Almost all the recent studies addressing road safety from the approach of human factors agree that stress is one of the most considerable (but underestimated) threats for safe driving. However, evidence on the relationship between stressful life events and driver performance remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess life stress-related perceptions of Spanish drivers, as well as exploring their relationships with self-reported driving performance, decision-making and other road safety-related issues. Methods: This cross-sectional research analysed the information gathered from a nationwide sample of n=840 Spanish drivers responding to an electronic survey on psychosocial issues, stress-related factors and driving issues. The results show that a high percentage (75%) consider that stress may impair their driving performance, while 76.9% of drivers report having experienced at least one major stressful life event during the last year. Despite this relatively high awareness of the negative role of stress and its associated factors for driving safety, this study found that drivers tend to ‘ignore the alarm signals’, as they often reported keeping driving, even when noticing their driving fitness and performance might be impaired by stress-related factors. This study highlights the need to create and apply interventions aimed at informing and training drivers to identify, manage and cope with stress from different spheres, including stressful life events, as a means of potentially improving their driving safety habits and outcomes.
{"title":"Silent, unsafe… and underestimated? Exploring the relationships between life stress and safety issues among Spanish drivers","authors":"Francisco Alonso, M. Faus, Sergio A. Useche","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00056","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all the recent studies addressing road safety from the approach of human factors agree that stress is one of the most considerable (but underestimated) threats for safe driving. However, evidence on the relationship between stressful life events and driver performance remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess life stress-related perceptions of Spanish drivers, as well as exploring their relationships with self-reported driving performance, decision-making and other road safety-related issues. Methods: This cross-sectional research analysed the information gathered from a nationwide sample of n=840 Spanish drivers responding to an electronic survey on psychosocial issues, stress-related factors and driving issues. The results show that a high percentage (75%) consider that stress may impair their driving performance, while 76.9% of drivers report having experienced at least one major stressful life event during the last year. Despite this relatively high awareness of the negative role of stress and its associated factors for driving safety, this study found that drivers tend to ‘ignore the alarm signals’, as they often reported keeping driving, even when noticing their driving fitness and performance might be impaired by stress-related factors. This study highlights the need to create and apply interventions aimed at informing and training drivers to identify, manage and cope with stress from different spheres, including stressful life events, as a means of potentially improving their driving safety habits and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46192032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road safety has been receiving increasing global attention, for example: the inclusion of road safety in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adoption of resolution 74/299 “Improving global road safety”; Stockholm Declaration (2020) reflecting the recommendations of the Academic Expert Group of the 3rd Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety. Recognising that the target to reduce road deaths and serious injuries by 50% was not met in the First Decade of Action for Road Safety (Decade of Action) 2011–2020, the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development made a pledge in September 2019 to make the new decade one of action and delivery. On 28 October 2021, the Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021–2030 (the Global Plan) was launched to guide Member States in the implementation of key actions to improve road safety with the target to reduce road traffic deaths and injuries by at least 50% by 2030 (WHO & UN Regional Commissions, 2021). The Global Plan calls on governmental agencies as the primary responsibility holder in delivering a safe road transport system and implementing the required road safety actions to achieve the global target of 50% reduction in deaths and injuries by 2030. The Global Plan also calls on other actors — nongovernment organisations (NGOs), academia, youth, funders, private sector and UN agencies — as important contributors. NGOs are groups organised independently from governments at a local, national or international level to serve a certain cause such as road safety. NGOs exist to drive actions and bring improvements on a societal issue, and, in the field of road safety, NGOs drive road safety actions to protect people from being killed or seriously injured in our ubiquitous use of the road transport system. The Global Alliance of NGOs for Road Safety (the Alliance) is a member-based organization for NGOs working for road safety around the world and currently represents 288 NGO members in 98 countries. The Alliance was founded in 2011 by NGO members of the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) with a mission to unite, empower and strengthen civil society to stimulate collaborative advocacy, action and accountability for road safety. The Alliance achieves this by providing services to its members in three key areas: networking and sharing, advocacy and accountability, and capacity development. The aim of this paper is to articulate the NGO response to the calls made in the Global Plan by analysing the current road safety context and what NGOs contribute to the 50% reduction target by 2030. The paper employs relevant literature and results of an online survey conducted by the Alliance to substantiate the analyses herein. This online survey was conducted 14 January – 3 February 2021 to collect NGO perspectives of the first Decade of Action in anticipation of the launch
{"title":"New Deal in Road Safety: Why we need NGOs","authors":"L. Brøndum, C. Sakashita, Liz Man, Valéria Motta","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00070","url":null,"abstract":"Road safety has been receiving increasing global attention, for example: the inclusion of road safety in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adoption of resolution 74/299 “Improving global road safety”; Stockholm Declaration (2020) reflecting the recommendations of the Academic Expert Group of the 3rd Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety. Recognising that the target to reduce road deaths and serious injuries by 50% was not met in the First Decade of Action for Road Safety (Decade of Action) 2011–2020, the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development made a pledge in September 2019 to make the new decade one of action and delivery. On 28 October 2021, the Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021–2030 (the Global Plan) was launched to guide Member States in the implementation of key actions to improve road safety with the target to reduce road traffic deaths and injuries by at least 50% by 2030 (WHO & UN Regional Commissions, 2021). The Global Plan calls on governmental agencies as the primary responsibility holder in delivering a safe road transport system and implementing the required road safety actions to achieve the global target of 50% reduction in deaths and injuries by 2030. The Global Plan also calls on other actors — nongovernment organisations (NGOs), academia, youth, funders, private sector and UN agencies — as important contributors. NGOs are groups organised independently from governments at a local, national or international level to serve a certain cause such as road safety. NGOs exist to drive actions and bring improvements on a societal issue, and, in the field of road safety, NGOs drive road safety actions to protect people from being killed or seriously injured in our ubiquitous use of the road transport system. The Global Alliance of NGOs for Road Safety (the Alliance) is a member-based organization for NGOs working for road safety around the world and currently represents 288 NGO members in 98 countries. The Alliance was founded in 2011 by NGO members of the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) with a mission to unite, empower and strengthen civil society to stimulate collaborative advocacy, action and accountability for road safety. The Alliance achieves this by providing services to its members in three key areas: networking and sharing, advocacy and accountability, and capacity development. The aim of this paper is to articulate the NGO response to the calls made in the Global Plan by analysing the current road safety context and what NGOs contribute to the 50% reduction target by 2030. The paper employs relevant literature and results of an online survey conducted by the Alliance to substantiate the analyses herein. This online survey was conducted 14 January – 3 February 2021 to collect NGO perspectives of the first Decade of Action in anticipation of the launch ","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46306764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ranjbar, A. T. Kashani, M. Besharati, M. Bondarabadi, H. Zakeri, S. Hosseinizadeh, Gregory Chambers, L. Mooren, R. Shuey
Speed management is one of the main dimensions of the Safe System Approach for reducing both the risk of crash involvement as well as injury severity. This study proposes a practical framework for setting safer speed limits on duplicated rural highways that has been applied to six pilot corridors (total carriageway length of approximately 1,250 km) in Iran. The safer speed limits determined from the proposed framework have been compared with the currently posted speed limits using several indicators and showed a considerable reduction in the total number of changes in speed limits while having very limited impact on reducing the mean travel speed and increase travel time along the study corridors. The study of the pilot corridors establishes that a clear approach and documented guidelines for setting speed limits provides a basis for quantifying engineering judgments about road hazards and determining more consistent speed limit values for similar conditions across Iran’s rural highway network, legitimising speed limit reductions aimed at saving
{"title":"Adopting a Safe System Approach to Determine Safer Speed Limits: A Case Study from Iran","authors":"M. Ranjbar, A. T. Kashani, M. Besharati, M. Bondarabadi, H. Zakeri, S. Hosseinizadeh, Gregory Chambers, L. Mooren, R. Shuey","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00045","url":null,"abstract":"Speed management is one of the main dimensions of the Safe System Approach for reducing both the risk of crash involvement as well as injury severity. This study proposes a practical framework for setting safer speed limits on duplicated rural highways that has been applied to six pilot corridors (total carriageway length of approximately 1,250 km) in Iran. The safer speed limits determined from the proposed framework have been compared with the currently posted speed limits using several indicators and showed a considerable reduction in the total number of changes in speed limits while having very limited impact on reducing the mean travel speed and increase travel time along the study corridors. The study of the pilot corridors establishes that a clear approach and documented guidelines for setting speed limits provides a basis for quantifying engineering judgments about road hazards and determining more consistent speed limit values for similar conditions across Iran’s rural highway network, legitimising speed limit reductions aimed at saving","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47597710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the development and implementation of the M7 to M2 pre-congestion speed limit management trial conducted on workdays between 26th June 2018 and 31st December 2018. This trial was the first of its kind in NSW and was implemented using a live loop reporting system utilising key trigger values (specific loop metrics) to identify the opportune time to reduce speed limits prior to flow breakdown. Through measuring the rate at which speeds dropped during flow breakdown, the heatmap footprint of congestion, and the instance of congestion related crashes it was established the trial was able to have a calming effect on traffic flow and reduce the overall footprint of congestion.
{"title":"M7 to M2 Pre-congestion Speed Management","authors":"T. Clark, Sam Gray","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the development and implementation of the M7 to M2 pre-congestion speed limit management trial conducted on workdays between 26th June 2018 and 31st December 2018. This trial was the first of its kind in NSW and was implemented using a live loop reporting system utilising key trigger values (specific loop metrics) to identify the opportune time to reduce speed limits prior to flow breakdown. Through measuring the rate at which speeds dropped during flow breakdown, the heatmap footprint of congestion, and the instance of congestion related crashes it was established the trial was able to have a calming effect on traffic flow and reduce the overall footprint of congestion.","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48764619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lori Moren, R. Shuey, G. Chambers, M. Ranjbar, C. Hamelmann, Hormos Zakeri, S. Hosseinizadeh
The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Iran) has embarked on a challenging project aiming to demonstrate how to make road travel safer through speed management measures based on Safe System Approach (SSA) and Result Based Management (RBM). This follows from mounting concern in curbing a high death rate from motor vehicle crashes in recent years. However, despite the Government’s commitment to address this problem, there have been setbacks owing to the challenges of putting in place a strong collaborative framework involving all the agencies charged with responsibilities for road engineering, traffic law enforcement and public education. Iran has established a National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) to lead and coordinate actions. In implementing a demonstration project, specific partnership arrangements have been established at national and provincial levels, as well as pillar-based project teams in 3 provinces. This paper examines the governance structure and opportunities to strengthen the collaborative management of the project and how similar programs can be established and executed in other countries to improve road safety based on SSA and RBM.
{"title":"Governance and Effective Management: Speed Management Demonstration Project, in the Islamic Republic of Iran","authors":"Lori Moren, R. Shuey, G. Chambers, M. Ranjbar, C. Hamelmann, Hormos Zakeri, S. Hosseinizadeh","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00038","url":null,"abstract":"The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Iran) has embarked on a challenging project aiming to demonstrate how to make road travel safer through speed management measures based on Safe System Approach (SSA) and Result Based Management (RBM). This follows from mounting concern in curbing a high death rate from motor vehicle crashes in recent years. However, despite the Government’s commitment to address this problem, there have been setbacks owing to the challenges of putting in place a strong collaborative framework involving all the agencies charged with responsibilities for road engineering, traffic law enforcement and public education. Iran has established a National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) to lead and coordinate actions. In implementing a demonstration project, specific partnership arrangements have been established at national and provincial levels, as well as pillar-based project teams in 3 provinces. This paper examines the governance structure and opportunities to strengthen the collaborative management of the project and how similar programs can be established and executed in other countries to improve road safety based on SSA and RBM.","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46099781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite global, regional, and national efforts in reducing the number of road crashes, the number of fatalities from these crashes is increasing globally as well as in Asia. The Asia-Pacific region currently accounts for 60% of global road fatalities. There are wide variations in the number of road fatalities among the regions, subregions, and countries. Within Asia, the South and South-West Asia subregion has the highest fatality rate of 20.3 fatalities per 100,000 population followed by South-East Asia with a fatality rate of 17.8 per 100,000 population. This paper reviews and analyses the road safety situation and implementation of road safety policies and practices in Asian countries. Identified are distinct risk factors that demand priority consideration. Some of the actions suggested for improving road safety in Asia are: Ensuring the availability of accurate road safety data, addressing the challenges of Vulnerable Road Users and powered two-wheelers, changing behaviors of road users and long haul drivers, ensuring safety features in trunk routes, improving infrastructure and facilities for non-motorised and public transport in cities, prioritising safety in rural and remote areas, empowering road safety institutions with accountability, focusing on low-cost solutions, and advocacy and education.
{"title":"What does it Take to Improve Road Safety in Asia?","authors":"Madan B. Regmi","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00040","url":null,"abstract":"Despite global, regional, and national efforts in reducing the number of road crashes, the number of fatalities from these crashes is increasing globally as well as in Asia. The Asia-Pacific region currently accounts for 60% of global road fatalities. There are wide variations in the number of road fatalities among the regions, subregions, and countries. Within Asia, the South and South-West Asia subregion has the highest fatality rate of 20.3 fatalities per 100,000 population followed by South-East Asia with a fatality rate of 17.8 per 100,000 population. This paper reviews and analyses the road safety situation and implementation of road safety policies and practices in Asian countries. Identified are distinct risk factors that demand priority consideration. Some of the actions suggested for improving road safety in Asia are: Ensuring the availability of accurate road safety data, addressing the challenges of Vulnerable Road Users and powered two-wheelers, changing behaviors of road users and long haul drivers, ensuring safety features in trunk routes, improving infrastructure and facilities for non-motorised and public transport in cities, prioritising safety in rural and remote areas, empowering road safety institutions with accountability, focusing on low-cost solutions, and advocacy and education.","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Professional road crash investigation, complemented by intelligent analysis and dynamic actions provide the foundation for road safety reform. However, to date, the real potential resulting from police investigative findings have not been fully realised due to the lack of streamlined connectivity from the crash scene to the reform process. Such deficiencies include inadequate investigations, inadequate data management, convoluted processes, system delays, inadequate analysis and limited immediate and mid-term actions which should be generated following thorough and efficient investigations. A review of processes across high, medium and low-income countries has identified a more effective approach to achieving results in road safety reform across all road safety disciplines. The simple AAA framework to ‘Acquire, Analyse and Action’ is presented as a contemporary model to ensure an evidence-based foundation drives road safety reform to identify root cause analysis locally, nationally and globally. This provides structure, discipline and purpose as well as technical skill and competence to achieve practical recommendations as preventative measures for crash reduction. A multi-disciplined expert review team to validate/assess/modify these recommendations in serious crashes ensures constructive countermeasures are prioritised and actioned. This facilitates a paradigm shift in thinking and analysis to achieve a continuous improvement process designed to reduce road trauma and save lives.
{"title":"The AAA Approach to Crash Investigation Reform – The Perspective from Road Policing Practitioners.","authors":"R. Shuey, Des Myers","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00035","url":null,"abstract":"Professional road crash investigation, complemented by intelligent analysis and dynamic actions provide the foundation for road safety reform. However, to date, the real potential resulting from police investigative findings have not been fully realised due to the lack of streamlined connectivity from the crash scene to the reform process. Such deficiencies include inadequate investigations, inadequate data management, convoluted processes, system delays, inadequate analysis and limited immediate and mid-term actions which should be generated following thorough and efficient investigations. A review of processes across high, medium and low-income countries has identified a more effective approach to achieving results in road safety reform across all road safety disciplines. The simple AAA framework to ‘Acquire, Analyse and Action’ is presented as a contemporary model to ensure an evidence-based foundation drives road safety reform to identify root cause analysis locally, nationally and globally. This provides structure, discipline and purpose as well as technical skill and competence to achieve practical recommendations as preventative measures for crash reduction. A multi-disciplined expert review team to validate/assess/modify these recommendations in serious crashes ensures constructive countermeasures are prioritised and actioned. This facilitates a paradigm shift in thinking and analysis to achieve a continuous improvement process designed to reduce road trauma and save lives.","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43980155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guanlong Li, Yueqing Li, Yalong Li, B. Craig, Xing Wu
Driving is the essential means of travel in Southeast Texas, a highly urbanized and populous area that serves as an economic powerhouse of the whole state. However, driving in Southeast Texas is subject to many risks as this region features a typical humid subtropical climate with long hot summers and short mild winters. Local drivers would encounter intense precipitation, heavy fog, strong sunlight, standing water, slick road surface, and even frequent extreme weather such as tropical storms, hurricanes and flood during their year-around travels. Meanwhile, research has revealed that the fatality rate per 100 million vehicle miles driven in urban Texas became considerably higher than national average since 2010, and no conclusive study has elucidated the association between Southeast Texas crash severity and potential contributing factors. This study used multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to examine a group of contributing factors on how their combinatorial influences determine crash severity by creating combination clouds on a factor map. Results revealed numerous significant combinatorial effects. For example, driving in rain and extreme weather on a wet road surface has a higher chance in causing crashes that incur severe or deadly injuries. Besides, other contributing factors involving risky behavioral factors, road designs, and vehicle factors were well discussed. The research outcomes could inspire local traffic administration to take more effective countermeasures to systematically mitigate road crash severity.
{"title":"Investigation of Contributing Factors to Traffic Crash Severity in Southeast Texas Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis","authors":"Guanlong Li, Yueqing Li, Yalong Li, B. Craig, Xing Wu","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00051","url":null,"abstract":"Driving is the essential means of travel in Southeast Texas, a highly urbanized and populous area that serves as an economic powerhouse of the whole state. However, driving in Southeast Texas is subject to many risks as this region features a typical humid subtropical climate with long hot summers and short mild winters. Local drivers would encounter intense precipitation, heavy fog, strong sunlight, standing water, slick road surface, and even frequent extreme weather such as tropical storms, hurricanes and flood during their year-around travels. Meanwhile, research has revealed that the fatality rate per 100 million vehicle miles driven in urban Texas became considerably higher than national average since 2010, and no conclusive study has elucidated the association between Southeast Texas crash severity and potential contributing factors. This study used multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to examine a group of contributing factors on how their combinatorial influences determine crash severity by creating combination clouds on a factor map. Results revealed numerous significant combinatorial effects. For example, driving in rain and extreme weather on a wet road surface has a higher chance in causing crashes that incur severe or deadly injuries. Besides, other contributing factors involving risky behavioral factors, road designs, and vehicle factors were well discussed. The research outcomes could inspire local traffic administration to take more effective countermeasures to systematically mitigate road crash severity.","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46276749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Mulvihill, T. Horberry, M. Fitzharris, B. Lawrence, R. Schnittker, M. Lenné, J. Kuo, Darren Wood
Recent advances in vehicle technology permit the real-time monitoring of driver state to reduce distraction-related crashes, particularly within the heavy vehicle industry. Relatively little published research has evaluated the human machine interface (HMI) design for these systems. However, the efficacy of in-vehicle technology depends in large part on the acceptability among drivers of the system’s interface. Four variations of the HMI of a prototype multi-modal warning system developed by the authors for driver distraction were evaluated in a truck simulator with eight car drivers and six truck drivers. Driver acceptance of the HMIs was assessed using the System Acceptability Scale; and salience, comprehension and perceived effectiveness of components of the HMIs (modality, intensity of warning) were assessed using likert scales. The results showed that participants considered the HMIs to be acceptable and useful, and that the warning components were largely noticed, understood correctly, and perceived to be effective. Although this study identified no major design flaws with the recently developed HMIs, further simulator testing with a larger sample size is recommended to validate the findings. On-road evaluations to assess the impact of the HMIs on real world safety are a necessary pre-requisite for implementation.
{"title":"First-Stage Evaluation of a Prototype Driver Distraction Human-Machine-Interface Warning System","authors":"C. Mulvihill, T. Horberry, M. Fitzharris, B. Lawrence, R. Schnittker, M. Lenné, J. Kuo, Darren Wood","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00049","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in vehicle technology permit the real-time monitoring of driver state to reduce distraction-related crashes, particularly within the heavy vehicle industry. Relatively little published research has evaluated the human machine interface (HMI) design for these systems. However, the efficacy of in-vehicle technology depends in large part on the acceptability among drivers of the system’s interface. Four variations of the HMI of a prototype multi-modal warning system developed by the authors for driver distraction were evaluated in a truck simulator with eight car drivers and six truck drivers. Driver acceptance of the HMIs was assessed using the System Acceptability Scale; and salience, comprehension and perceived effectiveness of components of the HMIs (modality, intensity of warning) were assessed using likert scales. The results showed that participants considered the HMIs to be acceptable and useful, and that the warning components were largely noticed, understood correctly, and perceived to be effective. Although this study identified no major design flaws with the recently developed HMIs, further simulator testing with a larger sample size is recommended to validate the findings. On-road evaluations to assess the impact of the HMIs on real world safety are a necessary pre-requisite for implementation.","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49274979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Mooren, R. Shuey, C. Hamelmann, F. Mehryari, H. Abdous, M. Haddadi, M. Ranjbar, H. Zakeri, S. Hosseinizadeh
The level of road trauma is high in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with the Islamic Republic of Iran having a particularly high fatality rate at 20.5 per 100,000 population. The Government, assisted by the World Health Organisation (WHO), committed to implementing demonstration projects in three provinces that will form the basis of road safety actions to be advanced by the WHO across the Region. In recognition that speed management is a pivotal factor in achieving a safer road and traffic system, and as a component of the project, a review was carried out in 2019 by a team of international experts in the field in collaboration with national consultants. This review was undertaken in consideration of the Safe System Approach and the Results-Based Management Approach. The findings of this review and their implications for future actions in Iran are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Speed Management in Iran: A Review Process","authors":"L. Mooren, R. Shuey, C. Hamelmann, F. Mehryari, H. Abdous, M. Haddadi, M. Ranjbar, H. Zakeri, S. Hosseinizadeh","doi":"10.33492/jrs-d-21-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00011","url":null,"abstract":"The level of road trauma is high in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with the Islamic Republic of Iran having a particularly high fatality rate at 20.5 per 100,000 population. The Government, assisted by the World Health Organisation (WHO), committed to implementing demonstration projects in three provinces that will form the basis of road safety actions to be advanced by the WHO across the Region. In recognition that speed management is a pivotal factor in achieving a safer road and traffic system, and as a component of the project, a review was carried out in 2019 by a team of international experts in the field in collaboration with national consultants. This review was undertaken in consideration of the Safe System Approach and the Results-Based Management Approach. The findings of this review and their implications for future actions in Iran are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":53198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Road Safety-JRS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41919097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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