Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2023.65.16.1.3
K. Kolumbán
Metaphor in political discourse has been described as a device for persuasion and providing legitimacy for political action. Besides these roles, however, Andreas Musolff draws attention to the dialogic potential of metaphors in public discourse when used as variations of universally accepted metaphorical frames applied and tailored in accordance with the specific ideologies, attitudes, and values of the discourse community addressed. Such subcategories, named scenarios, not only convey the target domain in terms more familiar to the audience, but they also invite evaluation and assessment on the part of the audience. In this role, metaphors, and their subcategories, and scenarios, allow expression of alternative viewpoints and particular perspectives within the frame of a public debate. This study proposes to track such reformulations in Hungarian and Romanian political discourse during the migrant crisis in 2015 concerning the CONTAINER metaphor. Conceptualizations of various discourse communities as containers are common in political discourse, circumscribing the ingroup as homogenous and compact, entailing elements like boundaries and possibilities of approach or, on the contrary, keeping away outside elements. In the concrete situation of the migrant crisis, entailments like closing or opening borders or conditions on crossing that border are common features. The corpus is composed of declarations from Romanian President Klaus Iohannis and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán related to events that occurred during the crisis, not only formulating attitudes and positioning toward the migrants but also towards the European Union and its policies regarding the issue. The metaphor scenarios are traceable in these speeches are means of self-presentation, defining the role and the position assumed by the two countries as members of the organization.
{"title":"Defending our borders: Metaphor scenarios in Hungarian and Romanian political discourse on migration","authors":"K. Kolumbán","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2023.65.16.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2023.65.16.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Metaphor in political discourse has been described as a device for persuasion and providing legitimacy for political action. Besides these roles, however, Andreas Musolff draws attention to the dialogic potential of metaphors in public discourse when used as variations of universally accepted metaphorical frames applied and tailored in accordance with the specific ideologies, attitudes, and values of the discourse community addressed. Such subcategories, named scenarios, not only convey the target domain in terms more familiar to the audience, but they also invite evaluation and assessment on the part of the audience. In this role, metaphors, and their subcategories, and scenarios, allow expression of alternative viewpoints and particular perspectives within the frame of a public debate. This study proposes to track such reformulations in Hungarian and Romanian political discourse during the migrant crisis in 2015 concerning the CONTAINER metaphor. Conceptualizations of various discourse communities as containers are common in political discourse, circumscribing the ingroup as homogenous and compact, entailing elements like boundaries and possibilities of approach or, on the contrary, keeping away outside elements. In the concrete situation of the migrant crisis, entailments like closing or opening borders or conditions on crossing that border are common features. The corpus is composed of declarations from Romanian President Klaus Iohannis and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán related to events that occurred during the crisis, not only formulating attitudes and positioning toward the migrants but also towards the European Union and its policies regarding the issue. The metaphor scenarios are traceable in these speeches are means of self-presentation, defining the role and the position assumed by the two countries as members of the organization.","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75402198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2023.65.16.1.5
Alexandru Cornel Selyem
The purpose of this paper is to present how Romanian learners of English process a specific idiom related to color. In order to do this, I carried out an experiment with three groups of students from the school where I teach English as a foreign language. The experiment was just a small fraction of several others which as a whole made my Ph.D. Thesis. My research thesis is concerned with how non-native speakers of English process idioms related to weather, anger, and color. To understand their way of processing figurative language I carried out several experiments for each set of idioms. Each experiment consisted of two distinct parts: during the first part I gave my students the idioms in a context-free version and asked them to offer translations, whereas, during the second part, I gave them the same idioms but in a contextualized instance. I assumed that some of my students would be influenced by their linguistic background, their knowledge of English, and their mother tongue – Romanian. Many of my assumptions proved to be right. However, there were instances when students were able to provide proper translations of some idioms even from the context-free encounter of them. For others, contexts proved valuable instances of vocabulary that actually helped them grasp the figurative meaning. The choice of this specific idiom – black sheep – was taken bearing in mind the existence of a similar idiom in Romanian – oaia neagra. Both in Romanian and English this expression is mainly used with its figurative meaning despite the fact that the literal meaning makes sense as well.
{"title":"What would one do if they were the black sheep?","authors":"Alexandru Cornel Selyem","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2023.65.16.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2023.65.16.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present how Romanian learners of English process a specific idiom related to color. In order to do this, I carried out an experiment with three groups of students from the school where I teach English as a foreign language. The experiment was just a small fraction of several others which as a whole made my Ph.D. Thesis. My research thesis is concerned with how non-native speakers of English process idioms related to weather, anger, and color. To understand their way of processing figurative language I carried out several experiments for each set of idioms. Each experiment consisted of two distinct parts: during the first part I gave my students the idioms in a context-free version and asked them to offer translations, whereas, during the second part, I gave them the same idioms but in a contextualized instance. I assumed that some of my students would be influenced by their linguistic background, their knowledge of English, and their mother tongue – Romanian. Many of my assumptions proved to be right. However, there were instances when students were able to provide proper translations of some idioms even from the context-free encounter of them. For others, contexts proved valuable instances of vocabulary that actually helped them grasp the figurative meaning. The choice of this specific idiom – black sheep – was taken bearing in mind the existence of a similar idiom in Romanian – oaia neagra. Both in Romanian and English this expression is mainly used with its figurative meaning despite the fact that the literal meaning makes sense as well.","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87951189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.6
Emelie K. Peine
This paper discusses the role of the local production of liquor – or hooch – as a means of cultural reproduction and participation in the informal economy within rural areas, and what this has implied for both state control and local resistance. I examine these issues comparatively, looking at the informal production of moonshine in Appalachia, and ţuica in Carpathian Romania. A global comparative lens helps to illuminate the changing nature of state-society relations in the context of rural peripheries and the increasing globalization of local culture and lifeways.
{"title":"Trans-mountain Moonshine: Liquor, Identity, and Resistance in the Appalachian and Carpathian Mountains","authors":"Emelie K. Peine","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the role of the local production of liquor – or hooch – as a means of cultural reproduction and participation in the informal economy within rural areas, and what this has implied for both state control and local resistance. I examine these issues comparatively, looking at the informal production of moonshine in Appalachia, and ţuica in Carpathian Romania. A global comparative lens helps to illuminate the changing nature of state-society relations in the context of rural peripheries and the increasing globalization of \u0000local culture and lifeways.","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88936456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.3
Mountains Christine Small
The medicinal plant industry, and the people of Appalachia, have relied on the rich natural resources of the Appalachian Mountains for centuries, collecting plants for food, medicine, and livelihood. By the 1700s, Appalachia had become a major supplier of medicinal plants and was recognized internationally as a source of American ginseng. Today, the value of these products is substantial, with more than $11 billion in 2020 U.S. sales. There is a growing concern, however, that many medicinal herbs are disappearing. We review current research on wild harvesting, forest cultivation, and efforts to create markets for sustainably-sourced Appalachian medicinal herbs. There is a critical need for ecologically sound management and sustainable economies in Appalachia, to support our natural resources and communities. Keywords:
{"title":"Medicinal forest herbs: conservation and economic development in the Appalachian Mountains","authors":"Mountains Christine Small","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal plant industry, and the people of Appalachia, have relied on the rich natural resources of the Appalachian Mountains for centuries, collecting plants for food, medicine, and livelihood. By the 1700s, Appalachia had become a major supplier of medicinal plants and was recognized internationally as a source of American ginseng. Today, the value of these products is substantial, with more than $11 billion in 2020 U.S. sales. There is a growing concern, however, that many medicinal herbs are disappearing. We review current research on wild harvesting, forest cultivation, and efforts to create markets for sustainably-sourced Appalachian medicinal herbs. There is a critical need for ecologically sound management and sustainable economies in Appalachia, to support our natural resources and communities. Keywords:","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89745937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.5
K. Tomlin
Folk songs of the people of Appalachia reflect how the people who settled in that region experienced life. This large body of musical literature provides a cultural history from which there is a considerable store of songs about conflict. This paper will focus on some of the most influential songs of the coal miners’ rebellion and labor movements of the early twentieth century, and will provide an analysis of the origins of the tunes, as well as discuss the continuing influence of songwriters and singers of the twenty-first century to continue to rouse the people of Appalachia to action to protect themselves from unwanted influence and coercion.
{"title":"The Power of Song to Unite People in Conflict in the Appalachian Mountains","authors":"K. Tomlin","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Folk songs of the people of Appalachia reflect how the people who settled in that region experienced life. This large body of musical literature provides a cultural history from which there is a considerable store of songs about conflict. This paper will focus on some of the \u0000most influential songs of the coal miners’ rebellion and labor movements of the early twentieth century, and will provide an analysis of the origins of the tunes, as well as discuss the continuing influence of songwriters and singers of the twenty-first century to continue to \u0000rouse the people of Appalachia to action to protect themselves from unwanted influence and coercion.","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77685192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.10
E. Satterwhite
This paper makes a case for academicians to promote, support, and participate in nonviolent direct action in our roles as teachers and scholars given the unfolding climate catastrophe and the extent to which academic institutions are complicit in the systems driving ecological breakdown. Drawing from recent experiences resisting fossil fuel infrastructure in Appalachia and the literature on social movements, I argue that specialists in marginalized economies and societies in the Appalachian and Carpathian Mountains are primed to critique dominant narratives about economic growth and state nationalism, to embrace the reputation of mountains as ungovernable, and to leverage international networks for the sake of mass disobedience and mutual aid.
{"title":"The Urgency of Protest","authors":"E. Satterwhite","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"This paper makes a case for academicians to promote, support, and participate in nonviolent direct action in our roles as teachers and scholars given the unfolding climate catastrophe and the extent to which academic institutions are complicit in the systems driving ecological breakdown. Drawing from recent experiences resisting fossil fuel infrastructure in Appalachia and the literature on social movements, I argue that specialists in marginalized economies and societies in the Appalachian and Carpathian Mountains are primed to critique dominant narratives about economic growth and state nationalism, to embrace the reputation of mountains as ungovernable, and to leverage international networks for the sake of mass disobedience and mutual aid.","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79510561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.4
T. Hansell, T. Mckenzie, J. Shepherd‐Powell
The Trash Trout Motion Picture Show is a collaborative creative placemaking project that employs the power of the arts to help protect freshwater ecosystems in the Appalachian Mountains. Filmmaker Tom Hansell, musician Trevor McKenzie, and musician/dancer Julie Shepherd-Powell shares a multimedia performance they developed in collaboration with local civic organizations.
{"title":"The Trash Trout Motion Picture Show","authors":"T. Hansell, T. Mckenzie, J. Shepherd‐Powell","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Trash Trout Motion Picture Show is a collaborative creative placemaking project that employs the power of the arts to help protect freshwater ecosystems in the Appalachian Mountains. Filmmaker Tom Hansell, musician Trevor McKenzie, and musician/dancer Julie \u0000Shepherd-Powell shares a multimedia performance they developed in collaboration with local civic organizations. \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73157752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.9
Theresa L. Burriss
Documenting her unexpected deep connection to Romania, the Appalachian author shares her transformational experiences in this Eastern European country she embarrassingly knew nothing about prior to 2015. A conference call for proposals, co-authored submission on a whim, and subsequent conference acceptance changed her life in profound ways, both professionally and personally. The author’s scholarly dedication to Romania over these brief years led to a 2021 Fulbright Teaching & Research grant. From teaching Appalachian literature at Transilvania University-Brasov to conducting ethnographic research and interviews in the Jiu Valley, Romania’s coalmining region, the author documents the depth of her professional and personal change after that fortuitous flashpoint of the 2015 Appalachian-Carpathian Mountain Conference. Keywords: Appalachia, Carpathian Mountains, Jiu Valley, Fulbright, Coalmining“.
{"title":"Fortuitous Flashpoint: How an Appalachian-Carpathian Mountain Conference Transformed my Life","authors":"Theresa L. Burriss","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Documenting her unexpected deep connection to Romania, the Appalachian author shares her transformational experiences in this Eastern European country she embarrassingly knew nothing about prior to 2015. A conference call for proposals, co-authored submission on a whim, and subsequent conference acceptance changed her life in profound ways, both professionally and personally. The author’s scholarly dedication to Romania over these brief years led to a 2021 Fulbright Teaching & Research grant. From teaching Appalachian literature at Transilvania University-Brasov to conducting ethnographic research and interviews in the Jiu Valley, Romania’s coalmining region, the author documents the depth of her professional and personal change after that fortuitous flashpoint of the 2015 Appalachian-Carpathian Mountain Conference. Keywords: Appalachia, Carpathian Mountains, Jiu Valley, Fulbright, Coalmining“.","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75755873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.1
J. Akeroyd
The rich ecological and cultural heritage of Transylvania has survived despite a once depressed rural economy, a situation markedly improved after Romania’s EU accession in 2007. The last decade has seen accelerated change in the farmed landscape, with agricultural, conservation, and rural development initiatives, a more prosperous society, and growing public awareness of the environment. In the Saxon Villages, as elsewhere, these trends present opportunities and challenges to local people and biodiversity. Positive change in the countryside includes more eco-tourism, guest houses, and traditional food products. Expanding beef rather than dairy cattle herds may present both environmental threats and economic opportunities.
{"title":"Transylvania: Nature and Tradition in Transition","authors":"J. Akeroyd","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The rich ecological and cultural heritage of Transylvania has survived despite a once depressed rural economy, a situation markedly improved after Romania’s EU accession in 2007. The last decade has seen accelerated change in the farmed landscape, with agricultural, conservation, and rural development initiatives, a more prosperous society, and growing public awareness of the environment. In the Saxon Villages, as elsewhere, these trends present opportunities and challenges to local people and biodiversity. Positive change in the countryside includes more eco-tourism, guest houses, and traditional food products. Expanding beef rather than dairy cattle herds may present both environmental threats and economic opportunities.","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91026276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.2
I. Neacşu
Botanical art travels from various historical forms into a contemporary approach that calls for a bold redefinition of its practice. This article aims to introduce the reader to the general context of botanical art production today, and to its core new facets, mirroring environment, education, and new understanding in creative industries. Its relevance lies in its capacity to connect the wide public to general core climate and environmental debates; also botanical art is called to raise awareness on the interconnectivity of higher education sectors that whiteness the dissolution of their (de)limitations by hybrid new age creative approaches.
{"title":"On Contemporary Botanical Art","authors":"I. Neacşu","doi":"10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2022.64.15.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Botanical art travels from various historical forms into a contemporary approach that calls for a bold redefinition of its practice. This article aims to introduce the reader to the general context of botanical art production today, and to its core new facets, mirroring environment, education, and new understanding in creative industries. Its relevance lies in its capacity to connect the wide public to general core climate and environmental debates; also botanical art is called to raise awareness on the interconnectivity of higher education sectors that whiteness the dissolution of their (de)limitations by hybrid new age creative approaches. \u0000","PeriodicalId":53266,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series V Economic Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76301191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：