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Truth and Perspectives 真相与观点
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10040
Thorben Alles
This paper proposes a theoretical means of dealing with different perspectives on truth that cannot be resolved into a unified single perspective. Through the development of a dialectical understanding of truth, knowledge and justification, the three can be differentiated into a multitude of interrelations. The focus of this development will be on understanding truth via its relationship to knowledge. Both truth and knowledge will thereby be conceived of as dynamic and revisable. Truth could then be regarded as an accordance of knowledge, which provides the possibility of relating different perspectives on truth via the relationship of their contents of knowledge and their procedures of justification. These relativisations should not give rise to relativism or skepticism but build upon existing structures of reasoning and justification.
本文提出了一种理论方法来处理不同的真理观点,这些观点不能统一成一个单一的观点。通过发展对真理、知识和辩护的辩证理解,这三者可以被区分为众多的相互关系。这一发展的重点将是通过真理与知识的关系来理解真理。因此,真理和知识都将被认为是动态的和可修正的。这样,真理就可以被看作是一种知识的一致性,这就提供了通过不同的知识内容和证明程序之间的关系来联系不同的真理观点的可能性。这些相对关系不应该产生相对主义或怀疑主义,而是建立在现有的推理和证明结构之上。
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引用次数: 0
The Public Sphere of Democracy and the Wisdom Tradition 民主的公共领域与智慧传统
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10041
P. Peterson
The essay addresses contemporary trends in modern democracy, especially focusing on the transformation of the public sphere. It seeks to answer the following question: how can we strengthen ideologically diverse spaces of public discourse today in light of the social trends toward homophily and echo chambers? Specifically, it addresses the way in which modern political discourse has been transformed by social media and broader social and economic trends. Furthermore, it raises questions about the future challenges of discourse ethics and ideal conceptions of overlapping consensus in our contemporary context of pluralism. The role of the media in this broad public sphere is also addressed. An ideal-type conception of the wisdom tradition, one which can strengthen the channels of communication, is offered as a response to these trends. It is a pattern of thought capable of embracing the ambiguity.
这篇文章论述了现代民主的当代趋势,尤其关注公共领域的转型。它试图回答以下问题:鉴于同质性和回音室的社会趋势,我们如何在今天加强意识形态多样化的公共话语空间?具体来说,它解决了现代政治话语被社交媒体和更广泛的社会和经济趋势所改变的方式。此外,它还提出了关于话语伦理和重叠共识的理想概念在我们当代多元主义背景下的未来挑战的问题。还讨论了媒体在这个广泛的公共领域中的作用。作为对这些趋势的回应,提出了一种可以加强沟通渠道的智慧传统的理想型概念。这是一种能够接受模糊性的思维模式。
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引用次数: 0
Wahrheit – Lüge – Wahrhaftigkeit
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10042
H. Rosenau
This article deals with Bonhoeffer’s ethics as an example for a so-called Christian utilitarianism. Within this framework, which is a consequence of a specific Christian understanding of reality and of a specific view on human existence, we can face ambiguities of life including moral ambivalences of truth and lies depending on different concrete situations. One of the main theological preconditions for doing so is the trust in God’s reconciliation of our God-less world in Christ. This conviction leads us to overtake moral responsibility including risks of becoming guilty in a tension between doubts and truthfulness.
本文以朋霍费尔的伦理学为例,探讨所谓的基督教功利主义。在这个框架内,这是基督教对现实的特定理解和对人类存在的特定观点的结果,我们可以面对生活的模糊性,包括根据不同的具体情况对真理和谎言的道德矛盾。这样做的一个主要神学前提是相信神在基督里与我们这个无神的世界和好。这种信念使我们超越道德责任,包括在怀疑和真实之间的紧张关系中成为有罪的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Theologische ‚Wahrheit‘ im Prozess der Modernisierung 现代化进程中的神学‚真理”
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10037
Folkart Wittekind
The essay compares August Dorner’s and Wilhelm Herrmann’s usage of the concept of truth. Truth is connected to individuality and collective consciousness. Describing the differences in terms of theological history leads to the question which function the respective usage fulfils and how the perception of theology changes accordingly. Wilhelm Hermann’s theology is thus characterized as an attempt to use the concept of truth to advance a constitutive-reflexive modernization of theology.
本文比较了奥古斯特·多尔纳和威廉·赫尔曼对真理概念的使用。真理与个性和集体意识有关。描述神学历史上的差异导致了这样一个问题,即各自的用法履行了哪些功能,以及对神学的看法如何相应变化。因此,威廉·赫尔曼的神学被认为是试图用真理的概念来推进神学的建构-反思性现代化。
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引用次数: 0
Lies, Bullshit, or Propaganda? 谎言,胡扯,还是宣传?
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10031
M. Breul
The notion of ‘Post-truth Politics’ and of the ‘Post-Factual’ are notoriously blurry. In this article, I distinguish the concepts of lies, bullshit, and propaganda. I argue that the post-factual displays elements of all three concepts, so that it can be either understood to be in continuity with using lies and bullshit as means of political discourse; or to discontinue the basic commitments of democracy by attacking the epistemic foundations. In a second step, I argue that the common orientation towards the ideal of public reason cannot be abandoned at will, so that any Post-truth Politics is bound to fail in the end. I defend a concept of deliberative democracy which has a robust understanding of the rationality of democratic deliberation. At the same time, I argue against the assumption that the solution to ‘post-factualism’ is a return to a fictitious ‘Age of Facts’ since there are not facts without interpretation.
众所周知,“后真相政治”和“后事实”的概念是模糊的。在这篇文章中,我区分了谎言、胡扯和宣传的概念。我认为后事实表现了所有三个概念的要素,因此它可以被理解为使用谎言和废话作为政治话语手段的连续性;或者通过攻击认识论基础来终止民主的基本承诺。第二步,我认为不能随意放弃公共理性理想的共同取向,因此任何后真相政治最终都注定失败。我为协商民主的概念辩护这个概念对民主协商的合理性有着强有力的理解。与此同时,我反对“后事实主义”的解决方案是回到虚构的“事实时代”的假设,因为没有没有解释的事实。
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引用次数: 0
Discussing Truth, Modes of Deception and the Illusion of the Obvious 讨论真相,欺骗的方式和显而易见的幻觉
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10043
Cornelia Richter
The introduction of the editor explains research context and research objectives of the topic, highlights the most important insights and demonstrates relations among the contributions collected in the volume. The papers, written by young and senior researchers, on the one hand, discuss aspects of truth and various modes of deception like insincerity, whitewashing, or bullshit, all of which set forth destructing forces and eroding democratic processes. On the other hand, the papers address phenomena of dissolving and eroding the reliability of collective efforts to maintain truth and sanctions on deception, especially when they are linked to dangerous reductionist movements and hermetic subgroups which systematically prevent the efforts of peacebuilding measures and make anti-democratic movements settle to an extent that endangers cohesion and collective identity within Europe.
编辑的介绍解释了研究背景和主题的研究目标,突出了最重要的见解,并展示了卷中收集的贡献之间的关系。这些由年轻和资深研究人员撰写的论文,一方面讨论了真相的各个方面,以及各种欺骗模式,如不真诚、粉饰或胡扯,所有这些都阐述了破坏性力量和侵蚀民主进程。另一方面,这些论文讨论了解散和侵蚀维护真理和制裁欺骗的集体努力的可靠性的现象,特别是当它们与危险的还原主义运动和封闭的子团体联系在一起时,这些运动系统地阻止了建设和平措施的努力,并使反民主运动安定到危及欧洲内部的凝聚力和集体认同的程度。
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引用次数: 0
God is Unconscious. Of an Other Enjoyment. Psychoanalytical Attempt at an Atheistic Mysticism 上帝是无意识的。另一种享受。对无神论神秘主义的精神分析尝试
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10036
Georg Gröller
The aim of this essay is to elaborate structural epistemological and ethical equivalences between mysticism and psychoanalysis. This allows us to make the central concerns of mysticism accessible to contemporary secular thought. The article is driven by two intentions: on the one hand, not to misunderstand mysticism as a moral enterprise of self-perfection, and on the other hand, to oppose the contemporary “guiding culture” of enjoyment with an ethics of desire.
本文的目的是阐述神秘主义和精神分析之间的结构认识论和伦理等同。这使我们能够使神秘主义的核心问题接近当代世俗思想。这篇文章有两个目的:一方面,不要把神秘主义误解为一种自我完善的道德事业,另一方面,以欲望伦理反对当代享乐的“指导文化”。
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引用次数: 0
The God of Thieves 盗贼之神
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10039
Martina Grassi
In this philosophical essay, I intend to understand hermeneutics as a philosophical tradition that favors the idea of exchange and impropriety over the ideas of ownership and identity. To this end, I will explore the mythological figure of Hermes, the Greek god that was the patron of merchants, travelers, translators, and also of thieves. Attending to the idea of robbery, and opposing the notion of use against the one of ownership, I argue that a philosophy that focus on interpretation and on texts leads to acknowledge that there is nothing proper to anything nor anyone, but that propriety is but the outcome of a negotiation, of an exchange, of mutual dis-appropriations.
在这篇哲学论文中,我打算将解释学理解为一种哲学传统,它倾向于交换和不当行为的观念,而不是所有权和身份的观念。为此,我将探讨神话人物赫尔墨斯,他是希腊的商人、旅行者、翻译和小偷的守护神。关注抢劫的概念,反对使用与所有权的概念,我认为,专注于解释和文本的哲学会导致承认没有任何东西适合于任何事物或任何人,但适当只是谈判,交换,相互剥夺的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Umbanda: Hybridity, Tradition and Semantic Plurality 本班达:混杂性、传统与语义多元性
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10033
S. Engler
Focusing on the Brazilian spirit-incorporation religion of Umbanda, this article proposes a theoretical shift in conceptions of hybridity: a move from asking “what ingredients mix in what manner to produce what result?” to asking “how do we interpret religious innovation?” This approach sees meaning as simply the result of interpretation (not in terms of a representational relation between words and world). It also underlines the centrality of discursive claims of hybridity and purity, as opposed to historical issues of origins – a point clarified by comparing “hybridity” to “tradition.” Comparison of Umbanda and Candomblé leads to the conclusion that each can be considered both “Afro-Brazilian” and “hybrid” in different ways. Candomblé exhibits semantic polarity (all groups accept that a certain sub-type is more authentic and hybridity marks divergence from that norm). Umbanda exhibits semantic plurality (wide variation between groups is not subject to such a normative judgment).
本文聚焦于巴西的umanda精神融合宗教,提出了混合概念的理论转变:从问“什么成分以什么方式混合产生什么结果?”变成了“我们如何解读宗教创新?”这种方法认为意义仅仅是解释的结果(而不是单词和世界之间的表征关系)。它还强调了杂交性和纯洁性的话语主张的中心地位,而不是起源的历史问题——通过比较“杂交性”和“传统”来澄清这一点。对umanda和candomblaise的比较得出的结论是,两者都可以以不同的方式被视为“非裔巴西人”和“混血儿”。candombl表现出语义极性(所有群体都接受某一子类型更真实,而杂交标志着与该规范的背离)。umanda表现出语义多元性(群体之间的广泛差异不受这种规范性判断的影响)。
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引用次数: 0
La Virgen de Regla: a Material Approach to Lived Religious Transformation in Latin America 雷格拉的处女:拉丁美洲活生生的宗教转变的物质途径
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.30965/23642807-bja10034
Amy Whitehead
Statues of the Virgin Mary have been embarking on various types of movement and migration for centuries. They are the fixed points around which religious activities are carried out in communities in Spain and Latin America and play significant roles in the personal and social lives of their devotees. Until recently, however, scholarship has largely overlooked the potential richness of what religious material cultures can tell us about religious transformation in Latin America. This paper therefore offers a theoretical and methodological advance by way of a ground-up, ‘material’ approach to understanding religious change through the religious statues themselves. It utilises the statue of the Virgen de la Regla in Chipiona, Spain as a node on a map from which to trace the lines of movement from Spain into Cuba where a replica of the same Virgin, another nodal point, is worshipped as both Virgin Mary and Santeria Orisha Yamaya.
几个世纪以来,圣母玛利亚的雕像一直在进行各种形式的移动和迁移。它们是西班牙和拉丁美洲社区开展宗教活动的定点,在信徒的个人和社会生活中发挥着重要作用。然而,直到最近,学术界在很大程度上忽视了宗教物质文化对拉丁美洲宗教转型的潜在丰富性。因此,本文提供了一种理论和方法上的进步,通过一种自下而上的“物质”方法,通过宗教雕像本身来理解宗教变化。它利用西班牙奇皮奥纳的圣母雕像作为地图上的一个节点,从这个节点可以追踪从西班牙到古巴的运动路线。在古巴,另一个节点,同样是圣母的复制品,被崇拜为圣母玛利亚和圣特里亚·奥丽莎·亚玛亚。
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Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society
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