IF 2.7 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/sports12080202

Robert Trybulski, Jarosław Muracki, Mieszko Podleśny, Andriy Vovkanych, Adrian Kużdżał

This narrative review of kinesiotherapy methods in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy (AT) encompassed a diverse range of studies, including athletes and untrained people, healthy or injured, undergoing kinesiotherapy treatments. Most experimental studies (86%) reported results related to pain perception, 27% to the range of motion, and 27% to biomechanical assessment. However, the studies showed notable heterogeneity in the outcomes associated with the interventions, and, in this review of kinesiotherapy protocols for AT, a prominent observation emerged regarding their efficacy, suggesting a more favorable impact on pain and tendon stiffness management when comparing the measured parameters between the trained and untrained groups. The importance of tailoring the treatment approach based on the individual’s athletic background and conditioning status is underscored. There is a need for personalized rehabilitation strategies in athletic populations. The average duration of kinesiotherapy in the treatment of tendinopathy was 15.3 weeks. This observation underscores the potential of kinesiotherapy interventions as a viable treatment option for individuals with Achilles tendon issues. These findings underscore the urgent need for further research to provide stakeholders with more comprehensive directions for future studies. The results may be helpful for doctors, physiotherapists, trainers, and researchers interested in this topic.

这篇关于跟腱病（AT）运动疗法的叙述性综述涵盖了各种研究，包括接受运动疗法治疗的运动员和未受过训练的健康或受伤者。大多数实验研究（86%）报告了与疼痛感觉相关的结果，27%报告了与运动范围相关的结果，27%报告了与生物力学评估相关的结果。然而，这些研究显示，与干预措施相关的结果存在明显的异质性。在本次对运动疗法治疗 AT 方案的综述中，关于其疗效出现了一个突出的观点，即在比较训练组和未训练组的测量参数时，对疼痛和肌腱僵硬管理的影响更为有利。根据个人的运动背景和身体状况定制治疗方法的重要性得到了强调。运动人群需要个性化的康复策略。肌动疗法治疗肌腱病的平均持续时间为 15.3 周。这一观察结果凸显了运动疗法干预作为跟腱问题患者可行治疗方案的潜力。这些发现强调了进一步研究的迫切性，以便为利益相关者提供更全面的未来研究方向。这些结果可能会对医生、物理治疗师、教练和对此感兴趣的研究人员有所帮助。

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引用次数: 0

Riding the Digital Wave of Exercise, Health, and Sports Training Optimization 引领运动、健康和体育训练优化的数字化浪潮

IF 2.7 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/sports12080203

Rodrigo Zacca, Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro, Rui M. S. Azevedo

The digital era is opening countless possibilities in “Sport Sciences”; “Public, Environmental, and Occupational Health”; and “Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation” areas [...]

数字时代为 "体育科学"、"公共、环境和职业健康 "以及 "理疗、运动疗法和康复 "领域带来了无数的可能性 [...]

引用次数: 0

An Assessment of the Ratio between Upper Body Push and Pull Strength in Female and Male Elite Swedish Track and Field Throwers 瑞典男女田径精英投掷手上肢推拉力量比例评估

IF 2.7 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3390/sports12080201

Jesper Augustsson, Ted Gunhamn, Håkan Andersson

Data on the strength ratio between agonist and antagonist muscles are frequently examined in sports testing, given its correlation with athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the agonist-to-antagonist ratio of upper body strength in female and male elite Swedish track and field throwers using a new push (bench press) and pull (supine bench row) test device, and to determine its reliability. The study involved eight female and nine male athletes, aged 19–29 years, engaging, respectively, in discus, hammer, and shot put competitions at both national and international levels. The athletes’ maximum isometric force was assessed during the bench press (push) and supine bench row (pull) exercises, respectively, using a custom-built test device. The test–retest reliability of the device was also examined. The total push-to-pull strength ratio for the female throwers was 1.15, whereas male throwers demonstrated a ratio of 1.22. Total push and pull force for the female throwers was significantly less than for the male throwers (5511 N vs. 8970 N, p < 0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.93 to 0.96 for the bench press and supine bench row exercise, indicating that the push and pull test device was highly reliable. The main findings of this study were that elite female and male discus, hammer, and shot put throwers exhibited 15% and 22% more pushing (bench press) than pulling (supine bench row) strength. Push and pull strength in the female throwers ranged from 47% to 71% of that of the male throwers. The push and pull test device is a reliable tool in establishing the agonist-to-antagonist ratio of upper body strength of athletes. Coaches and athletes may benefit from examining upper body push and pull strength ratios for training planning and prescription.

由于激动肌和拮抗肌之间的力量比值与运动成绩相关，因此在体育测试中经常对其进行检测。本研究的目的是使用一种新的推力（卧推）和拉力（仰卧划船）测试装置，测定瑞典男女精英田径投掷运动员上肢力量的激动肌和拮抗肌比例，并确定其可靠性。这项研究涉及八名女运动员和九名男运动员，他们的年龄在 19-29 岁之间，分别参加过国内和国际铁饼、锤子和铅球比赛。使用定制的测试装置分别评估了运动员在卧推和仰卧划船练习中的最大等长力。此外，还考察了该装置的测试-再测试可靠性。女性投掷运动员的推拉总力量比为 1.15，而男性投掷运动员的推拉总力量比为 1.22。女性投掷者的总推拉力明显小于男性投掷者（5511 牛顿对 8970 牛顿，p < 0.001）。卧推和仰卧划船运动的类内相关系数为 0.93 至 0.96，表明推拉测试装置的可靠性很高。本研究的主要发现是，女性和男性铁饼、锤子和铅球精英运动员的推力（卧推）比拉力（仰卧卧推）分别高出 15%和 22%。女性投掷运动员的推拉力量是男性投掷运动员的 47% 至 71%。推力和拉力测试装置是确定运动员上肢力量的激动和受动比率的可靠工具。在制定训练计划和处方时，教练员和运动员可从检查上肢推拉力量比率中获益。

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引用次数: 0

The Quality of Life of Former Portuguese Football Players 前葡萄牙足球运动员的生活质量

IF 2.7 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3390/sports12080200

Eduardo Teixeira, Carlos Silva, Félix Romero, João Paulo Costa, António Vicente

Background: The demands of playing professional football can have an impact on an individual’s quality of life (QoL), which may remain into retirement. Given limited evidence exists regarding the QoL in former football players, this study aimed to assess QoL among Portuguese former players according to career duration, career end period, competitive level, tactical-positional status, international status, academic qualifications, serious injuries in career, and current professional football connection. Methods: The study included 84 Portuguese former football players (48.8 ± 8.2 years old) who transitioned to retirement between 1988 and 2018. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess QoL perceptions, and the Portuguese version was validated. Results and Discussion: The former players have positive QoL indicators, both in general and across the four domains, namely in terms of the physical, psychological, and social relationship and environment. There were no statistically significant differences in QoL between the defined categories for career end period, competitive level, tactical-positional status, international status, and current professional football connection. Likewise, there was no significant correlation between QoL and career duration. In contrast, there were significant differences in general QoL (p < 0.023) and in the physical domain (p < 0.001) between former players with different academic qualifications. A significant correlation was found between the number of severe injuries sustained in a career and QoL in the physical domain (R = −0.300, p = 0.006). Conclusions: There are no concerning QoL results presented by former players. However, the number of severe injuries sustained during the career was associated with a lower QoL, while holding higher academic qualifications demonstrated higher general and physical QoL. Studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these trends.

背景：职业足球运动的要求会对个人的生活质量（QoL）产生影响，这种影响可能会持续到退役。鉴于有关退役足球运动员生活质量的证据有限，本研究旨在根据职业生涯持续时间、职业生涯结束时间、竞技水平、战术地位、国际地位、学历、职业生涯中的严重伤病以及目前的职业足球关系，评估葡萄牙退役球员的生活质量。研究方法研究对象包括 84 名葡萄牙前足球运动员（48.8 ± 8.2 岁），他们在 1988 年至 2018 年期间转入退役。采用 WHOQOL-BREF 问卷评估 QoL 感知，并对葡萄牙语版本进行了验证。结果与讨论：退役球员的 QoL 指标在总体上和四个领域（即身体、心理、社会关系和环境）都是积极的。在职业生涯结束时间、竞技水平、战术地位、国际地位和目前的职业足球联系等定义的类别之间，QoL 没有统计学意义上的显著差异。同样，QoL 与职业生涯持续时间之间也没有明显的相关性。相反，不同学历的退役球员在一般 QoL（p < 0.023）和身体素质（p < 0.001）方面存在显著差异。在职业生涯中严重受伤的次数与身体方面的 QoL 之间存在明显的相关性（R = -0.300，p = 0.006）。结论退役球员的 QoL 结果并不令人满意。然而，职业生涯中严重受伤的次数与较低的 QoL 有关，而拥有较高学历的球员则表现出较高的一般 QoL 和身体 QoL。为证实这些趋势，应进行更大规模的样本研究。

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引用次数: 0

Paraspinal Muscle Stiffness during Hamstring Exercise Using Shear-Wave Elastography 利用剪切波弹性成像技术测量腘绳肌运动时脊柱旁肌肉的僵硬度

IF 2.7 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3390/sports12080199

Eleftherios Kellis, Afxentios Kekelekis, Eleni E. Drakonaki

Soccer teams integrate specific exercises into their typical workout programs for injury prevention. This study examined the effects of hamstring exercise on paraspinal and hamstring stiffness. These findings can inform training and rehabilitation programs to improve muscle health and prevent injuries. Fifteen young, healthy males performed passive and active (submaximal) knee flexion efforts from 0°, 45°, to 90° angle of knee flexion from the prone position. Using shear-wave elastography (SWE) and surface electromyography, we measured the elastic modulus and root mean square (RMS) signal of the erector spinae (ES), multifidus (MF), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) during different knee flexion angles. Passive SWE modulus at 0° was 12.44 ± 4.45 kPa (ES), 13.35 ± 6.12 kPa (MF), 22.01 ± 4.68 kPa (ST), and 21.57 ± 5.22 kPa (SM) and it was greater (p < 0.05) compared to 45° and 90°. The corresponding values during knee flexion contractions at 0° increased to 18.99 ± 6.11 kPa (ES), 20.65 ± 11.31 kPa (MF), 71.21 ± 13.88 kPa (ST), and 70.20 ± 14.29 kPa (SM) and did not differ between angles (p > 0.05). Compared to rest, the relative increase in the SWE modulus during active contraction had a median value (interquartile range) ranging from 68.11 (86.29) to 101.69 (54.33)% for the paraspinal muscles and it was moderately to strongly correlated (r > 0.672) with the corresponding increase of the hamstring muscles [ranging from 225.94 (114.72) to 463.16 (185.16)%]. The RMS signal was greater during active compared to passive conditions, and it was lower at 90° compared to 45° (for SM/ST) and 0° (for all muscles). The association between paraspinal and hamstring passive muscle stiffness indicates a potential transmission of forces through myofascial connections between the lumbar spine and the lower limbs. In this laboratory setting, hamstring exercises affected the stiffness of the paraspinal muscles.

足球队在典型的锻炼计划中加入了特定的运动，以预防受伤。本研究探讨了腿筋锻炼对脊柱旁和腿筋僵硬的影响。这些发现可为训练和康复计划提供参考，从而改善肌肉健康并预防受伤。15 名年轻、健康的男性从俯卧位开始，分别从膝关节屈曲 0°、45° 到 90°角进行了被动和主动（亚极限）膝关节屈曲运动。通过剪切波弹性成像（SWE）和表面肌电图，我们测量了不同屈膝角度下竖脊肌（ES）、多股肌（MF）、半腱肌（ST）和半膜肌（SM）的弹性模量和均方根（RMS）信号。0° 时的被动 SWE 模量为 12.44 ± 4.45 kPa（ES）、13.35 ± 6.12 kPa（MF）、22.01 ± 4.68 kPa（ST）和 21.57 ± 5.22 kPa（SM），与 45° 和 90° 时相比更大（P < 0.05）。膝关节屈曲收缩 0° 时的相应值分别增至 18.99 ± 6.11 kPa (ES)、20.65 ± 11.31 kPa (MF)、71.21 ± 13.88 kPa (ST) 和 70.20 ± 14.29 kPa (SM)，且不同角度之间无差异（p > 0.05）。与静止时相比，主动收缩时脊柱旁肌肉的 SWE 模量相对增加的中值（四分位数间距）从 68.11 (86.29) 到 101.69 (54.33)%，与腿筋肌肉的相应增加值[从 225.94 (114.72) 到 463.16 (185.16)%]呈中度到高度相关（r > 0.672）。主动状态下的均方根信号大于被动状态下的均方根信号，90° 时的均方根信号低于 45°（SM/ST）和 0°（所有肌肉）时的均方根信号。脊柱旁肌和腘绳肌被动僵硬度之间的联系表明，腰椎和下肢之间的肌筋膜连接可能传递力量。在实验室环境中，腘绳肌锻炼会影响脊柱旁肌肉的僵硬度。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing the Anthropometrics, Body Composition, and Strength Performance of Male and Female Italian Breaking Athletes: A Pilot Study 比较意大利男女霹雳运动员的人体测量学、身体成分和力量表现：试点研究

IF 2.7 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3390/sports12070197

Bruno Ruscello, Gabriele Morganti, Antonio De Fano, Flavio Mancina, Laura Lunetta, Giuseppe Di Mauro, Claudio Cogoni, Edilio Pagano, Nicolò Marco Brigati, Andrea Di Castro, Antonio Gianfelici, Raffaella Spada, Elvira Padua, Chiara Ragona

Breaking is a performative art that has recently undergone a process of sportification, developing into an aesthetic sport included in the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. Despite its growing worldwide popularity, there is a lack of research on Breaking. Accordingly, this pilot study’s aim was twofold: (a) to provide an initial understanding of the anthropometric measures, body composition data, somatotype profiles, and strength performance of male (B-boys) and female (B-girls) Italian Breakers divided into elite (international) and sub-elite (national) levels and (b) to guide further research on the area, providing the methodological approach for future investigations. A total of 24 B-boys (elite n = 5; sub-elite n = 19) and 9 B-girls (elite n = 3; sub-elite n = 6) were included in this study. Descriptive analyses revealed that B-boys and B-girls displayed low height and weight (1.70 m (63.8 kg) and 1.58 m (54.2 kg), respectively), low levels of body fat percentages (10.3% and 17.6%, respectively), and a balanced mesomorph somatotype (2.28–4.64–2.69 and 2.34–5.16–2.38, respectively), revealing a marked development of muscular mass. Due to the small sample size, Welch’s test and correlation analyses did not report any elite vs. sub-elite difference. It was hypothesized that Breakers’ morphological profiles result from the selection procedures and training regimens related to Breaking aesthetic, athletic, and physiological demands.

霹雳舞是一种表演艺术，最近经历了体育化的过程，发展成为 2024 年巴黎奥运会的一项美学运动。尽管霹雳舞在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，但关于它的研究却十分匮乏。因此，本试验性研究的目的有两个：(a) 初步了解分为精英（国际）和次精英（国家）级别的男性（B-男孩）和女性（B-女孩）意大利霹雳舞运动员的人体测量指标、身体成分数据、体型特征和力量表现；(b) 指导该领域的进一步研究，为未来的调查提供方法论。本研究共包括 24 名 B 级男孩（精英级 n = 5；次级精英级 n = 19）和 9 名 B 级女孩（精英级 n = 3；次级精英级 n = 6）。描述性分析表明，乙组男孩和乙组女孩的身高和体重较低（分别为 1.70 米（63.8 千克）和 1.58 米（54.2 千克）），体脂率较低（分别为 10.3% 和 17.6%），中型体型均衡（分别为 2.28-4.64-2.69 和 2.34-5.16-2.38），显示出肌肉质量的明显发展。由于样本量较小，韦尔奇测试和相关性分析并未显示出精英与亚精英之间的差异。据推测，Breaking 运动员的形态特征是由与美学、运动和生理需求相关的选拔程序和训练方案造成的。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Different Reduced Training Frequencies after 12 Weeks of Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training on Muscle Strength and Morphology 同时进行阻力训练和有氧训练 12 周后降低训练频率对肌肉力量和形态的影响

IF 2.7 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3390/sports12070198

Thomas Mpampoulis, Angeliki N. Stasinaki, Spyridon Methenitis, Nikolaos Zaras, Gregory C. Bogdanis, Gerasimos Terzis

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of two long-term reduced concurrent training modalities, in which participants performed one training session every either 7 or 14 days, after 12 weeks of systematic concurrent resistance and aerobic training, on lower extremities’ muscle strength, power, and morphology in young females. After the 12-week training period, participants were assigned into three groups and performed either one training session every 7 days (G7) or once every 14 days (G14), or detraining (GD), for 12 weeks, followed by 12 additional weeks of detraining. The following were measured before, after the systematic training period, after the end of the reduced training frequency period, and after the end of complete detraining: body composition, leg press 1-RM, countermovement jump, quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA), vastus lateralis muscle architecture, and maximum aerobic power. Performance and muscle mass increased after the initial 12-week training period. Thereafter, leg press 1-RM, quadriceps CSA, and aerobic power remained unchanged in the G7 group, but decreased in G14 (−4.4 ± 3.5%; −5.9 ± 1.8%; −9.0 ± 7.8%, respectively, p < 0.05), maintaining 95.6 ± 3.5%, 94.1 ± 1.8%, and 91.0 ± 7.8% of the initial training adaptations, respectively. In conclusion, performing one training session every 2 weeks for 3 months may preserve 90 to 95% of the muscle mass/strength and aerobic power adaptations achieved with systematic concurrent training.

该研究旨在探讨两种长期减量同步训练模式对年轻女性下肢肌肉力量、力量和形态的影响。在这两种训练模式中，参与者在进行了 12 周的系统性同步阻力和有氧训练后，每 7 天或 14 天进行一次训练。在为期 12 周的训练期结束后，参与者被分为三组，分别进行每 7 天一次（G7）或每 14 天一次（G14）的训练，或进行为期 12 周的脱训练（GD），然后再进行为期 12 周的脱训练。在系统训练期之前、之后、减少训练频率期结束之后以及完全脱离训练期结束之后，对以下项目进行了测量：身体成分、压腿 1-RM、反向运动跳跃、股四头肌横截面积（CSA）、阔筋膜肌肉结构以及最大有氧功率。经过最初 12 周的训练后，成绩和肌肉质量都有所提高。此后，G7 组的腿部推举 1-RM、股四头肌横截面积和有氧力量保持不变，但 G14 组有所下降（分别为-4.4 ± 3.5%；-5.9 ± 1.8%；-9.0 ± 7.8%，p < 0.05），分别保持了初始训练适应性的 95.6 ± 3.5%、94.1 ± 1.8% 和 91.0 ± 7.8%。总之，每两周进行一次训练，持续 3 个月，可以保持 90% 至 95% 的肌肉质量/力量和有氧力量适应性，这些适应性是通过系统性的同步训练实现的。

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引用次数: 0

Factors Affecting the Running Performance of Soccer Teams in the Turkish Super League. 影响土耳其超级联赛足球队跑动表现的因素。

IF 2.2 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/sports12070196

Spyridon Plakias, Yiannis Michailidis

Performance analysis in sports is a rapidly evolving field, where academics and applied performance analysts work together to improve coaches' decision making through the use of performance indicators (PIs). This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of factors affecting running performance (RP) in soccer teams, focusing on low (LI), medium (MI), and high-speed distances (HI) and the number of high-speed runs (NHI). Data were collected from 185 matches in the Turkish first division's 2021-2022 season using InStat Fitness's optical tracking technology. Four linear mixed-model analyses were conducted on the RP metrics with fixed factors, including location, team quality, opponent quality, ball possession, high-press, counterattacks, number of central defenders, and number of central forwards. The findings indicate that high-press and opponent team quality affect MI (d = 0.311, d = 0.214) and HI (d = 0.303, d = 0.207); team quality influences MI (d = 0.632); location and counterattacks impact HI (d = 0.228, d = 0.450); high-press and the number of central defenders affects NHI (d = 0.404, d = 0.319); and ball possession affects LI (d = 0.287). The number of central forwards did not influence any RP metrics. This study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing RP in soccer, highlighting the complex interactions between formations and physical, technical-tactical, and contextual variables. Understanding these dynamics can help coaches and analysts optimize team performance and strategic decision making.

体育运动中的成绩分析是一个快速发展的领域，学术界和应用成绩分析师通过使用成绩指标（PIs）共同改善教练的决策。本研究旨在全面分析影响足球队跑步表现（RP）的因素，重点关注低距离（LI）、中距离（MI）和高速距离（HI）以及高速跑次数（NHI）。数据来自 2021-2022 赛季土耳其甲级联赛的 185 场比赛，使用的是 InStat Fitness 的光学跟踪技术。对 RP 指标进行了四种线性混合模型分析，其中包括位置、球队质量、对手质量、控球率、高位逼抢、反击、中后卫人数和中前卫人数等固定因素。结果表明，高位逼抢和对手球队质量影响 MI（d = 0.311，d = 0.214）和 HI（d = 0.303，d = 0.207）；球队质量影响 MI（d = 0.632）；位置和反击影响 HI（d = 0.228，d = 0.450）；高位逼抢和中后卫人数影响 NHI（d = 0.404，d = 0.319）；控球率影响 LI（d = 0.287）。中前卫的数量对任何 RP 指标都没有影响。这项研究为了解足球比赛中的RP影响因素提供了宝贵的见解，突出了阵型与身体、技术战术和环境变量之间复杂的相互作用。了解这些动态变化有助于教练和分析师优化球队表现和战略决策。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Specific Mood Profile Clusters among Elite and Youth Athletes at a Brazilian Sports Club. 巴西一家体育俱乐部的精英和青少年运动员中特定情绪特征群的流行率。

IF 2.2 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/sports12070195

Izabel Cristina Provenza de Miranda Rohlfs, Franco Noce, Carolina Wilke, Victoria R Terry, Renée L Parsons-Smith, Peter C Terry

Those responsible for elite and youth athletes are increasingly aware of the need to balance the quest for superior performance with the need to protect the physical and psychological wellbeing of athletes. As a result, regular assessment of risks to mental health is a common feature in sports organisations. In the present study, the Brazil Mood Scale (BRAMS) was administered to 898 athletes (387 female, 511 male, age range: 12-44 years) at a leading sports club in Rio de Janeiro using either "past week" or "right now" response timeframes. Using seeded k-means cluster analysis, six distinct mood profile clusters were identified, referred to as the iceberg, surface, submerged, shark fin, inverse iceberg, and inverse Everest profiles. The latter three profiles, which are associated with varying degrees of increased risk to mental health, were reported by 238 athletes (26.5%). The prevalence of these three mood clusters varied according to the response timeframe (past week > right now) and the sex of the athletes (female > male). The prevalence of the iceberg profile varied by athlete sex (male > female), and age (12-17 years > 18+ years). Findings supported use of the BRAMS as a screening tool for the risk of psychological issues among athletes in Brazilian sports organisations.

负责精英运动员和青少年运动员的人员越来越意识到，必须在追求优异成绩与保护运动员身心健康之间取得平衡。因此，对心理健康风险进行定期评估已成为体育组织的共同特点。本研究采用 "过去一周 "或 "现在 "两种回答时间框架，对里约热内卢一家主要体育俱乐部的 898 名运动员（女性 387 人，男性 511 人，年龄范围：12-44 岁）进行了巴西情绪量表（BRAMS）测试。通过种子 k-means 聚类分析，确定了六个不同的情绪特征聚类，分别称为冰山特征、表面特征、沉没特征、鱼翅特征、逆冰山特征和逆珠峰特征。238名运动员（26.5%）报告了后三种情绪特征，它们与不同程度的心理健康风险增加有关。这三种情绪群组的流行率因回答时间框架（过去一周>现在）和运动员性别（女性>男性）而异。冰山特征的发生率因运动员性别（男性 > 女性）和年龄（12-17 岁 > 18 岁以上）而异。研究结果表明，在巴西的体育组织中，运动员心理问题风险筛查工具的使用得到了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological Responses in Trail Runners during a Maximal Test with Different Weighted-Vest Loads 越野跑运动员在不同负重背心负荷下进行最大负荷测试时的生理反应

IF 2.7 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/sports12070189

Germán Jiménez-Redondo, Bruno Castro-Frecha, Francisco Javier Martínez-Noguera, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Cristian Marín-Pagán

During some trail running races, athletes have to carry hydration support, food, and technical and safety equipment, which generates an additional load that must be mobilized during the race. The aim of the present study was to determine the physiological responses to overload running and the effect they may have on metabolic zones. Seventeen well-trained male trail runners (n = 17) completed three maximal treadmill tests with weighted vests at 0%, 5%, and 10% of their body mass (L0, L5, and L10). Their gas exchange was monitored to assess their ventilatory thresholds 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2), maximal fat oxidation zone (FatMax), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Their heart rate (HR), power, and velocity (V) were tracked to compare their behavior. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in the V (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.4620) as a limitation for reaching the peak velocity (Vpeak), with a significant decrease in the Vpeak with the L10 compared to the L0 (p = 0.002) and L5 (p = 0.004). In addition, one-way ANOVA showed significant differences in the peak absolute power (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.468) among the groups, detecting higher power production between the L10 and L0 (p < 0.001) and between the L10 and L5 (p = 0.015). Loads higher than L5 could generated important physiological and mechanical modifications, while a load of L5 managed to maintain the working conditions without overloading. These insights shed light on nuanced strategies for optimizing performance and endurance, offering valuable considerations for athletes seeking to enhance their training regimens during overload conditions.

在一些越野跑比赛中，运动员必须携带水合支持、食物以及技术和安全设备，这就产生了额外的负荷，必须在比赛中加以调动。本研究旨在确定超负荷跑步的生理反应及其对代谢区的影响。17 名训练有素的男性越野跑运动员（n = 17）分别在体重为 0%、5% 和 10%（L0、L5 和 L10）的负重背心下完成了三项最大跑步机测试。对他们的气体交换进行监测，以评估他们的通气阈值 1（VT1）和 2（VT2）、最大脂肪氧化区（FatMax）和峰值耗氧量（VO2peak）。对他们的心率（HR）、功率和速度（V）进行了跟踪，以比较他们的行为。单因素方差分析显示，速度（V）作为达到峰值速度（Vpeak）的限制因素存在显著差异（p < 0.001；ηp2 = 0.4620），与 L0（p = 0.002）和 L5（p = 0.004）相比，L10 的 Vpeak 显著下降。此外，单因素方差分析显示，各组之间的峰值绝对功率存在显著差异（p < 0.001；ηp2 = 0.468），L10 和 L0 之间（p < 0.001）以及 L10 和 L5 之间（p = 0.015）的功率产生较高。高于 L5 的负荷可产生重要的生理和机械变化，而 L5 的负荷则可在不超负荷的情况下维持工作条件。这些见解揭示了优化性能和耐力的细微策略，为运动员在超负荷条件下寻求加强训练方案提供了有价值的考虑因素。

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