Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.9
W. Akande-Sholabi, A.A. Akinbitan, Y. Adebisi
The Nigerian health system continues to face double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. To meet the country’s health needs, the number of healthcare professionals participating in public health activities must be increased. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes, practices and barriers to rendering public health services among community pharmacists in a southwestern Nigerian state. We used a pretested self-administered questionnaire to collect data on 120 community pharmacists’ sociodemographic characteristics, practices, attitudes and barriers to providing public health services. Participating pharmacists must have at least one year of experience working in a community pharmacy. Data were summarised descriptively using IBM SPSS (version 23.0). Females’ respondents were (n = 69, 57.5%) and (n = 82, 68.3%) pharmacists had 1 year– 5 years’ experience. Most (n = 116, 96.7%) of the respondents agreed that pharmacists should be involved in public health activities, and (n = 106, 88.3%) respondents disagreed that public health activities should be carried out only by doctors and nurses. Overall (n = 89, 74.0%) of the respondents had positive attitude to public health activities (score ≥ 80%) and majority of the community pharmacists had been practicing public health activities. Insufficient time (n = 65, 54.2%) and lack of financial capital to implement changes (n = 84, 70.0%) were identified as prominent barriers that hindered community pharmacists from rendering public health services. Community pharmacists had positive attitude towards the practice of public health activities. However, further studies should emphasise on how to overcome barriers preventing their involvement in public health activities. Providing incentives for public health services rendered could increase community pharmacists’ involvement in public health activities.
{"title":"Public Health Activities: Evaluation of Community Pharmacists’ Attitude, Practice and Barriers in a Nigerian Southwestern State","authors":"W. Akande-Sholabi, A.A. Akinbitan, Y. Adebisi","doi":"10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The Nigerian health system continues to face double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. To meet the country’s health needs, the number of healthcare professionals participating in public health activities must be increased. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes, practices and barriers to rendering public health services among community pharmacists in a southwestern Nigerian state. We used a pretested self-administered questionnaire to collect data on 120 community pharmacists’ sociodemographic characteristics, practices, attitudes and barriers to providing public health services. Participating pharmacists must have at least one year of experience working in a community pharmacy. Data were summarised descriptively using IBM SPSS (version 23.0). Females’ respondents were (n = 69, 57.5%) and (n = 82, 68.3%) pharmacists had 1 year– 5 years’ experience. Most (n = 116, 96.7%) of the respondents agreed that pharmacists should be involved in public health activities, and (n = 106, 88.3%) respondents disagreed that public health activities should be carried out only by doctors and nurses. Overall (n = 89, 74.0%) of the respondents had positive attitude to public health activities (score ≥ 80%) and majority of the community pharmacists had been practicing public health activities. Insufficient time (n = 65, 54.2%) and lack of financial capital to implement changes (n = 84, 70.0%) were identified as prominent barriers that hindered community pharmacists from rendering public health services. Community pharmacists had positive attitude towards the practice of public health activities. However, further studies should emphasise on how to overcome barriers preventing their involvement in public health activities. Providing incentives for public health services rendered could increase community pharmacists’ involvement in public health activities.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44751635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.10
O. G. See, David CM Kong, Chua Gin Nie, F. Saleem, Tan Ching Siang, Wong Yuet Yen, A. Shafie, Ong Siew Chin
{"title":"Tribute to Professor Dr. Mohamed Azmi bin Ahmad Hassali: A Great Scholar, Generous Colleague, Friendly and Inspirational Mentor","authors":"O. G. See, David CM Kong, Chua Gin Nie, F. Saleem, Tan Ching Siang, Wong Yuet Yen, A. Shafie, Ong Siew Chin","doi":"10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.5
O. S. Ajala, M. Akinleye, M. Owolabi, G. Ukpo
Inherent oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and other nuclear receptor signaling activities of typical aromatase inhibitors (AIs) preclude their clinical use as anti-oestrogenic anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia (anti-BPH) agents. Spirostan sapogenins (SS) constitute a chemical space from which AIs without such deterrents could be sought. This work was aimed at in silico discovery of clinical aromatase inhibitory anti-oestrogenic anti-BPH drug leads. Fortysix SS were docked against an inhibitor conformation of the human placenta aromatase. Nuclear receptor signaling activation tendencies of seven of them showing high docking scores comparable to that of the co-crystalised ligand, exemestane, were determined in a ligand-based webserver screening (Protox-II) and docking against an agonist conformation of the ERα ligand binding domain (ERαLBD). Other toxicity and pharmacokinetic/druglikeness evaluations were caried out using Protox-II and SwissADME webservers. Stability of aromatase complex with the highest-docking-score SS was explored in a molecular dynamics simulation using Webgro molecular dynamics webserver at a 20 ns simulation time. None of the seven SS activated the nuclear receptor signaling pathways; pharmacokinetic/druglikeness predictors showed that they would be orally bioavailable; they were not susceptible to drug metabolising cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes and two of them demonstrated non-susceptibility to the efflux transport activity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Molecular dynamics data analysis revealed the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 2 Å–3 Å and a radius of gyration of and 22 Å over the 20 ns simulation time. This investigation provides a molecular framework for anti-oestrogenic anti-BPH therapeutic strategy via aromatase inhibition (AI) and unmasks seven SS as potential anti-BPH AIs.
{"title":"In Silico Evaluation of Aromatase Inhibitory Anti-benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Potentials of Spirostan Sapogenins","authors":"O. S. Ajala, M. Akinleye, M. Owolabi, G. Ukpo","doi":"10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Inherent oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and other nuclear receptor signaling activities of typical aromatase inhibitors (AIs) preclude their clinical use as anti-oestrogenic anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia (anti-BPH) agents. Spirostan sapogenins (SS) constitute a chemical space from which AIs without such deterrents could be sought. This work was aimed at in silico discovery of clinical aromatase inhibitory anti-oestrogenic anti-BPH drug leads. Fortysix SS were docked against an inhibitor conformation of the human placenta aromatase. Nuclear receptor signaling activation tendencies of seven of them showing high docking scores comparable to that of the co-crystalised ligand, exemestane, were determined in a ligand-based webserver screening (Protox-II) and docking against an agonist conformation of the ERα ligand binding domain (ERαLBD). Other toxicity and pharmacokinetic/druglikeness evaluations were caried out using Protox-II and SwissADME webservers. Stability of aromatase complex with the highest-docking-score SS was explored in a molecular dynamics simulation using Webgro molecular dynamics webserver at a 20 ns simulation time. None of the seven SS activated the nuclear receptor signaling pathways; pharmacokinetic/druglikeness predictors showed that they would be orally bioavailable; they were not susceptible to drug metabolising cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes and two of them demonstrated non-susceptibility to the efflux transport activity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Molecular dynamics data analysis revealed the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 2 Å–3 Å and a radius of gyration of and 22 Å over the 20 ns simulation time. This investigation provides a molecular framework for anti-oestrogenic anti-BPH therapeutic strategy via aromatase inhibition (AI) and unmasks seven SS as potential anti-BPH AIs.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44260851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.1
S. Zainol, Aidiahmad Dewa, Z. Ismail, Nornisah Mohamed
A sensitive, reproducible, and reliable reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with diode array detection (DAD) was developed and validated. Simultaneous determinations of five compounds; gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and caffeic acid in four types of Momordica charantia extracts; water, ethanol, water:ethanol (1:1) and acetone were conducted. The compounds were successfully separated by C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a gradient solvent system of 3% acetic acid in water:methanol:acetonitrile at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was carried out at 280 nm. The standard curves of the five compounds were linear in the range of 0.0396 µg/mL–100 µg/mL. The intra-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.97%, while the inter-assay RSD was less than 4.92%, whereas the accuracy was between 90.96% and 108.92%, respectively. Our optimised RP-HPLC-DAD method was capable to detect flavonoids and phenolic acid contents in four types of M. charantia fruits extracts simultaneously from five locations in Malaysia. The present method is recommended to be used for chemical analyses of phenolic compounds in other Momordica species.
{"title":"RP-HPLC Method Development for Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Fruit Extracts of Momordica charantia from Different Locations in Malaysia","authors":"S. Zainol, Aidiahmad Dewa, Z. Ismail, Nornisah Mohamed","doi":"10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2023.21.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"A sensitive, reproducible, and reliable reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with diode array detection (DAD) was developed and validated. Simultaneous determinations of five compounds; gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and caffeic acid in four types of Momordica charantia extracts; water, ethanol, water:ethanol (1:1) and acetone were conducted. The compounds were successfully separated by C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a gradient solvent system of 3% acetic acid in water:methanol:acetonitrile at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was carried out at 280 nm. The standard curves of the five compounds were linear in the range of 0.0396 µg/mL–100 µg/mL. The intra-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.97%, while the inter-assay RSD was less than 4.92%, whereas the accuracy was between 90.96% and 108.92%, respectively. Our optimised RP-HPLC-DAD method was capable to detect flavonoids and phenolic acid contents in four types of M. charantia fruits extracts simultaneously from five locations in Malaysia. The present method is recommended to be used for chemical analyses of phenolic compounds in other Momordica species.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.4
J. Ng, Fatimatuzzahra’ Abdul Aziz
Heart failure (HF) patients with depression usually have poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of perceived depressive symptoms among outpatients with HF and its association with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the Heart Failure Clinic in Hospital Pulau Pinang (HPP) over 3 months period starting January 2020 using a convenience sampling method. All patients were included except patients under 18 years old, pregnant patients, diagnosed with psychiatric or depressive disorders and HF inpatients. A validated English and Malay version of Patient-Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used for screening of depressive symptoms. High scorers (≥ 10) were regarded as depressive. Results were reported in percentage (%) or median ± interquartile range (IQR). Fisher’s exact test with a 95% confidence interval was used. A total of 177 patients were recruited. The prevalence of perceived depressive symptoms among HF outpatients in HPP was 14.1%. The NYHA class was significantly associated with depressive status (p = 0.003). Depressive symptoms were common among these outpatients diagnosed with HF. A higher NYHA class suggested a higher depressive symptoms score. Screening for perceived depression especially patients with higher NYHA class was recommended.
{"title":"Prevalence of Perceived Depressive Symptoms and Its Association With Stages of Heart Failure among Outpatients in a Public Hospital in Malaysia","authors":"J. Ng, Fatimatuzzahra’ Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF) patients with depression usually have poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of perceived depressive symptoms among outpatients with HF and its association with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the Heart Failure Clinic in Hospital Pulau Pinang (HPP) over 3 months period starting January 2020 using a convenience sampling method. All patients were included except patients under 18 years old, pregnant patients, diagnosed with psychiatric or depressive disorders and HF inpatients. A validated English and Malay version of Patient-Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used for screening of depressive symptoms. High scorers (≥ 10) were regarded as depressive. Results were reported in percentage (%) or median ± interquartile range (IQR). Fisher’s exact test with a 95% confidence interval was used. A total of 177 patients were recruited. The prevalence of perceived depressive symptoms among HF outpatients in HPP was 14.1%. The NYHA class was significantly associated with depressive status (p = 0.003). Depressive symptoms were common among these outpatients diagnosed with HF. A higher NYHA class suggested a higher depressive symptoms score. Screening for perceived depression especially patients with higher NYHA class was recommended.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42867542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.5
Z. Ibrahim, A. Uzairu, G. Shallangwa, S. Abechi, S. Isyaku
The orthodox process of investigating lead molecules is a lengthy and laborious one that in most cases leads to minimal success. Molecular docking analysis provides an alternative path to drug discovery through the interactions of two or more complexes. Molecular docking studies were performed on 12 theoretically designed derivatives of 2’-substituted triclosan against a Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR) protein target as well as predicting their drug-likeness and SwissADME properties. The docking studies were carried out using the Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) where the molecular interactions between the ligands and the target protein were studied. The docking analysis revealed 5-(((5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl)amino)methyl) benzofuran-6-ol (re-rank docking score = -145.497 kcal/mol) as the most stable derivative. The compounds were all found to completely concord with the Lipinski rule regulations, in addition to the molar refractivity as well as the number of rotatable bonds appearing within acceptable limits. All compounds except 2–5 and 7 show high gastrointestinal absorption, and are non-inhibitors of cytochrome P450; CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 except CYP2C9, lack BBB penetration, and only compounds 2–7 and 12 were found to inhibit permeabilityglycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. The findings suggest that some of the derivatives tend to increase the oral bioavailability of the substrate and most of them cannot be used in the treatment of cerebral malaria. These results may lead to future optimisation of the designed derivatives for improved antimalarial agents.
{"title":"Molecular Docking, Drug-Likeness and SwissADME Evaluations of the Interactions of 2’-Substituted Triclosan Derivatives with Plasmodium falciparum Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase","authors":"Z. Ibrahim, A. Uzairu, G. Shallangwa, S. Abechi, S. Isyaku","doi":"10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The orthodox process of investigating lead molecules is a lengthy and laborious one that in most cases leads to minimal success. Molecular docking analysis provides an alternative path to drug discovery through the interactions of two or more complexes. Molecular docking studies were performed on 12 theoretically designed derivatives of 2’-substituted triclosan against a Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR) protein target as well as predicting their drug-likeness and SwissADME properties. The docking studies were carried out using the Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) where the molecular interactions between the ligands and the target protein were studied. The docking analysis revealed 5-(((5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl)amino)methyl) benzofuran-6-ol (re-rank docking score = -145.497 kcal/mol) as the most stable derivative. The compounds were all found to completely concord with the Lipinski rule regulations, in addition to the molar refractivity as well as the number of rotatable bonds appearing within acceptable limits. All compounds except 2–5 and 7 show high gastrointestinal absorption, and are non-inhibitors of cytochrome P450; CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 except CYP2C9, lack BBB penetration, and only compounds 2–7 and 12 were found to inhibit permeabilityglycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. The findings suggest that some of the derivatives tend to increase the oral bioavailability of the substrate and most of them cannot be used in the treatment of cerebral malaria. These results may lead to future optimisation of the designed derivatives for improved antimalarial agents.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42271807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.8
N. Mazlan, Connie Vun Sie Yee, A. Mat Yusoff, Muhamad Fauzanudin Baharudin, Kim Yok Catherine Ong, Kohila Krishnan, M. F. Limun
Human albumin solution (HAS) which is available in government hospitals in Malaysia, mostly are supplied by the National Blood Centre, Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia. Due to the high usage of HAS, it is a strain to meet the demands nationwide. Moreover, HAS is very expensive. This study was a retrospective observational study evaluating drug utilisation of HAS in Hospital Tawau, Sabah. A name list of 61 patients who had received HAS between 6 months from 1 January to 30 June 2019 was sent for medical records tracing. Forty-eight prescriptions of HAS were evaluated and later categorised as ‘proven indications’ or ‘unproven indications’ with the aid of an internally prepared guideline. The result of this study indicates that 12 (25%) out of 48 prescriptions were for ‘unproven indications’. Possible wastage due to ‘unproven indications’ was 29 vials which were 20% of the total HAS usage in this study, estimated to cost RM7,804 (USD1,880). Major surgery with a serum albumin level of 20 g/L and above (55.2%), paracentesis with ascitic fluid removed of less than 5 L (24.1%) and hypoalbuminemia without justified comorbid or diagnosis (20.6%) being reasons for possible wastage of HAS in this study. The percentage of possible wastage of HAS reflected in this study was not as high as other published research done in other countries, mainly due to additional steps required for prescribing HAS in our facility (filling Blood Plasma Product Request Form) and also the need to obtain approval from the Director-General of MOH Malaysia if it was prescribed for other than the approved indications.
{"title":"Drug Utilisation Evaluation of Human Albumin Solution in Tawau Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"N. Mazlan, Connie Vun Sie Yee, A. Mat Yusoff, Muhamad Fauzanudin Baharudin, Kim Yok Catherine Ong, Kohila Krishnan, M. F. Limun","doi":"10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Human albumin solution (HAS) which is available in government hospitals in Malaysia, mostly are supplied by the National Blood Centre, Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia. Due to the high usage of HAS, it is a strain to meet the demands nationwide. Moreover, HAS is very expensive. This study was a retrospective observational study evaluating drug utilisation of HAS in Hospital Tawau, Sabah. A name list of 61 patients who had received HAS between 6 months from 1 January to 30 June 2019 was sent for medical records tracing. Forty-eight prescriptions of HAS were evaluated and later categorised as ‘proven indications’ or ‘unproven indications’ with the aid of an internally prepared guideline. The result of this study indicates that 12 (25%) out of 48 prescriptions were for ‘unproven indications’. Possible wastage due to ‘unproven indications’ was 29 vials which were 20% of the total HAS usage in this study, estimated to cost RM7,804 (USD1,880). Major surgery with a serum albumin level of 20 g/L and above (55.2%), paracentesis with ascitic fluid removed of less than 5 L (24.1%) and hypoalbuminemia without justified comorbid or diagnosis (20.6%) being reasons for possible wastage of HAS in this study. The percentage of possible wastage of HAS reflected in this study was not as high as other published research done in other countries, mainly due to additional steps required for prescribing HAS in our facility (filling Blood Plasma Product Request Form) and also the need to obtain approval from the Director-General of MOH Malaysia if it was prescribed for other than the approved indications.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47239629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.10
Sai’du Lawal Burji, A. Jatau, G. Khalid, M. K. Hassan, Ismaeel Yunusa, Safiya A. Shehu, K. Gulma, A. Ahmed, Fatima Mohammed, Inuwa Bello
Consistent with the global best practices, pharmacists practicing in Nigeria are mandated by law to renew their professional licenses annually. However, there is limited data regarding pharmacists’ experience with the renewal of practice licenses in Nigeria. Therefore, we aimed to provide this data. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an online survey (using Google FormTM). Eligible respondents were registered pharmacists in Nigeria. A questionnaire (link) that examines experiences towards renewing their license was developed and validated. The survey link was shared with the respondents via social media platforms, namely, Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter. A total of 349 pharmacists responded to the survey, of which 313 (89.7%) completed the questionnaire. Of these respondents, 276 (88.2%) reported renewing their licenses annually. Among those, 18 (48.6%) do not renew their licenses due to the high cost of license renewal, 9 (24.3%) due to cumbersome process and 8 (21.6%) reported licenses not required in their place of work, were the common reasons for not renewing their licenses. A total of 277 (88.5%) respondents indicated a preference in the online method of license renewal. Of the respondents, 43.5% and 64.2% disagreed with linking Mandatory Continuing and Professional Development (MCPD) and payment of professional associations’ dues with re-licensure, respectively. Twenty (6.4%) rated the performance of the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) as excellent and 143 (45.7%) as good. A high proportion of pharmacists (276 out of 313) renew their practice licenses in Nigeria. However, a reasonable number of pharmacists 82 (29.7%) in this study reported inconsistent attitudes towards license renewal. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to encourage pharmacists to renew their licenses annually.
{"title":"Exploring Pharmacists’ Experiences with Annual Renewal of License of Practice in Nigeria","authors":"Sai’du Lawal Burji, A. Jatau, G. Khalid, M. K. Hassan, Ismaeel Yunusa, Safiya A. Shehu, K. Gulma, A. Ahmed, Fatima Mohammed, Inuwa Bello","doi":"10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Consistent with the global best practices, pharmacists practicing in Nigeria are mandated by law to renew their professional licenses annually. However, there is limited data regarding pharmacists’ experience with the renewal of practice licenses in Nigeria. Therefore, we aimed to provide this data. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an online survey (using Google FormTM). Eligible respondents were registered pharmacists in Nigeria. A questionnaire (link) that examines experiences towards renewing their license was developed and validated. The survey link was shared with the respondents via social media platforms, namely, Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter. A total of 349 pharmacists responded to the survey, of which 313 (89.7%) completed the questionnaire. Of these respondents, 276 (88.2%) reported renewing their licenses annually. Among those, 18 (48.6%) do not renew their licenses due to the high cost of license renewal, 9 (24.3%) due to cumbersome process and 8 (21.6%) reported licenses not required in their place of work, were the common reasons for not renewing their licenses. A total of 277 (88.5%) respondents indicated a preference in the online method of license renewal. Of the respondents, 43.5% and 64.2% disagreed with linking Mandatory Continuing and Professional Development (MCPD) and payment of professional associations’ dues with re-licensure, respectively. Twenty (6.4%) rated the performance of the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) as excellent and 143 (45.7%) as good. A high proportion of pharmacists (276 out of 313) renew their practice licenses in Nigeria. However, a reasonable number of pharmacists 82 (29.7%) in this study reported inconsistent attitudes towards license renewal. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to encourage pharmacists to renew their licenses annually.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44985611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.1
Dahiru Ibrahim Malami, N. Aminu, A. Jatau, M. K. Hassan, S. Ilyasu, Abraham Daniel
Information related to the quality of ceftriaxone (CF) sold in northern Nigeria is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the quality of different brands of CF sodium injections marketed in Kano State of Nigeria. Thirteen different brands of CF sodium for injection (three samples per brand) were obtained from patent medicines vendors (PMVs), pharmacies and a government drug store in Kano State of Nigeria. The quality of these brands was assessed using physicochemical quality-control tests (colour, appearance, labelling, pH, weight uniformity and percentage of content). The results obtained from these tests were checked for compliance with the standards specified in British Pharmacopoeia 2009 (BP 2009) and the United States Pharmacopeia 2016 (USP 2016). All 13 (100%) brands were registered with the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The samples were brands imported from other countries and passed tests for colour and pH. However, 1 of the 13 samples did not pass the labelling inspection and only 4 (30.8%) brands were found to fulfil the requirements for physical appearance. Twelve (92.3%) of the 13 evaluated brands were found to have an acceptable percentage of content within a range of 95%–105% based on BP 2009 standards. The tested brands of CF sodium injection being marketed in Kano State of Nigeria were found to have variable compliance regarding the BP 2009 and USP 2016 specifications. Therefore, there is a need for relevant regulatory agencies to embark on more post-marketing surveillance to ensure the quality of medicines in Nigeria.
{"title":"Empirical Quality Evaluation of Common Brands of Ceftriaxone Sodium Injection Marketed in the Northern Region of Nigeria","authors":"Dahiru Ibrahim Malami, N. Aminu, A. Jatau, M. K. Hassan, S. Ilyasu, Abraham Daniel","doi":"10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Information related to the quality of ceftriaxone (CF) sold in northern Nigeria is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the quality of different brands of CF sodium injections marketed in Kano State of Nigeria. Thirteen different brands of CF sodium for injection (three samples per brand) were obtained from patent medicines vendors (PMVs), pharmacies and a government drug store in Kano State of Nigeria. The quality of these brands was assessed using physicochemical quality-control tests (colour, appearance, labelling, pH, weight uniformity and percentage of content). The results obtained from these tests were checked for compliance with the standards specified in British Pharmacopoeia 2009 (BP 2009) and the United States Pharmacopeia 2016 (USP 2016). All 13 (100%) brands were registered with the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The samples were brands imported from other countries and passed tests for colour and pH. However, 1 of the 13 samples did not pass the labelling inspection and only 4 (30.8%) brands were found to fulfil the requirements for physical appearance. Twelve (92.3%) of the 13 evaluated brands were found to have an acceptable percentage of content within a range of 95%–105% based on BP 2009 standards. The tested brands of CF sodium injection being marketed in Kano State of Nigeria were found to have variable compliance regarding the BP 2009 and USP 2016 specifications. Therefore, there is a need for relevant regulatory agencies to embark on more post-marketing surveillance to ensure the quality of medicines in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48024041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.11
A. Akinlolu, Temitope Omohimoria, A. Oyewopo, R. Kadir, Mubarak Oloduowo Ameen
Morinda lucida (ML) and Annona muricata (AM) are ethno-medicinal plants with antioxidant potentials. In addition, lead is a toxic pollutant of global health concerns. This study evaluated the effects of column chromatography-extracted ethanolic fractions of ML and AM leaves on immuno-modulations of Ki67 and multi-drug resistance1 (MDR1) proteins in the liver of rats in lead acetate (LA)-induced hepato-toxicity in-order to determine their hepato-protective, anti-proliferation, anti-drug resistance and anti-cancer potentials. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 5). Groups 1 and 2 received physiological saline and 100 mg/kg bodyweight of LA, respectively, for 5 weeks. Groups 3–6 received 100 mg/ kg bodyweight LA for 2 weeks followed by post-treatments with 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of ML, and 7.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of AM, respectively, for another 3 weeks. Groups 7–10 received 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of ML, and 7.5 mg/ kg and10 mg/kg bodyweight of AM, respectively, for 5 weeks. Groups 11 and 12 received co-administrations of 100 mg/kg bodyweight LA simultaneously with 15 mg/kg bodyweight ML and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of AM, respectively, for 5 weeks. Drugs and extracts were administered orally. Consequently, liver histopathology (heamatoxylin and eosin technique) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) homogenates’ concentrations of Ki67 and MDR1 were evaluated. Computed data were statistically analysed (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed normal liver histology in all groups. Post-treatments of LA-induced hepato-toxicity resulted in statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and non-significant decreased concentrations (p ≥ 0.05) of Ki67 and MDR1 in Groups 3–12 compared with Group 2. These observations indicated that ML and AM ameliorated LA-induced hepato-toxicity, abnormal proliferation, drug resistance and mutagenesis.
{"title":"Anti-Toxic Principles from Morinda lucida and Annona muricata Down-Regulated Ki67 and Multi-Drug Resistance1 Genes in Lead-Induced Hepato-Toxicity in Rats","authors":"A. Akinlolu, Temitope Omohimoria, A. Oyewopo, R. Kadir, Mubarak Oloduowo Ameen","doi":"10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Morinda lucida (ML) and Annona muricata (AM) are ethno-medicinal plants with antioxidant potentials. In addition, lead is a toxic pollutant of global health concerns. This study evaluated the effects of column chromatography-extracted ethanolic fractions of ML and AM leaves on immuno-modulations of Ki67 and multi-drug resistance1 (MDR1) proteins in the liver of rats in lead acetate (LA)-induced hepato-toxicity in-order to determine their hepato-protective, anti-proliferation, anti-drug resistance and anti-cancer potentials. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 5). Groups 1 and 2 received physiological saline and 100 mg/kg bodyweight of LA, respectively, for 5 weeks. Groups 3–6 received 100 mg/ kg bodyweight LA for 2 weeks followed by post-treatments with 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of ML, and 7.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of AM, respectively, for another 3 weeks. Groups 7–10 received 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of ML, and 7.5 mg/ kg and10 mg/kg bodyweight of AM, respectively, for 5 weeks. Groups 11 and 12 received co-administrations of 100 mg/kg bodyweight LA simultaneously with 15 mg/kg bodyweight ML and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of AM, respectively, for 5 weeks. Drugs and extracts were administered orally. Consequently, liver histopathology (heamatoxylin and eosin technique) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) homogenates’ concentrations of Ki67 and MDR1 were evaluated. Computed data were statistically analysed (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed normal liver histology in all groups. Post-treatments of LA-induced hepato-toxicity resulted in statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and non-significant decreased concentrations (p ≥ 0.05) of Ki67 and MDR1 in Groups 3–12 compared with Group 2. These observations indicated that ML and AM ameliorated LA-induced hepato-toxicity, abnormal proliferation, drug resistance and mutagenesis.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46245035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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