality and quantity of OM added in the soils from the vegetation cover.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79916438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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