Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101235
Maxwell Goldman, Eric Krall, Michell Marufu, Melinda L. Jue, Santiago Tzintzun, Jonathan Kai Wagner, Shaffiq Jaffer, Amitava Sarkar, Maximilian Fleischer, Elfriede Simon, Andrew A. Wong, Sarah E. Baker
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) is an attractive route for mitigating global CO2 emissions while producing value-added chemicals. Ethylene is one product of eCO2R and is an essential industrial precursor with a global market of $230 billion. The large-scale implementation of C2H4-selective CO2 electrolyzers remains challenging because of low energy efficiencies. In this work, we develop the design principles necessary for incorporating an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) electrode into a zero-gap electrolyzer while simultaneously developing an integrated electrical front contact that reduces the ohmic resistances inherent to electrically insulating gas diffusion layers. By co-designing the catalyst layer, gas diffusion medium, and operating conditions for a zero-gap ePTFE gas diffusion electrode (GDE), we achieved a full-cell voltage of 2.5 V at 200 mA cm−2 at 25 cm2 geometric area cell with Faradaic efficiencies of 48% for ethylene and 40% for ethanol. This work highlights strategies for developing a scalable, stable, and highly energy-efficient eCO2R for C2 products.
电化学二氧化碳还原（eCO2R）是一种有吸引力的途径，可以在生产增值化学品的同时减少全球二氧化碳排放。乙烯是eCO2R的一种产品，是一种重要的工业前体，全球市场规模为2300亿美元。由于能源效率低，c2h4选择性CO2电解槽的大规模实施仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们开发了将膨胀聚四氟乙烯（ePTFE）电极整合到零间隙电解槽中所需的设计原则，同时开发了集成电前接触，以降低电绝缘气体扩散层固有的欧姆电阻。通过共同设计催化剂层、气体扩散介质和零间隙ePTFE气体扩散电极（GDE）的操作条件，我们实现了在200 mA cm - 2、25 cm2几何面积下2.5 V的全电池电压，乙烯的法拉第效率为48%，乙醇的法拉第效率为40%。这项工作强调了为C2产品开发可扩展、稳定和高能效的eCO2R的策略。
{"title":"Integration of hydrophobic gas diffusion layers for zero-gap electrolyzers to enable highly energy-efficient CO2 electrolysis to C2 products","authors":"Maxwell Goldman, Eric Krall, Michell Marufu, Melinda L. Jue, Santiago Tzintzun, Jonathan Kai Wagner, Shaffiq Jaffer, Amitava Sarkar, Maximilian Fleischer, Elfriede Simon, Andrew A. Wong, Sarah E. Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101235","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (eCO2R) is an attractive route for mitigating global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions while producing value-added chemicals. Ethylene is one product of eCO2R and is an essential industrial precursor with a global market of $230 billion. The large-scale implementation of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-selective CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyzers remains challenging because of low energy efficiencies. In this work, we develop the design principles necessary for incorporating an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) electrode into a zero-gap electrolyzer while simultaneously developing an integrated electrical front contact that reduces the ohmic resistances inherent to electrically insulating gas diffusion layers. By co-designing the catalyst layer, gas diffusion medium, and operating conditions for a zero-gap ePTFE gas diffusion electrode (GDE), we achieved a full-cell voltage of 2.5 V at 200 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at 25 cm<sup>2</sup> geometric area cell with Faradaic efficiencies of 48% for ethylene and 40% for ethanol. This work highlights strategies for developing a scalable, stable, and highly energy-efficient eCO2R for C<sub>2</sub> products.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101236
Young-Woong Suh, Chae-Ho Shin
In a recent issue of Nature Catalysis, Li et al. demonstrate the potential of fluorite ZrO2 that can exclusively dehydrate formic acid into carbon monoxide via both thermocatalytic and photothermal ways, highlighting the design of saturated coordinated surface oxygens of metal-oxide catalysts to accelerate the dehydration of formic acid.
{"title":"Beyond thermocatalysis for the production of ultrahigh-purity CO from HCOOH decomposition","authors":"Young-Woong Suh, Chae-Ho Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101236","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent issue of <em>Nature Catalysis</em>, Li et al. demonstrate the potential of fluorite ZrO<sub>2</sub> that can exclusively dehydrate formic acid into carbon monoxide via both thermocatalytic and photothermal ways, highlighting the design of saturated coordinated surface oxygens of metal-oxide catalysts to accelerate the dehydration of formic acid.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"75 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101241
Chaoran Jiang, Feng He, Lijun Zhang, Guoqing Wang, Lichen Liu
In this Activity article, Prof. Lichen Liu (associate professor at Tsinghua University) and Prof. Guoqing Wang (chief research fellow of the SINOPEC group at the SINOPEC [Beijing] Research Institute of Chemical Industry) exchange views from industrial and academic perspectives on the trends in ethylene production in the chemical industry and the current challenges in developing advanced oxide- and zeolite-based catalysts for ethylene production through catalytic cracking. Furthermore, they give perspectives on the alternative processes for ethylene production and the promising directions in catalyst design and process engineering.
{"title":"Trends in industrial ethylene production: Innovation in process and catalyst design","authors":"Chaoran Jiang, Feng He, Lijun Zhang, Guoqing Wang, Lichen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101241","url":null,"abstract":"In this Activity article, Prof. Lichen Liu (associate professor at Tsinghua University) and Prof. Guoqing Wang (chief research fellow of the SINOPEC group at the SINOPEC [Beijing] Research Institute of Chemical Industry) exchange views from industrial and academic perspectives on the trends in ethylene production in the chemical industry and the current challenges in developing advanced oxide- and zeolite-based catalysts for ethylene production through catalytic cracking. Furthermore, they give perspectives on the alternative processes for ethylene production and the promising directions in catalyst design and process engineering.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrocatalytic urea synthesis by the co-reduction of CO2 and nitrogen sources under mild conditions offers an attractive alternative to the conventional protocol. However, the quantification of urea poses significant challenges because of low yields and diverse byproducts, thereby raising concerns regarding the reliability of catalyst performance. This study systematically assesses the commonly used methods (urease, diacetyl monoxime, and 1H-NMR) in real electrochemical systems and identifies their potential limitations. We then propose an advanced analytical platform that uses ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to quantify urea in electrolytes. This method exhibits high sensitivity, even at ultralow urea concentrations of 0.01 μg mL−1, without compromising accuracy in the presence of byproducts. Its reliability is validated through a series of experimental cases, eliminating the occurrence of false positives. These findings contribute to establishing a benchmark for quantifying urea in electrosynthesis, facilitating the development of efficient electrocatalysts.
{"title":"Reliable and accessible methods for urea quantification in co-reduction of carbon-dioxide- and nitrogen-containing species","authors":"Yan Zhang, Gefei Huang, Haichuan Zhang, Xiaoyi Qiu, Guimei Liu, Yinuo Wang, Juhee Jang, Yian Wang, Zidong Wei, Zongwei Cai, Minhua Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101234","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalytic urea synthesis by the co-reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen sources under mild conditions offers an attractive alternative to the conventional protocol. However, the quantification of urea poses significant challenges because of low yields and diverse byproducts, thereby raising concerns regarding the reliability of catalyst performance. This study systematically assesses the commonly used methods (urease, diacetyl monoxime, and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR) in real electrochemical systems and identifies their potential limitations. We then propose an advanced analytical platform that uses ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to quantify urea in electrolytes. This method exhibits high sensitivity, even at ultralow urea concentrations of 0.01 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, without compromising accuracy in the presence of byproducts. Its reliability is validated through a series of experimental cases, eliminating the occurrence of false positives. These findings contribute to establishing a benchmark for quantifying urea in electrosynthesis, facilitating the development of efficient electrocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101256
Mark J. Ford, Ian J.S. Fairlamb
In this Activity article, Mark Ford (Distinguished Bayer Science Fellow at Bayer AG, Crop Science Division) and Ian Fairlamb (professor at the University of York) discuss aspects of Pd cross-coupling chemistry as an invaluable tool for the technically viable sustainable syntheses of crop-protection products. Optimizing such reactions requires a level of understanding that moves well beyond empirical experimentation. Partnerships between academia and industry provide the perfect environment for ensuring that industrially relevant goals are coupled with the deep mechanistic insights needed for meeting the ever-increasing challenges provided by modern crop-protection products.
{"title":"An agrochemical perspective on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry","authors":"Mark J. Ford, Ian J.S. Fairlamb","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101256","url":null,"abstract":"In this Activity article, Mark Ford (Distinguished Bayer Science Fellow at Bayer AG, Crop Science Division) and Ian Fairlamb (professor at the University of York) discuss aspects of Pd cross-coupling chemistry as an invaluable tool for the technically viable sustainable syntheses of crop-protection products. Optimizing such reactions requires a level of understanding that moves well beyond empirical experimentation. Partnerships between academia and industry provide the perfect environment for ensuring that industrially relevant goals are coupled with the deep mechanistic insights needed for meeting the ever-increasing challenges provided by modern crop-protection products.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101231
Haobo Li
Metal-support catalysts are a cornerstone of and arguably the most widely used type in heterogeneous catalysis. In a recent issue of Science, Li and coworkers, with the assistance of advanced AI technology, developed a general theory of metal-support interaction principles, offering valuable insights to guide the design of supported metal catalysts.
{"title":"AI unveils metal-support interaction principle to optimize catalyst design","authors":"Haobo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101231","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-support catalysts are a cornerstone of and arguably the most widely used type in heterogeneous catalysis. In a recent issue of <em>Science</em>, Li and coworkers, with the assistance of advanced AI technology, developed a general theory of metal-support interaction principles, offering valuable insights to guide the design of supported metal catalysts.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101242
Mengyao Sun, Yanjun Chen, Zhen Zhao
In this issue of Nature Catalysis, Yuan et al. designed a Cu–Rh antenna-reactor photocatalyst and achieved highly efficient and green steam reforming of methane (SMR). The plasmon-mediated hot carriers were confirmed to hold the abilities that induce intrinsically stable photocatalytic SMR and regenerate the photocatalysts deactivated in thermocatalysis.
{"title":"Antenna-reactor plasmonic photocatalyst for efficient steam reforming of methane","authors":"Mengyao Sun, Yanjun Chen, Zhen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101242","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue of <em>Nature Catalysis</em>, Yuan et al. designed a Cu–Rh antenna-reactor photocatalyst and achieved highly efficient and green steam reforming of methane (SMR). The plasmon-mediated hot carriers were confirmed to hold the abilities that induce intrinsically stable photocatalytic SMR and regenerate the photocatalysts deactivated in thermocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101240
Feng He, Chaoran Jiang, Lijun Zhang, Guoqing Wang, Lichen Liu
In this Activity article, Prof. Guoqing Wang (chief research fellow of the SINOPEC group at the SINOPEC [Beijing] Research Institute of Chemical Industry) and Prof. Lichen Liu (associate professor at Tsinghua University) exchange views from industrial and academic perspectives on the current status of the ethylene value chain and discuss the emerging trends in the downstream markets. Furthermore, they give perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in designing efficient catalysts for the downstream processes for converting ethylene into value-added chemicals and materials.
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges in the ethylene value chain","authors":"Feng He, Chaoran Jiang, Lijun Zhang, Guoqing Wang, Lichen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101240","url":null,"abstract":"In this Activity article, Prof. Guoqing Wang (chief research fellow of the SINOPEC group at the SINOPEC [Beijing] Research Institute of Chemical Industry) and Prof. Lichen Liu (associate professor at Tsinghua University) exchange views from industrial and academic perspectives on the current status of the ethylene value chain and discuss the emerging trends in the downstream markets. Furthermore, they give perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in designing efficient catalysts for the downstream processes for converting ethylene into value-added chemicals and materials.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101255
Ian J.S. Fairlamb, Mark J. Ford
Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings have revolutionized chemical synthesis. Realizing a world that can make any organic molecular structure will undoubtedly require Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling as a tool to enable this high-brow vision. Here, Ian Fairlamb (professor at the University of York) and Mark Ford (Distinguished Bayer Science Fellow at Bayer AG, Crop Science Division) make the case for embracing and deciphering the complexity associated with these reactions, particularly in understanding Pd catalyst speciation more holistically. There is a need for better models and predictive tools for connecting Pd catalyst speciation events with the generation of multiple products so that the complexity can be better understood and discovery outcomes enhanced.
{"title":"Why deciphering complexity in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions matters","authors":"Ian J.S. Fairlamb, Mark J. Ford","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101255","url":null,"abstract":"Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings have revolutionized chemical synthesis. Realizing a world that can make any organic molecular structure will undoubtedly require Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling as a tool to enable this high-brow vision. Here, Ian Fairlamb (professor at the University of York) and Mark Ford (Distinguished Bayer Science Fellow at Bayer AG, Crop Science Division) make the case for embracing and deciphering the complexity associated with these reactions, particularly in understanding Pd catalyst speciation more holistically. There is a need for better models and predictive tools for connecting Pd catalyst speciation events with the generation of multiple products so that the complexity can be better understood and discovery outcomes enhanced.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of Z-scheme photocatalyst sheets is a promising approach to efficient renewable hydrogen production via sunlight-driven water splitting using immobilized particulate photocatalysts. However, most existing systems are not scalable because of the use of costly vacuum and harmful calcination processes and conductors that are unstable and prone to back reactions. Here, we show that carbon-based electron conductors, incorporated by a facile filtration process, can overcome these problems. Z-scheme photocatalyst sheets consisting of cocatalyst-loaded Sm2Ti2O5S2 and BiVO4 (which serve as a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst and an oxygen evolution photocatalyst, respectively, under visible light), bridged with carbon-based electron conductors, provide a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 0.4%, despite the simplicity of fabrication and operation, and can evolve hydrogen and oxygen under photoexcitation at atmospheric pressure. This study provides a practical approach to realizing commercial-scale solar hydrogen production via Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting.
{"title":"Carbon-conductor-based photocatalyst sheets fabricated by a facile filtration process for efficient, stable, and scalable water splitting","authors":"Chen Gu, Yugo Miseki, Hiroshi Nishiyama, Tsuyoshi Takata, Joji Yoshimura, Yiwen Ma, Lihua Lin, Takashi Hisatomi, Daling Lu, Nobuyuki Zettsu, Yuta Nishina, Kazunari Domen","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2024.101233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2024.101233","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Z-scheme photocatalyst sheets is a promising approach to efficient renewable hydrogen production via sunlight-driven water splitting using immobilized particulate photocatalysts. However, most existing systems are not scalable because of the use of costly vacuum and harmful calcination processes and conductors that are unstable and prone to back reactions. Here, we show that carbon-based electron conductors, incorporated by a facile filtration process, can overcome these problems. Z-scheme photocatalyst sheets consisting of cocatalyst-loaded Sm<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>S<sub>2</sub> and BiVO<sub>4</sub> (which serve as a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst and an oxygen evolution photocatalyst, respectively, under visible light), bridged with carbon-based electron conductors, provide a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 0.4%, despite the simplicity of fabrication and operation, and can evolve hydrogen and oxygen under photoexcitation at atmospheric pressure. This study provides a practical approach to realizing commercial-scale solar hydrogen production via Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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