Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.7
Wan Maisarah Wan Ahmad Kamal, Lee Mee Chan, Zakiah Abas, Darishini Murugiah, Goh Yen Joe, Nadhrah Rasyidah Ramli, Lui Park Yeang, Abdullah Azim Zulkafli, Wong Keng Wei
Medication review is an important service in optimising medicine use and improves clinical outcomes. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of pharmacist-led medication review on patients’ knowledge and adherence. For this prospective study, 480 patients were randomly recruited in six primary healthcare clinics in Petaling District Health Office. Patients were interviewed with a questionnaire and validated medication adherence scale during recruitment and at follow-up visit to assess their medication knowledge and adherence. The data was analysed using Chi-square tests and paired t-tests to determine the correlation between medication knowledge and adherence with patient demographics. Among 408 patients that had completed the follow-up, 16.9% of patients showed medication knowledge deficits on recruitment. However, there is a significant improvement in the medication knowledge indices during the follow-up session (p < 0.001). Elderly patients were found to benefit from medication review with better medication knowledge and adherence postmedication review. The study found that the number of good adherers increased by 29.3% after the medication review. A further study demonstrating the effectiveness of medication review in cultivating knowledge retention and sustained adherence in the longer-term is warranted. Future work shall also focus on measuring the cost-effectiveness of pharmacistled medication review implementation in primary healthcare settings. Pharmacist-led medication review is an essential and effective service in primary health care facilities for patients to enhance their knowledge on their medications, and adherence especially in elderly patients on chronic medications.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Pharmacist-Led Medication Review in Petaling District Health Office","authors":"Wan Maisarah Wan Ahmad Kamal, Lee Mee Chan, Zakiah Abas, Darishini Murugiah, Goh Yen Joe, Nadhrah Rasyidah Ramli, Lui Park Yeang, Abdullah Azim Zulkafli, Wong Keng Wei","doi":"10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Medication review is an important service in optimising medicine use and improves clinical outcomes. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of pharmacist-led medication review on patients’ knowledge and adherence. For this prospective study, 480 patients were randomly recruited in six primary healthcare clinics in Petaling District Health Office. Patients were interviewed with a questionnaire and validated medication adherence scale during recruitment and at follow-up visit to assess their medication knowledge and adherence. The data was analysed using Chi-square tests and paired t-tests to determine the correlation between medication knowledge and adherence with patient demographics. Among 408 patients that had completed the follow-up, 16.9% of patients showed medication knowledge deficits on recruitment. However, there is a significant improvement in the medication knowledge indices during the follow-up session (p < 0.001). Elderly patients were found to benefit from medication review with better medication knowledge and adherence postmedication review. The study found that the number of good adherers increased by 29.3% after the medication review. A further study demonstrating the effectiveness of medication review in cultivating knowledge retention and sustained adherence in the longer-term is warranted. Future work shall also focus on measuring the cost-effectiveness of pharmacistled medication review implementation in primary healthcare settings. Pharmacist-led medication review is an essential and effective service in primary health care facilities for patients to enhance their knowledge on their medications, and adherence especially in elderly patients on chronic medications.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45542631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.3
Ang Kee Hooi, Ishmah Musfirah Nazari, Low Seow Huey, Ng Yinwen, Oon Xin Ying, Valliyamai A/P Suppiah
Large interindividual variability and over-anticoagulation resulting bleeding complications due to narrow therapeutic index of warfarin has causes its pharmacodynamic activity to be highly variable. Studies shown that ethnicity, age and gender contribute to warfarin response variability. Good coagulation control of time in therapeutic range (TTR) > 75% was chosen to determine the average warfarin dose in atrial fibrillation (AF) among ethnicity, age and gender. Data from Warfarin Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic of selected Pulau Pinang hospitals were used for the analysis of average warfarin dose in AF among ethnicity, age and gender. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria from 2015–2016 were followed up for a year. Five hundred and seventy-six patients were included. Two hundred and ten patients had good coagulation control of TTR > 75% with mean warfarin dose of 3.05 ± 1.25 mg. Only Chinese and Indian have significant difference in average warfarin dose with 2.86 ± 1.10 mg and 4.11 ± 1.40 mg, respectively (p = 0.008). Average warfarin dose was found not significantly different among gender and age. As for TTR achievement, 210 (36.4%) were able to achieve TTR > 75%, 134 patients achieved TTR 60%–75% and 232 patients has TTR < 60%. The median day to achieve three consecutive targeted international normalised ratio (INR) is 186.5 days for atrial fibrillation patient newly started on warfarin therapy in 2015 until 2016. Indian patients required a higher warfarin dose than Chinese patients. This study found that mean warfarin doses were not affected by age and sex.
{"title":"A Multicentre Study on Average Warfarin Dose to Maintain Therapeutic International Normalised Ratio with Time in Therapeutic Range of More than 75% in Atrial Fibrillation Patients","authors":"Ang Kee Hooi, Ishmah Musfirah Nazari, Low Seow Huey, Ng Yinwen, Oon Xin Ying, Valliyamai A/P Suppiah","doi":"10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Large interindividual variability and over-anticoagulation resulting bleeding complications due to narrow therapeutic index of warfarin has causes its pharmacodynamic activity to be highly variable. Studies shown that ethnicity, age and gender contribute to warfarin response variability. Good coagulation control of time in therapeutic range (TTR) > 75% was chosen to determine the average warfarin dose in atrial fibrillation (AF) among ethnicity, age and gender. Data from Warfarin Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic of selected Pulau Pinang hospitals were used for the analysis of average warfarin dose in AF among ethnicity, age and gender. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria from 2015–2016 were followed up for a year. Five hundred and seventy-six patients were included. Two hundred and ten patients had good coagulation control of TTR > 75% with mean warfarin dose of 3.05 ± 1.25 mg. Only Chinese and Indian have significant difference in average warfarin dose with 2.86 ± 1.10 mg and 4.11 ± 1.40 mg, respectively (p = 0.008). Average warfarin dose was found not significantly different among gender and age. As for TTR achievement, 210 (36.4%) were able to achieve TTR > 75%, 134 patients achieved TTR 60%–75% and 232 patients has TTR < 60%. The median day to achieve three consecutive targeted international normalised ratio (INR) is 186.5 days for atrial fibrillation patient newly started on warfarin therapy in 2015 until 2016. Indian patients required a higher warfarin dose than Chinese patients. This study found that mean warfarin doses were not affected by age and sex.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42985526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.2
Onyambu Meshack O, Gikonyo Nicholas K, Nyambaka Hudson N, Thoithi Grace N, Okumu Tom O
Warbugia ugandensis (W. ugandensis) is among the 10 most utilised medicinal plants in East Africa. Stem bark and leaves are used as remedies for malaria, stomachache, coughs and skin diseases. Consequently, the plant is endangered because of uncontrolled harvest and lack of domestication. There is therefore fear of poor quality commercialised products due to lack of evaluation mechanisms. This study explored the chemical profiles that could be used to confirm its authenticity and purity. W. ugandensis used as reference during method development was harvested from Kenyatta University Medicinal Plant Research Garden (KUMPRG). Six other samples were obtained from different geographical locations in Kenya. The samples were identified by a botanist and a voucher specimen (MO/002- 008/2013) deposited in the East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. Samples were harvested and processed by World Health Organization (WHO) recommended methods. Chromatographic profiles of the leaf and stem bark were established based on parameters arrived at iteratively. The study characterised over 100 compounds in the leaf and stem bark. Based on area percent and known medicinal value, 22 compounds from the leaf and 38 from the stem bark were selected as major chemical profiles. The compounds in the stem bark included gamma-sitosterol (1.0%–2.5%), squalene (0.2%–4.6%), isolongifolene (1.2%–2.8%), phenol 2-methoxy (0.8%–1.8%) and nerolidol (0.3%–1.5%). Those in the leaf included nerolidol 2 (0.3%–1.1%), phytol (0.6%–1.7%), 2-methoxy phenol (0.2%– 2.2%), gamma-tocopherol (0.2%–0.9%), vitamin E (0.4%–1.5%) and gamma-sitosterol (1.8%–4.9%). Most of these compounds were characterised in W. ugandensis for the first time. The profiles therefore can form fingerprints for use to evaluate its quality, purity and authenticity.
{"title":"Development of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Fingerprints for Warburgia Ugandensis Herbal Materials","authors":"Onyambu Meshack O, Gikonyo Nicholas K, Nyambaka Hudson N, Thoithi Grace N, Okumu Tom O","doi":"10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Warbugia ugandensis (W. ugandensis) is among the 10 most utilised medicinal plants in East Africa. Stem bark and leaves are used as remedies for malaria, stomachache, coughs and skin diseases. Consequently, the plant is endangered because of uncontrolled harvest and lack of domestication. There is therefore fear of poor quality commercialised products due to lack of evaluation mechanisms. This study explored the chemical profiles that could be used to confirm its authenticity and purity. W. ugandensis used as reference during method development was harvested from Kenyatta University Medicinal Plant Research Garden (KUMPRG). Six other samples were obtained from different geographical locations in Kenya. The samples were identified by a botanist and a voucher specimen (MO/002- 008/2013) deposited in the East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. Samples were harvested and processed by World Health Organization (WHO) recommended methods. Chromatographic profiles of the leaf and stem bark were established based on parameters arrived at iteratively. The study characterised over 100 compounds in the leaf and stem bark. Based on area percent and known medicinal value, 22 compounds from the leaf and 38 from the stem bark were selected as major chemical profiles. The compounds in the stem bark included gamma-sitosterol (1.0%–2.5%), squalene (0.2%–4.6%), isolongifolene (1.2%–2.8%), phenol 2-methoxy (0.8%–1.8%) and nerolidol (0.3%–1.5%). Those in the leaf included nerolidol 2 (0.3%–1.1%), phytol (0.6%–1.7%), 2-methoxy phenol (0.2%– 2.2%), gamma-tocopherol (0.2%–0.9%), vitamin E (0.4%–1.5%) and gamma-sitosterol (1.8%–4.9%). Most of these compounds were characterised in W. ugandensis for the first time. The profiles therefore can form fingerprints for use to evaluate its quality, purity and authenticity.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44964413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.10
O. Alshargi, A. Jatau, A. Sha’aban
The burden of drug-related problems (DRPs) is becoming an issue of healthcare concern. It has been responsible for many intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and emergency department (ED) visits in Saudi Arabia. We aim to summarise available data on ED visits and ICU admissions linked to DRPs in Saudi Arabia and provide recommendations for preventive measures. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify eligible studies. The review included research on ED visits and ICU admissions linked to DRPs performed in Saudi Arabia from the database’s inception to January 2020. Study selection, data extraction and assessment were performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The initial search of literature generated 267 articles. After the study selection, 15 articles met our eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The commonly implicated DRPs were adverse drug reactions, medication non-adherence, drug overdose and drug interactions. Central nervous system drugs and cardiovascular drugs were the most frequently involved drugs. Most of these visits resulted in moderate harm. The prevalence of DRPs associated with ED visits and ICU admissions is high in Saudi Arabia. Sixteen out of a hundred ED visits and ICU admissions are related to DRPs. Therefore, the Saudi government should implement interventions to improve the awareness of rational drug use in the general public.
{"title":"Drug-Related Problems in Emergency Department Visits and Intensive Care Units at Healthcare Facilities in Saudi Arabia: A Review of the Literature","authors":"O. Alshargi, A. Jatau, A. Sha’aban","doi":"10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The burden of drug-related problems (DRPs) is becoming an issue of healthcare concern. It has been responsible for many intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and emergency department (ED) visits in Saudi Arabia. We aim to summarise available data on ED visits and ICU admissions linked to DRPs in Saudi Arabia and provide recommendations for preventive measures. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify eligible studies. The review included research on ED visits and ICU admissions linked to DRPs performed in Saudi Arabia from the database’s inception to January 2020. Study selection, data extraction and assessment were performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The initial search of literature generated 267 articles. After the study selection, 15 articles met our eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The commonly implicated DRPs were adverse drug reactions, medication non-adherence, drug overdose and drug interactions. Central nervous system drugs and cardiovascular drugs were the most frequently involved drugs. Most of these visits resulted in moderate harm. The prevalence of DRPs associated with ED visits and ICU admissions is high in Saudi Arabia. Sixteen out of a hundred ED visits and ICU admissions are related to DRPs. Therefore, the Saudi government should implement interventions to improve the awareness of rational drug use in the general public.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46397023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.5
Wafa F Badulla, Dua’a H Al-Maqdi, Ebtesam S Bamahmood
The current study conducted to evaluate the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical equivalence of the three available pharmaceutical dosage forms of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in the local markets (tablets, infusion and eye drops). Three brands for each dosage form were selected and coded as Tablets I, II, III; CIP infusion (Infusion I, II, III) and CIP eye drops (Eye drops I, II, III). Different in vitro quality control tests, physiochemical and determination of active ingredients contents were performed. All brands of tablets have a satisfactory result that complies with the pharmacopeia specification except the hardness of the tablets was more than the recommended value, and the salinity of Infusion II and III was lower than 0.9, the viscosity of the eye drops was lower than the specified value. Post-marketing surveillance is an essential issue to distinguish poor-quality medicines and must be routinely performed to weed out substandard and counterfeit medicine.
{"title":"In Vitro Biopharmaceutical and Physicochemical Evaluation of Different Brands of Ciprofloxacin Marketed in Aden-Yemen","authors":"Wafa F Badulla, Dua’a H Al-Maqdi, Ebtesam S Bamahmood","doi":"10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The current study conducted to evaluate the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical equivalence of the three available pharmaceutical dosage forms of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in the local markets (tablets, infusion and eye drops). Three brands for each dosage form were selected and coded as Tablets I, II, III; CIP infusion (Infusion I, II, III) and CIP eye drops (Eye drops I, II, III). Different in vitro quality control tests, physiochemical and determination of active ingredients contents were performed. All brands of tablets have a satisfactory result that complies with the pharmacopeia specification except the hardness of the tablets was more than the recommended value, and the salinity of Infusion II and III was lower than 0.9, the viscosity of the eye drops was lower than the specified value. Post-marketing surveillance is an essential issue to distinguish poor-quality medicines and must be routinely performed to weed out substandard and counterfeit medicine.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43915693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.4
L. Bakre, O. Olayemi, Aderinsola Dupe Adegbesan, Oluyemisi Adebowale Bamiro, O. Kunle
Genetic engineering of maize plants for improved yield, drought and pest resistance has received considerable attention in agricultural research. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of genetic modification of maize plant on some pharmaceutically relevant fundamental properties of its isolated starches. Properties of starches isolated from PVA 39 and IWD 15 maize genotypes were compared with starch from unmodified maize grains. Morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were evaluated. Swelling capacity, amylose content, pasting behaviour of the starches were also determined. SEM revealed that all the starches are largely irregular and polygonal with few round shaped granules. FTIR showed identical peaks in all the starch samples and DSC revealed higher enthalpies of starch gelatinisation from the modified grains. Modification also increased amylose content, swelling capacity and viscosity of the starches. Genetic modification increased amylose content which positively affected pharmaceutically important properties like moisture sorption and viscosity, thus, increasing their value in formulations especially as binders.
{"title":"Effect of Genetic Modification of Maize Plant on Pharmaceutically Important Properties of Its Starch","authors":"L. Bakre, O. Olayemi, Aderinsola Dupe Adegbesan, Oluyemisi Adebowale Bamiro, O. Kunle","doi":"10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic engineering of maize plants for improved yield, drought and pest resistance has received considerable attention in agricultural research. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of genetic modification of maize plant on some pharmaceutically relevant fundamental properties of its isolated starches. Properties of starches isolated from PVA 39 and IWD 15 maize genotypes were compared with starch from unmodified maize grains. Morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were evaluated. Swelling capacity, amylose content, pasting behaviour of the starches were also determined. SEM revealed that all the starches are largely irregular and polygonal with few round shaped granules. FTIR showed identical peaks in all the starch samples and DSC revealed higher enthalpies of starch gelatinisation from the modified grains. Modification also increased amylose content, swelling capacity and viscosity of the starches. Genetic modification increased amylose content which positively affected pharmaceutically important properties like moisture sorption and viscosity, thus, increasing their value in formulations especially as binders.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46860710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.21315/mjps2020.18.2.3
Ihekoronye Romanus Maduabuchi, Osemene Kanayo Patrick, Erhun Oyekigho Wilson
The study identified the types of relationship marketing (RM) practices, determined the components of RM that fostered customer loyalty (CL) and evaluated the influence of the RM components on CL in community pharmacies. It was a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacies, pharmacists, non-pharmacist staff and customers. Random sampling was employed to select 40 community pharmacies, while purposive sampling was used to select four staff from each of the community pharmacies (160). Accidental sampling was used to select 510 customers of the pharmacies. Data were obtained with the questionnaire and analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Social RM practices yielded optimal results. The RM components that were determined were trust (TR), commitment (CMT), competence (CP), communication (CM), conflict handling (CH) and accessibility, which accounted for 55.4% of the total variance that occurred in CL. All the components of RM had positive but significant influence on CL with varying magnitudes. The study revealed that the types of RM practices in community pharmacies were the giving of loyalty gifts to customers, personalised telephone CMs, calling customers by name and special greeting codes. Also, special discounts and credits were offered to certain customers in order to build relationships. All the RM components positively influenced CL. Easy A to the pharmacies and pharmacists proved to be most influential in building loyalty followed by CM. The study concluded that RM practices in community pharmacies hold a lot of promise for community pharmacies to sustain their existing customers.
{"title":"Relationship Marketing Practices in Community Pharmacies in Nigeria","authors":"Ihekoronye Romanus Maduabuchi, Osemene Kanayo Patrick, Erhun Oyekigho Wilson","doi":"10.21315/mjps2020.18.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2020.18.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The study identified the types of relationship marketing (RM) practices, determined the\u0000components of RM that fostered customer loyalty (CL) and evaluated the influence of\u0000the RM components on CL in community pharmacies. It was a cross-sectional survey\u0000of community pharmacies, pharmacists, non-pharmacist staff and customers. Random\u0000sampling was employed to select 40 community pharmacies, while purposive sampling\u0000was used to select four staff from each of the community pharmacies (160). Accidental\u0000sampling was used to select 510 customers of the pharmacies. Data were obtained with\u0000the questionnaire and analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics.\u0000Social RM practices yielded optimal results. The RM components that were determined\u0000were trust (TR), commitment (CMT), competence (CP), communication (CM), conflict\u0000handling (CH) and accessibility, which accounted for 55.4% of the total variance that\u0000occurred in CL. All the components of RM had positive but significant influence on CL\u0000with varying magnitudes. The study revealed that the types of RM practices in community pharmacies were the giving of loyalty gifts to customers, personalised telephone CMs, calling customers by name and special greeting codes. Also, special discounts and credits were offered to certain customers in order to build relationships. All the RM components positively influenced CL. Easy A to the pharmacies and pharmacists proved to be most influential in building loyalty followed by CM. The study concluded that RM practices in community pharmacies hold a lot of promise for community pharmacies to sustain their existing customers.","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42123333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.21315/mjps2020.18.1.2
H. Waheed, S. Haider, Q. Iqbal, A. Khalid, M. Hassali, M. Bashaar, F. Saleem
HIRA WAHEED1, SAJJAD HAIDER1, QAISER IQBAL1, ADNAN KHALID2, MOHAMED AZMI HASSALI3, MOHAMMAD BASHAAR4 AND FAHAD SALEEM1* 1Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan 2Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4Health Policy Analyst, SMART Afghan International Trainings & Consultancy, Afghanistan
HIRA WAHEED1, SAJJAD HAIDER1, QAISER IQBAL1, ADNAN KHALID2, MOHAMED AZMI HASSALI3, MOHAMMAD BASHAAR4 AND FAHAD SALEEM1* 1Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta、2Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4Health Policy Analyst, SMART Afghan International Trainings & Consultancy, Afghanistan
{"title":"A CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SHARED-DECISION MAKING AMONG PATIENTS VISITING PUBLIC HEALTHCARE INSTITUTE OF QUETTA CITY, PAKISTAN","authors":"H. Waheed, S. Haider, Q. Iqbal, A. Khalid, M. Hassali, M. Bashaar, F. Saleem","doi":"10.21315/mjps2020.18.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2020.18.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"HIRA WAHEED1, SAJJAD HAIDER1, QAISER IQBAL1, ADNAN KHALID2, MOHAMED AZMI HASSALI3, MOHAMMAD BASHAAR4 AND FAHAD SALEEM1* 1Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan 2Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4Health Policy Analyst, SMART Afghan International Trainings & Consultancy, Afghanistan","PeriodicalId":53358,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Waheed, S. Haider, F. Saleem, Rabia Ishaq, Muhammad Anwar, Q. Iqbal
Background: Shared decision making, occasionally called “participatory governance” is the approach in healthcare to ensure that patients have the right to participate effectively in the decision making (DM) process. Aim: The aim of this research was to discuss the external aspect of SDM and put forward applicable solutions to ensure SDM at both patient and physician levels. Methods: A standardized validated nine-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (patient version SDM-Q-9) was employed. SPSS version 25 used to perform data analysis. Multiple tests such as Mann Whitney U and Johnkheere-Terpstra were used. Kendall’s Tau was used for interpretation of the significant relationship among all items of SDM-Q9 and education. Results: A total of 465 chronically ill patients took part, where majority (63.4%) of patients was above the age of 47. The cohort was dominated by females (67.5%). 92% of the sample was married. Majority (86.9%) of the patient reported not involved in any decision. During analysis considerable association was reported between gender and all items of SDM-Q9, where more men were involved in SDM when compared with women. Our findings did produce significant association between education and SDM-Q9, which reveals that increase in education, can improve the SDM. Conclusion: Shared decision making shouldn’t be limited to chronic or emergency in practice. Specific and tailored shared medical decision making programs must be developed for low literacy population implementation. SDM is to be supported at policy and operation levels.
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