Nowadays, organic fertilizers such as biochar and compost tea have gained a huge interest in sustainable agricultural systems. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 seasons to study the effect of biochar (BC) as soil applications, compost tea (CT) as foliar applications, and their combination on the growth, yield, and essential oil composition of P. graveolens. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. Three biochar rates (0, 5, and 10 t ha-1) and four compost tea concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 %) were assigned randomly in plots. Plants were harvested twice; i.e., on 1st May and 30th September, and the following data were recorded for each cut: plant height, leaf area index, fresh herbage yield, oil %, oil yield, and chemical constituents of essential oil. Results indicated that P. graveolens growth parameters and yield components at both cuts were significantly affected by biochar application and foliar application of compost tea, and a significant interaction of these two factors also occurred. All treatments gave significantly the best values of plant height, leaf area index, and fresh herbage yield in addition to essential oil % and oil yield, in comparison with the control treatment. Among treatments, the plants receiving biochar at 10 t ha-1 in combination with compost tea 0.1% could be the best choice. The numerical increase in the abovementioned parameters, in comparison with that of control treatment, reached 115.30, 79.59, 68.85, 66.67 and 181.42 %, in the first cut and 118.66, 80.04, 65.81, 66.67 and 176.35 % in the second cuts for the tested parameters, respectively. Therefore, this treatment was recommended to achieve the highest yield and excellent quality of essential oil under these experimental conditions. Future investigation is required to determine the optimum doses of biochar and compost tea.
如今，有机肥料，如生物炭和堆肥茶，在可持续农业系统中获得了巨大的兴趣。在2019年和2020年两季进行了两项田间试验，研究了生物炭(BC)作为土壤施用、堆肥茶(CT)作为叶面施用及其组合对白杨生长、产量和挥发油成分的影响。试验设计为随机完全区组，设3个重复。在小区中随机分配3种生物炭(0、5和10 t hm -1)和4种堆肥茶浓度(0、0.1、0.2和0.3%)。植物收获两次;分别于5月1日和9月30日采集，记录每次采伐的株高、叶面积指数、鲜草产量、出油率、出油率和挥发油化学成分。结果表明，施用生物炭和叶面施用堆肥茶均显著影响白杨的生长参数和产量组成，且两者之间存在显著的交互作用。与对照处理相比，各处理在株高、叶面积指数、鲜草产量、挥发油%和出油率等指标上均显著高于对照处理。其中，施用10 t hm -1的生物炭和0.1%的堆肥茶是最佳选择。与对照处理相比，上述参数在第一次切割时分别增加了115.30、79.59、68.85、66.67和181.42%，在第二次切割时分别增加了118.66、80.04、65.81、66.67和176.35%。因此，在这些实验条件下，该处理可以获得最高的精油收率和优良的精油品质。未来的研究需要确定生物炭和堆肥茶的最佳剂量。
{"title":"Biochar as organic fertilizer and interactive effect of compost tea alternative to mineral fertilization on geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L)","authors":"A. Dapour, Gehan Ahamed, A. Elsayed","doi":"10.5455/faa.145458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.145458","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, organic fertilizers such as biochar and compost tea have gained a huge interest in sustainable agricultural systems. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 seasons to study the effect of biochar (BC) as soil applications, compost tea (CT) as foliar applications, and their combination on the growth, yield, and essential oil composition of P. graveolens. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. Three biochar rates (0, 5, and 10 t ha-1) and four compost tea concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 %) were assigned randomly in plots. Plants were harvested twice; i.e., on 1st May and 30th September, and the following data were recorded for each cut: plant height, leaf area index, fresh herbage yield, oil %, oil yield, and chemical constituents of essential oil. Results indicated that P. graveolens growth parameters and yield components at both cuts were significantly affected by biochar application and foliar application of compost tea, and a significant interaction of these two factors also occurred. All treatments gave significantly the best values of plant height, leaf area index, and fresh herbage yield in addition to essential oil % and oil yield, in comparison with the control treatment. Among treatments, the plants receiving biochar at 10 t ha-1 in combination with compost tea 0.1% could be the best choice. The numerical increase in the abovementioned parameters, in comparison with that of control treatment, reached 115.30, 79.59, 68.85, 66.67 and 181.42 %, in the first cut and 118.66, 80.04, 65.81, 66.67 and 176.35 % in the second cuts for the tested parameters, respectively. Therefore, this treatment was recommended to achieve the highest yield and excellent quality of essential oil under these experimental conditions. Future investigation is required to determine the optimum doses of biochar and compost tea.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78626146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during November 2021 to January 2022 to evaluate the varietal response of mustard to zinc (Zn) and boron (B) fertilization. The experiment comprised two varieties viz., BARI sharisa-14 and Binasharisa-11, and nine doses of Zn & B viz., Zn 0 kg ha-1 B 0 kg ha-1 (control), Zn 2 kg ha-1, Zn 4 kg ha-1, B 2 kg ha-1, B 4 kg ha-1, Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1, Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 4 kg ha-1, Zn 4 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1 and Zn 4 kg ha-1 + B 4 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Binasharisa-11 produced taller plants (115.09 cm), the highest number of branches plant-1 (7.85), 1000-seed weight (3.81 g), seed yield (1.76 t ha-1) and stover yield (4.02 t ha-1) while BARI Sharisa-14 gave the lowest values of all parameters. Application of Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1 produced the highest number of branches plant-1 (8.82), total number of siliqua plant-1 (59.11), 1000-seed weight (4.29 g), seed yield (1.84 t ha-1) and stover yield (4.23 t ha-1) and lowest values were found in control. In case of interaction the highest number of branches plant-1 (9.62), effective siliqua plant-1 (54.08), number of seeds siliqua-1 (31.55), seed yield (t ha-1) and stover yield (4.51 t ha-1) were found in Binasharisa-11 fertilized with Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1 while the lowest values were recorded in BARI Sharisa-14 with control fertilization of Zn & B. Therefore, Binasharisa-11 fertilized with Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1 appears as the promising technique in terms of higher seed yield of mustard. However, further trials can be conducted at different agro-ecological zones of the country to confirm this result.
2021年11月至2022年1月，在孟加拉国农业大学Mymensingh农学田间实验室进行了一项田间试验，以评估芥菜品种对锌(Zn)和硼(B)施肥的反应。实验由两个品种即,巴里sharisa-14 Binasharisa-11,和九个剂量的锌& B即锌0公斤是B 0公斤农业(控制),锌2公斤农业、锌4公斤农业,2公斤是B, B是4公斤,锌2公斤是+ B 2公斤是,锌2公斤4公斤农业农业+ B,锌4公斤农业+ B 2公斤农业和锌4公斤农业+ B是4公斤。实验采用随机完全区组设计，重复3次。Binasharisa-11植株最高(115.09 cm)，分枝数最高(7.85)，千粒重(3.81 g)，种子产量(1.76 t ha-1)和秸秆产量(4.02 t ha-1)，而BARI Sharisa-14的所有参数值最低。锌2 kg ha-1 +硼2 kg ha-1处理的单株数最高(8.82株)，总硅酸株数最高(59.11株)，千粒重最高(4.29 g)，籽粒产量最高(1.84 t ha-1)，秸秆产量最低(4.23 t ha-1)。在互作情况下，以Zn 2 kg ha-1 + b2 2 kg ha-1处理的Binasharisa-11的分枝数最高(9.62)，有效硅数最高(54.08)，种子数最高(31.55)，种子产量最高(t hm -1)，秸秆产量最低(4.51 t hm -1)，而以Zn + B对照处理的BARI Sharisa-14的产量最低。以锌2kg ha-1 +硼2kg ha-1为氮肥，是提高芥菜籽粒产量的较好技术。然而，可以在该国不同的农业生态区进行进一步的试验来证实这一结果。
{"title":"Maximizing yield of mustard through zinc and boron fertilization","authors":"J. Shivanand, M. Anwar, Rashid Harun, Paul Kumar","doi":"10.5455/faa.156450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.156450","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during November 2021 to January 2022 to evaluate the varietal response of mustard to zinc (Zn) and boron (B) fertilization. The experiment comprised two varieties viz., BARI sharisa-14 and Binasharisa-11, and nine doses of Zn & B viz., Zn 0 kg ha-1 B 0 kg ha-1 (control), Zn 2 kg ha-1, Zn 4 kg ha-1, B 2 kg ha-1, B 4 kg ha-1, Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1, Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 4 kg ha-1, Zn 4 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1 and Zn 4 kg ha-1 + B 4 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Binasharisa-11 produced taller plants (115.09 cm), the highest number of branches plant-1 (7.85), 1000-seed weight (3.81 g), seed yield (1.76 t ha-1) and stover yield (4.02 t ha-1) while BARI Sharisa-14 gave the lowest values of all parameters. Application of Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1 produced the highest number of branches plant-1 (8.82), total number of siliqua plant-1 (59.11), 1000-seed weight (4.29 g), seed yield (1.84 t ha-1) and stover yield (4.23 t ha-1) and lowest values were found in control. In case of interaction the highest number of branches plant-1 (9.62), effective siliqua plant-1 (54.08), number of seeds siliqua-1 (31.55), seed yield (t ha-1) and stover yield (4.51 t ha-1) were found in Binasharisa-11 fertilized with Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1 while the lowest values were recorded in BARI Sharisa-14 with control fertilization of Zn & B. Therefore, Binasharisa-11 fertilized with Zn 2 kg ha-1 + B 2 kg ha-1 appears as the promising technique in terms of higher seed yield of mustard. However, further trials can be conducted at different agro-ecological zones of the country to confirm this result.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79761782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cannabis sativus L. is an annual, deciduous, dimorphic, flowering plant that is distributed all over the world. Despite its tremendous and handy usage in medicinal and other areas, the cultivation, production, and trade of cannabis are illegal in most of the countries. It is so because of some of its harmful side effects on human health when consumed haphazardly or addictively. Following the declaration made by the UN Assembly, some countries, including the Republic of South Africa, Canada, Germany, Australia, Colombia, and Indonesia, have legalized the indoor cultivation and production of cannabis, as well as cannabis-based products. Cannabis can thrive in a wide range of climatic and ecological conditions. Cannabis can be propagated via seeds, cuttings, grafting, micropropagation, etc. The plants are mainly cultivated for their chemical constituents like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, cannabinol, etc., which are extracted from their dried flowers. This study illustrates the production technology, current legal status, and botanical characteristics of Cannabis sativus.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of the production technology of Cannabis sativa L. with its current legal status and botanical features","authors":"Shubhada Yadav, N. Ghimire, Vivek Lahutiya","doi":"10.5455/faa.144546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.144546","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis sativus L. is an annual, deciduous, dimorphic, flowering plant that is distributed all over the world. Despite its tremendous and handy usage in medicinal and other areas, the cultivation, production, and trade of cannabis are illegal in most of the countries. It is so because of some of its harmful side effects on human health when consumed haphazardly or addictively. Following the declaration made by the UN Assembly, some countries, including the Republic of South Africa, Canada, Germany, Australia, Colombia, and Indonesia, have legalized the indoor cultivation and production of cannabis, as well as cannabis-based products. Cannabis can thrive in a wide range of climatic and ecological conditions. Cannabis can be propagated via seeds, cuttings, grafting, micropropagation, etc. The plants are mainly cultivated for their chemical constituents like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, cannabinol, etc., which are extracted from their dried flowers. This study illustrates the production technology, current legal status, and botanical characteristics of Cannabis sativus.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78152064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shreeya Adhikari, S. Sah, Sasmita Gautam, Dikshya Subedi, Shambhu Katel
A field experiment on LCC-based N management was carried out at Rajapur, Bardiya during the spring season of 2021 to determine the growth and productivity of spring rice varieties. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The treatment consisted of four varieties (Chaite-5, Hardinath-1, Hardinath 1-F1, and Hardinath-3) in horizontal plots and five levels of LCC-based N management practices (Pure LCC, 25% N (basal) + LCC, Recommended dose of fertilizer in three splits, Farmer’s dose, and no nitrogen) in vertical plots. The results showed that Pure LCC-based nitrogen management produced the highest grain yield (6.24 t ha-1) followed by 25% N basal +LCC (5.77 t ha-1). LCC-based treatments produced a significantly higher yield than recommended dose applied in three splits. The higher yield in pure LCC was because of higher yield attributes like effective tillers m-2, higher thousand-grain weight, lower sterility percentage, longer panicle length, and higher panicle weight. Hardinath-3 and Hardinath 1-F1 with pure LCC produced significantly higher yields than other treatment combinations. The spring rice varieties Hardinath 1-F1 and Hardinath-3 were high yielders than Hardinath-1 and Chaite-5. The higher yield of Hardinath-3 was due to higher number of effective tillers m-2, longer panicle length, and higher panicle weight. Similarly, the higher yield of Hardinath1-F1 was mainly due to higher thousand-grain weight and higher number of effective tillers m-2 as compared to other varieties except for Hardinath-3. The varieties Hardinath 1-F1 and Hardinath-3 with pure LCC-based N management were high-yielders in Bardiya-like climatic conditions.
为确定春稻品种的生长和生产力，于2021年春季在巴迪亚省拉贾布尔进行了基于lcc的氮素管理田间试验。试验采用条形小区设计，3个重复。在水平区采用柴特5号、哈迪纳特1号、哈迪纳特1-F1号和哈迪纳特3号4个品种，在垂直区采用5个低碳氮肥管理水平(纯低碳、25%氮(基础)+低碳、三次推荐施量、农民施量和不施氮)。结果表明，以纯LCC为基础的氮肥处理籽粒产量最高(6.24 t ha-1)，其次为25%基施+LCC (5.77 t ha-1)。以lcc为基础的治疗产生的产率明显高于三次应用的推荐剂量。纯LCC的高产是由于有效分蘖数m-2高、千粒重高、不育率低、穗长长、穗重高等产量性状的提高。纯LCC处理的hardath 3和hardath 1-F1产量显著高于其他处理组合。春稻品种hardath 1-F1和hardath 3的产量高于hardath 1和chae -5。哈迪纳斯-3的高产是由于有效分蘖数m-2较多、穗长和穗重较长所致。除hardath3外，hardath1 - f1的高产主要是由于其千粒重和有效分蘖数(m-2)高于其他品种。在类似巴地亚气候条件下，纯lcc氮管理的品种hardath 1-F1和hardath 3是高产品种。
{"title":"Leaf color chart based Nitrogen Management in spring Rice","authors":"Shreeya Adhikari, S. Sah, Sasmita Gautam, Dikshya Subedi, Shambhu Katel","doi":"10.5455/faa.99074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.99074","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment on LCC-based N management was carried out at Rajapur, Bardiya during the spring season of 2021 to determine the growth and productivity of spring rice varieties. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The treatment consisted of four varieties (Chaite-5, Hardinath-1, Hardinath 1-F1, and Hardinath-3) in horizontal plots and five levels of LCC-based N management practices (Pure LCC, 25% N (basal) + LCC, Recommended dose of fertilizer in three splits, Farmer’s dose, and no nitrogen) in vertical plots. The results showed that Pure LCC-based nitrogen management produced the highest grain yield (6.24 t ha-1) followed by 25% N basal +LCC (5.77 t ha-1). LCC-based treatments produced a significantly higher yield than recommended dose applied in three splits. The higher yield in pure LCC was because of higher yield attributes like effective tillers m-2, higher thousand-grain weight, lower sterility percentage, longer panicle length, and higher panicle weight. Hardinath-3 and Hardinath 1-F1 with pure LCC produced significantly higher yields than other treatment combinations. The spring rice varieties Hardinath 1-F1 and Hardinath-3 were high yielders than Hardinath-1 and Chaite-5. The higher yield of Hardinath-3 was due to higher number of effective tillers m-2, longer panicle length, and higher panicle weight. Similarly, the higher yield of Hardinath1-F1 was mainly due to higher thousand-grain weight and higher number of effective tillers m-2 as compared to other varieties except for Hardinath-3. The varieties Hardinath 1-F1 and Hardinath-3 with pure LCC-based N management were high-yielders in Bardiya-like climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82690119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seed priming with nanocompounds can potentially enhance seed germina- tion and tolerance to environmental stress. The study examined the effects of drought stress induced by PEG-6000 at various levels (0, −0.3, −0.6, and −0.9 MPa) and seed priming with different nano-compounds (zinc oxide, titanium oxide, or silicon) on the germination, growth, and biochemical and physio- logical characteristics of stevia. The results showed that drought stress had a negative impact on most seed germination and growth parameters, while seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles had the highest positive impact. Different seed priming treatments produced varying outcomes. Drought stress and seed priming also significantly affected total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and b, and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and peroxi- dase). Under severe drought stress, all the three seed priming combinations significantly increased total chlorophyll content. Increasing the concentra- tion of PEG-6000 in the seedling growth medium increased catalase activity. Non-primed seeds and seeds primed with zinc oxide under severe drought stress had the highest peroxidase enzyme activity. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations among the measured traits. Lastly, the stepwise regression analysis identified catalase and peroxidase activities as the most influential traits related to stevia seed germination percentage. Seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles can enhance stevia seed germina- tion and growth, particularly under drought stress, by adjusting antioxidant enzyme activity and increasing photosynthetic pigment content. Moreover, as a practical outcome, the utilization of priming can serve as an applicable approach in the production of seedlings for this plant.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of seed priming by nanomaterials on stevia germination and biochemical attributes under drought stress","authors":"Mahla Safaeipour, Mohsen Kalat, Mehdi Shahverdi","doi":"10.5455/faa.160768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.160768","url":null,"abstract":"Seed priming with nanocompounds can potentially enhance seed germina- tion and tolerance to environmental stress. The study examined the effects of drought stress induced by PEG-6000 at various levels (0, −0.3, −0.6, and −0.9 MPa) and seed priming with different nano-compounds (zinc oxide, titanium oxide, or silicon) on the germination, growth, and biochemical and physio- logical characteristics of stevia. The results showed that drought stress had a negative impact on most seed germination and growth parameters, while seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles had the highest positive impact. Different seed priming treatments produced varying outcomes. Drought stress and seed priming also significantly affected total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and b, and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and peroxi- dase). Under severe drought stress, all the three seed priming combinations significantly increased total chlorophyll content. Increasing the concentra- tion of PEG-6000 in the seedling growth medium increased catalase activity. Non-primed seeds and seeds primed with zinc oxide under severe drought stress had the highest peroxidase enzyme activity. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations among the measured traits. Lastly, the stepwise regression analysis identified catalase and peroxidase activities as the most influential traits related to stevia seed germination percentage. Seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles can enhance stevia seed germina- tion and growth, particularly under drought stress, by adjusting antioxidant enzyme activity and increasing photosynthetic pigment content. Moreover, as a practical outcome, the utilization of priming can serve as an applicable approach in the production of seedlings for this plant.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poultry manure has excellent potential to reduce overdependence on inorganic fertilizers for crop production among resource-constrained farming communities. However, its use on a large scale could possess short- and long-term risks. These risks fall into three main categories, namely human and other livestock, crop health, and environmental. This review research presented the potential value of chicken manure in soil health and food security stability. The review also presented the critical risks, such as pathogen transmission, heavy metal accumulation, and nutrient runoff, that are likely to hinder the large-scale use of poultry manure. Finally, this research has intensively presented scientifically proven strategies that could be adapted and adopted to help mitigate the current risks. Active government involvement through formulating and enacting appropriate policies and laws provides the first step in risk mitigation. Other practices, such as manure treatment and the adoption of better agronomic practices, are essential and have proved to be critical for the safe use of poultry manure. Poultry manure has excellent potential to reduce overdependence on inorganic fertilizers. To do this effectively, appropriate policies and laws should be enacted to encourage the use of safe products in the poultry sector, proper manure collection, and treatment and use. Farmers should choose and apply manure within the best agronomic principles.
{"title":"Use of poultry manure as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer: A review of potential human and environmental health risks","authors":"Hillary Otieno, Edna Mageto","doi":"10.5455/faa.144232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.144232","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry manure has excellent potential to reduce overdependence on inorganic fertilizers for crop production among resource-constrained farming communities. However, its use on a large scale could possess short- and long-term risks. These risks fall into three main categories, namely human and other livestock, crop health, and environmental. This review research presented the potential value of chicken manure in soil health and food security stability. The review also presented the critical risks, such as pathogen transmission, heavy metal accumulation, and nutrient runoff, that are likely to hinder the large-scale use of poultry manure. Finally, this research has intensively presented scientifically proven strategies that could be adapted and adopted to help mitigate the current risks. Active government involvement through formulating and enacting appropriate policies and laws provides the first step in risk mitigation. Other practices, such as manure treatment and the adoption of better agronomic practices, are essential and have proved to be critical for the safe use of poultry manure. Poultry manure has excellent potential to reduce overdependence on inorganic fertilizers. To do this effectively, appropriate policies and laws should be enacted to encourage the use of safe products in the poultry sector, proper manure collection, and treatment and use. Farmers should choose and apply manure within the best agronomic principles.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"486 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As per 4Rs nutrient stewardship, the right timing and right rate of nitrogen (N) are two important attentions for profitable and sustainable crop production, particularly in the N deficient soil. The effectiveness of N utilization depends on the appropriate timing and amount of N application as per the crop demands at the critical stages of crop growth. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh during the winter season of 2019-20 to investigate into the effect of schedule and rates of N application on wheat growth, yield and profitability. The experimental treatments comprised three application schedules (66% at sowing and 34% at the 3-leaf stage; 50% at 3-leaf, 30% at jointing and 20% at the booting stage; 50% at 6-leaf stage, 30% at jointing and 20% at the booting stage) and three nitrogen rates (120, 92 and 80 kg ha-1) with three replications. The yield attributes and yield of wheat were substantially affected by the schedule and rates of N application yet growth parameters were not significant. The highest grain yield, total dry matter, grains spike-1 and 1000-seed weight were achieved from the application of N @ 50% at 3-leaf, 30% at jointing and 20% at booting stages with 120 kg ha-1. Statistically similar results were also attained by the same application schedule with a reduced rat2.e of N (92 kg ha-1) due to proper distribution based on the crop requirement on different growth stages rather than the usual practice with a higher rate of N. The maximum net return (BDT 50687) and benefit-cost ratio (1.62) were found in the application of 92 kg ha-1 N in three splits @ 50% at 3-leaf, 30% at jointing and 20% at booting stages. The findings of this study revealed that the right application schedule reduces 25% N requirement and increases the grain yield of wheat.
在4Rs养分管理中，适当的施氮时机和施氮速率是作物可持续生产的两个重要因素，特别是在缺氮土壤中。氮素利用的有效性取决于在作物生长的关键阶段，根据作物的需求选择适当的施氮时间和施氮量。本试验于2019-20冬季在孟加拉国库尔纳大学农业技术学科试验田进行，旨在研究施氮时间表和施氮量对小麦生长、产量和盈利能力的影响。试验处理包括三个施肥期(播种期66%，三叶期34%);三叶50%，拔节期30%，孕穗期20%;6叶期50%，拔节期30%，孕穗期20%)，3个重复施氮量分别为120、92和80 kg hm -1。施氮方式和施氮量对小麦产量性状和产量有显著影响，但对生长参数影响不显著。以120 kg hm -1施氮，三叶期施氮50%，拔节期施氮30%，孕穗期施氮20%，籽粒产量、总干物质、穗数-1和千粒重最高。采用相同的应用程序，在降低比率的情况下，也获得了统计上相似的结果2。在不同生育期根据作物需要量合理分配氮肥(92 kg hm -1)，而不是通常采用较高施氮量的做法。在三叶50%、拔节30%和孕穗期20%的条件下，施用92 kg hm -1氮肥可获得最大净收益(BDT 50687)和效益成本比(1.62)。结果表明，适当的施氮量可降低25%的氮素需用量，提高小麦产量。
{"title":"Optimizing rate and time of nitrogen application for reducing nitrogen requirement and increasing productivity of wheat","authors":"A. Shaikh, M. Khatun, M. Ali, B. Sarker","doi":"10.5455/faa.115359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.115359","url":null,"abstract":"As per 4Rs nutrient stewardship, the right timing and right rate of nitrogen (N) are two important attentions for profitable and sustainable crop production, particularly in the N deficient soil. The effectiveness of N utilization depends on the appropriate timing and amount of N application as per the crop demands at the critical stages of crop growth. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh during the winter season of 2019-20 to investigate into the effect of schedule and rates of N application on wheat growth, yield and profitability. The experimental treatments comprised three application schedules (66% at sowing and 34% at the 3-leaf stage; 50% at 3-leaf, 30% at jointing and 20% at the booting stage; 50% at 6-leaf stage, 30% at jointing and 20% at the booting stage) and three nitrogen rates (120, 92 and 80 kg ha-1) with three replications. The yield attributes and yield of wheat were substantially affected by the schedule and rates of N application yet growth parameters were not significant. The highest grain yield, total dry matter, grains spike-1 and 1000-seed weight were achieved from the application of N @ 50% at 3-leaf, 30% at jointing and 20% at booting stages with 120 kg ha-1. Statistically similar results were also attained by the same application schedule with a reduced rat2.e of N (92 kg ha-1) due to proper distribution based on the crop requirement on different growth stages rather than the usual practice with a higher rate of N. The maximum net return (BDT 50687) and benefit-cost ratio (1.62) were found in the application of 92 kg ha-1 N in three splits @ 50% at 3-leaf, 30% at jointing and 20% at booting stages. The findings of this study revealed that the right application schedule reduces 25% N requirement and increases the grain yield of wheat.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86995412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Rabiul Islam, Md Israt Jahan, P. Anwar, Mominul Islam
{"title":"Comparative performance of puddled and zero till non-puddled transplant boro rice under different weed management practices","authors":"Md Rabiul Islam, Md Israt Jahan, P. Anwar, Mominul Islam","doi":"10.5455/faa.160109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.160109","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73861883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Paudel, K. Pandey, S. Dhungana, Yagyaraj Joshi, Anju Mahato
Mulching helps preserve soil fertility by preventing moisture loss, maintaining soil temperature, limiting weed growth, promoting microbial growth, and minimizing soil erosion. An experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of plastic mulching and control conditions (as main factors) on yield attributes of five potato varieties, namely Khumal Seto-1, Desiree, Cardinal, Kufri-Jyoti, and C-88 (as sub-factors), in Dailekh, Nepal during. A Split-plot design was employed comprising altogether ten treatments with three replications each. R-Studio software was used to analyze the data and attribute the responses to growth and yield parameters. The Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to differentiate the treatment means at 5% level of significance. Mulching treatment was found to be significantly more effective than no mulch for all the vegetative growth attributes. Compared to no mulch, the use of plastic mulch produced the greatest plant height (38.66 cm) at 75 DAS, highest number of marketable tubers (11.64), and the total number of tubers per hill (13.04), marketable tuber yield (3.93 kg/m2), and a significantly higher total tuber yield of 25.48 t/ha. Similarly, total tuber yield was found to be highest for Khumal Seto-1 (25.32 t/ha) and least for Kufri-Jyoti (22.38 t/ha). The benefit-cost analysis was found to be significant for the mulch condition and Khumal Seto-1, with promising ratios of 3.28 and 3.48, respectively. Thus, Khumal Seto-1 under plastic mulching may be used for better productivity of potatoes in Dailekh, and moreover, other readily available and accessible mulch options, including organic mulch-materials, can be utilized.
覆盖通过防止水分流失、保持土壤温度、限制杂草生长、促进微生物生长和减少土壤侵蚀来帮助保持土壤肥力。在尼泊尔的Dailekh地区进行了一项试验研究，评估了覆膜和控制条件(作为主因子)对Khumal Seto-1、Desiree、Cardinal、kuri - jyoti和C-88 5个马铃薯品种(作为子因子)产量属性的影响。采用裂区设计，共10个处理，每个处理3个重复。利用R-Studio软件对数据进行分析，并将响应归因于生长和产量参数。采用Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT)在5%显著性水平上区分治疗手段。发现覆盖处理比不覆盖处理对所有营养生长属性都明显更有效。与无地膜覆盖相比，地膜覆盖在75 DAS时株高最高(38.66 cm)，可售块茎数最高(11.64)，每山块茎总数最高(13.04)，可售块茎产量最高(3.93 kg/m2)，总块茎产量显著高于无地膜覆盖，达到25.48 t/ha。同样，Khumal Seto-1的块茎总产量最高(25.32 t/公顷)，kuri - jyoti最低(22.38 t/公顷)。覆盖条件和Khumal Seto-1的效益成本分析显著，前景比分别为3.28和3.48。因此，可以使用塑料覆盖下的Khumal Seto-1来提高Dailekh马铃薯的生产力，此外，还可以利用其他现成和容易获得的覆盖选择，包括有机覆盖材料。
{"title":"PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT POTATO VARIETIES UNDER PLASTIC MULCHING CONDITIONS AT DAILEKH, NEPAL","authors":"A. Paudel, K. Pandey, S. Dhungana, Yagyaraj Joshi, Anju Mahato","doi":"10.5455/faa.103662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.103662","url":null,"abstract":"Mulching helps preserve soil fertility by preventing moisture loss, maintaining soil temperature, limiting weed growth, promoting microbial growth, and minimizing soil erosion. An experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of plastic mulching and control conditions (as main factors) on yield attributes of five potato varieties, namely Khumal Seto-1, Desiree, Cardinal, Kufri-Jyoti, and C-88 (as sub-factors), in Dailekh, Nepal during. A Split-plot design was employed comprising altogether ten treatments with three replications each. R-Studio software was used to analyze the data and attribute the responses to growth and yield parameters. The Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to differentiate the treatment means at 5% level of significance. Mulching treatment was found to be significantly more effective than no mulch for all the vegetative growth attributes. Compared to no mulch, the use of plastic mulch produced the greatest plant height (38.66 cm) at 75 DAS, highest number of marketable tubers (11.64), and the total number of tubers per hill (13.04), marketable tuber yield (3.93 kg/m2), and a significantly higher total tuber yield of 25.48 t/ha. Similarly, total tuber yield was found to be highest for Khumal Seto-1 (25.32 t/ha) and least for Kufri-Jyoti (22.38 t/ha). The benefit-cost analysis was found to be significant for the mulch condition and Khumal Seto-1, with promising ratios of 3.28 and 3.48, respectively. Thus, Khumal Seto-1 under plastic mulching may be used for better productivity of potatoes in Dailekh, and moreover, other readily available and accessible mulch options, including organic mulch-materials, can be utilized.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78789882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Application of appropriate doses of macro and micronutrients is pre-requisite for maximizing growth and yield of crops. The present study was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October 2022 to February 2023 to assess the effects of different doses of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) on growth and yield of cabbage. The two-factor experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was nitrogen having four doses of N, such as N0 = 0 kg/ha, N1 = 100 kg/ha, N2 = 150 kg/ha and N3 = 200 kg/ha and the second factor was Zn having four doses, namely Zn0 = 0 kg/ha, Zn1= 1.5 kg/ha, Zn2 = 2.0 kg/ha, Zn3 = 2.5 kg/ha. Significant variations were noted due to the application of different doses of N and Zn fertilizers in respect of all growth and yield traits studied. Application of N at 200 kg/ha contributed the best outcomes on plant height (32.72 cm), number of leaves per plant (47.86), gross yield per hectare (69.99 tons), marketable yield per hectare (45.98 tons) and the lowest yield per hectare (64.52 tons), marketable yield per hectare (38.37 tons) produced from control treatment. The highest level of zinc Zn3 (2.5 kg/ha) produced the best results on plant height (32.30 cm), number of leaves (48.26) per plant, gross yield per hectare (78.02 tons), marketable yield per hectare (61.62 tons) and the lowest gross yield per hectare (59.17 tons), marketable yield per hectare (29.40 tons) produced from control treatment. The maximum doses of nitrogen and zinc (200 kg/ha and 2.5 kg/ha), respectively showed the best performance on plant height (33.32 cm), number of leaves (49.53) per plant, gross yield per hectare (81.15 tons), marketable yield per hectare (65.78 tons) and the lowest gross yield per hectare (55.41 tons) and marketable yield per hectare (27.28 tons) were obtained from the control treatment. The results of this investigation revealed that application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) enhanced the affects the growth and yield of cabbage.
{"title":"Growth and yield performance of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) as influenced by different doses of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers","authors":"Afrin Sultana, Most Nahar, Mst Siddika, Md Karim","doi":"10.5455/faa.167230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.167230","url":null,"abstract":"Application of appropriate doses of macro and micronutrients is pre-requisite for maximizing growth and yield of crops. The present study was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October 2022 to February 2023 to assess the effects of different doses of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) on growth and yield of cabbage. The two-factor experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was nitrogen having four doses of N, such as N0 = 0 kg/ha, N1 = 100 kg/ha, N2 = 150 kg/ha and N3 = 200 kg/ha and the second factor was Zn having four doses, namely Zn0 = 0 kg/ha, Zn1= 1.5 kg/ha, Zn2 = 2.0 kg/ha, Zn3 = 2.5 kg/ha. Significant variations were noted due to the application of different doses of N and Zn fertilizers in respect of all growth and yield traits studied. Application of N at 200 kg/ha contributed the best outcomes on plant height (32.72 cm), number of leaves per plant (47.86), gross yield per hectare (69.99 tons), marketable yield per hectare (45.98 tons) and the lowest yield per hectare (64.52 tons), marketable yield per hectare (38.37 tons) produced from control treatment. The highest level of zinc Zn3 (2.5 kg/ha) produced the best results on plant height (32.30 cm), number of leaves (48.26) per plant, gross yield per hectare (78.02 tons), marketable yield per hectare (61.62 tons) and the lowest gross yield per hectare (59.17 tons), marketable yield per hectare (29.40 tons) produced from control treatment. The maximum doses of nitrogen and zinc (200 kg/ha and 2.5 kg/ha), respectively showed the best performance on plant height (33.32 cm), number of leaves (49.53) per plant, gross yield per hectare (81.15 tons), marketable yield per hectare (65.78 tons) and the lowest gross yield per hectare (55.41 tons) and marketable yield per hectare (27.28 tons) were obtained from the control treatment. The results of this investigation revealed that application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) enhanced the affects the growth and yield of cabbage.","PeriodicalId":53074,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Agriculture","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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