Background and objective: Zolmitriptan is among widely used medicines for the management of migraine attach, zolmitriptan is acting through stimulating serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptors that will cause cranial vasoconstriction. This study was aimed to compare and evaluate the impact of zolmitriptan on the relevant cardiovascular and renal biomarkers during hypertension in rats with experimentally induced hypertension. Methods: Twenty-four Wister albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each. The first group (Group I) of rats served as the control group. To induce hypertension, the rats in the second (Group II), third (Group III) and fourth (Group IV) groups have received an intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride CdCl2 a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The rats in Group II were considered as the positive control. Whereas, rats in Group III received zolmitriptan orally (2 mg/kg/day), and Group IV rats received nifedipine dose of 10mg/kg for two weeks concurrently with CdCl2. Results: Inducing hypertension with CdCl2 injection significantly increased the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in Group II compared with Group I, respectively. The systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in rats that received zolmitriptan did not exhibit any statistically significant differences from the rats in Group II, whereas nifedipine has significantly reduced blood pressure in group IV rats. Intraperitoneal injection of CdCl2 increased the concentrations of endothelin and nitric oxide as well as renin activity level in hypertensive Group II rats compared to control rats. Zolmitriptan administration did not produce any significant change in the endothelin and nitric oxide levels. Inducing hypertension in rats significantly reduced the corticosterone level. In contrast, administering medications in Group III and VI rats did not produce any statistically significant change in the serum concentration of corticosterone. Conclusion: Zolmitriptan administration (2 mg/kg/day, p.o) showed no statistically significant effects on the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in rats with experimentally induced hypertension. Zolmitriptan has also failed to produce any statistically significant change in the levels of endothelin-1, renin, nitric oxide, corticosterone, and serum creatinine in rats with hypertension.
{"title":"Effect of zolmitriptan on blood pressure-relevant cardiovascular biomarkers in rats with experimentally induced hypertension","authors":"Rojgar H Ali","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Zolmitriptan is among widely used medicines for the management of migraine attach, zolmitriptan is acting through stimulating serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptors that will cause cranial vasoconstriction. This study was aimed to compare and evaluate the impact of zolmitriptan on the relevant cardiovascular and renal biomarkers during hypertension in rats with experimentally induced hypertension. Methods: Twenty-four Wister albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each. The first group (Group I) of rats served as the control group. To induce hypertension, the rats in the second (Group II), third (Group III) and fourth (Group IV) groups have received an intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride CdCl2 a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The rats in Group II were considered as the positive control. Whereas, rats in Group III received zolmitriptan orally (2 mg/kg/day), and Group IV rats received nifedipine dose of 10mg/kg for two weeks concurrently with CdCl2. Results: Inducing hypertension with CdCl2 injection significantly increased the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in Group II compared with Group I, respectively. The systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in rats that received zolmitriptan did not exhibit any statistically significant differences from the rats in Group II, whereas nifedipine has significantly reduced blood pressure in group IV rats. Intraperitoneal injection of CdCl2 increased the concentrations of endothelin and nitric oxide as well as renin activity level in hypertensive Group II rats compared to control rats. Zolmitriptan administration did not produce any significant change in the endothelin and nitric oxide levels. Inducing hypertension in rats significantly reduced the corticosterone level. In contrast, administering medications in Group III and VI rats did not produce any statistically significant change in the serum concentration of corticosterone. Conclusion: Zolmitriptan administration (2 mg/kg/day, p.o) showed no statistically significant effects on the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in rats with experimentally induced hypertension. Zolmitriptan has also failed to produce any statistically significant change in the levels of endothelin-1, renin, nitric oxide, corticosterone, and serum creatinine in rats with hypertension.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45353154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common primary thyroid cancer. PTC diagnosis is based on the presence of classic nuclear features in most cases. However, there are some mimics including both benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, therefore immune-histochemical stains are necessary for equivocal cases. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic expression of CK19 in different thyroid lesions and also to differentiate PTC from other mimicking thyroid lesions. Methods: A retrospective study of 90 cases of different thyroid lesions (56 patients with benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and 34 PTC) was investigated from January 2018 to January 2020. Immunohistochemical staining with CK19 was performed. Results: CK19 IHC expressed in about 94% of PTC cases as moderate and strong pattern of staining, while in benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions only 7% expressed as moderate and non with strong pattern of staining, it showed a significant statistical difference (P <0.001).The sensitivity and specificity of CK19 total estimated score for diagnosis of PTC were 94.1% and 92.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Although no single immunohistochemical marker is completely sensitive in differentiating benign from thyroid malignancy, this study found a significant and effective role of CK19 in distinguishing PTC from benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic mimickers’ lesions. In addition, lymph node metastatic tumor cells retained the same staining intensity of CK19.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Expression of Cytokeratin 19 in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and its Mimics in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"T. Dizeyi","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common primary thyroid cancer. PTC diagnosis is based on the presence of classic nuclear features in most cases. However, there are some mimics including both benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, therefore immune-histochemical stains are necessary for equivocal cases. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic expression of CK19 in different thyroid lesions and also to differentiate PTC from other mimicking thyroid lesions. Methods: A retrospective study of 90 cases of different thyroid lesions (56 patients with benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and 34 PTC) was investigated from January 2018 to January 2020. Immunohistochemical staining with CK19 was performed. Results: CK19 IHC expressed in about 94% of PTC cases as moderate and strong pattern of staining, while in benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions only 7% expressed as moderate and non with strong pattern of staining, it showed a significant statistical difference (P <0.001).The sensitivity and specificity of CK19 total estimated score for diagnosis of PTC were 94.1% and 92.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Although no single immunohistochemical marker is completely sensitive in differentiating benign from thyroid malignancy, this study found a significant and effective role of CK19 in distinguishing PTC from benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic mimickers’ lesions. In addition, lymph node metastatic tumor cells retained the same staining intensity of CK19.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42868014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Medical complications are accepted to be an imperative issue after acute stroke and show potential restrictions to optimal improvement. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of acute phase complications after stroke. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1st August -to 31st December 2019. A convenience sample of 203 stroke patients attending Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq was taken. Patients were followed-up daily and the complications were recorded. Results: The mean age ± SD of complicated patients was 65.86 ± 15.34 years, while of uncomplicated patients was 63.0 ± 14.72 years. The results revealed that the most common complication of the stroke patients was pain (45.4%), fever (30.3%) and the least ones were urinary traction infection (0.7%) and deep vein thrombosis (0.7%). The results found that 82.4% of the female stroke patients were complicated, while 66.3% of the males were complicated and there was statistically significant association (P = 0.008) between the development of complications and gender, also the rate of complications among illiterate and primary and secondary school patients were 78.4% and 68.3%, respectively while among university patients was 44.4% and there was statistically significant association (P = 0.041) between the development of complication and the educational level of patients. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that post stroke neuro-medical complications are common as concluded in previous studies with few contrasts. The form of these complications is comparable with other setups.
{"title":"Early Complications of Stroke in Hospitalized Patients in Erbil","authors":"Azad Hamad, K. Ismail, Rashid H. Bibani","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Medical complications are accepted to be an imperative issue after acute stroke and show potential restrictions to optimal improvement. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of acute phase complications after stroke. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1st August -to 31st December 2019. A convenience sample of 203 stroke patients attending Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq was taken. Patients were followed-up daily and the complications were recorded. Results: The mean age ± SD of complicated patients was 65.86 ± 15.34 years, while of uncomplicated patients was 63.0 ± 14.72 years. The results revealed that the most common complication of the stroke patients was pain (45.4%), fever (30.3%) and the least ones were urinary traction infection (0.7%) and deep vein thrombosis (0.7%). The results found that 82.4% of the female stroke patients were complicated, while 66.3% of the males were complicated and there was statistically significant association (P = 0.008) between the development of complications and gender, also the rate of complications among illiterate and primary and secondary school patients were 78.4% and 68.3%, respectively while among university patients was 44.4% and there was statistically significant association (P = 0.041) between the development of complication and the educational level of patients. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that post stroke neuro-medical complications are common as concluded in previous studies with few contrasts. The form of these complications is comparable with other setups.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41846803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Many clinical trials have revealed that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have anti-inflammatory effects through their pleiotropic activities there by decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study intended to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin on the level of inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, sCD40L, Lp-PLA2, and cystatin C) in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wister rats were divided into two groups of twelve. Group 1 consisted of normotensive rats, while Group 2 served as the hypertensive model. Each group was further subdivided into two groups. Subgroup A served as the control group which received the only placebo and subgroup B was the treatment arm which received rosuvastatin 10mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. Results: Rosuvastatin did not significantly affect blood pressure and heart rate in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. The level of inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, and Lp-PLA2) significantly increased in hypertensive rats, while the level of both sCD40L and cystatin C did not change. Rosuvastatin lowered the level of IL-6, sCD40L, Lp-PLA2, and cystatin C significantly in hypertensive model rats. However, the level of hsCRP was non-significantly reduced by rosuvastatin. In normotensive rats treated with rosuvastatin, the level of cystatin C was significantly reduced. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin significantly decreased the level of IL-6, Lp-PLA2, sCD40L, and cystatin C in hypertensive rats while in normotensive rats, rosuvastatin treatment produced only a reduction of cystatin C. Our results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of rosuvastatin in hypertention through reduction of inflammatory markers.
{"title":"The impact of rosuvastatin on inflammatory markers in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats","authors":"Kawa F Dizaye, Begard Berzinji","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Many clinical trials have revealed that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have anti-inflammatory effects through their pleiotropic activities there by decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study intended to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin on the level of inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, sCD40L, Lp-PLA2, and cystatin C) in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wister rats were divided into two groups of twelve. Group 1 consisted of normotensive rats, while Group 2 served as the hypertensive model. Each group was further subdivided into two groups. Subgroup A served as the control group which received the only placebo and subgroup B was the treatment arm which received rosuvastatin 10mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. Results: Rosuvastatin did not significantly affect blood pressure and heart rate in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. The level of inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, and Lp-PLA2) significantly increased in hypertensive rats, while the level of both sCD40L and cystatin C did not change. Rosuvastatin lowered the level of IL-6, sCD40L, Lp-PLA2, and cystatin C significantly in hypertensive model rats. However, the level of hsCRP was non-significantly reduced by rosuvastatin. In normotensive rats treated with rosuvastatin, the level of cystatin C was significantly reduced. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin significantly decreased the level of IL-6, Lp-PLA2, sCD40L, and cystatin C in hypertensive rats while in normotensive rats, rosuvastatin treatment produced only a reduction of cystatin C. Our results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of rosuvastatin in hypertention through reduction of inflammatory markers.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43946347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Hypertension is a growing public health problem worldwide; hypertensive patients experience negative emotions, which in particular may increase the risk for mental health instabilities. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of anxiety and depression among hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a clinic from May 1st to October 1st, 2021 in the city of Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, among 286 hypertensive patients, for assessing the level of association of hypertension with depression and anxiety. Results: A total of 286 participants were included, the mean age was 61.2 ± 12 years, and the age range was 33 to 88 years. More than half (57.3%) of the patients were females, 55.9% of patients had a form of Ischemic Heart Disease (including stable and unstable angina, obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease) and 39.9% of them were diabetic. It was found that depression was higher among females (26.3%) than male patients (18%) (P = 0.002). Anxiety was more prevalent among females (24.4%), while only 8.2% of male hypertensive cases had anxiety (P = 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the hypertensive patients had depression and anxiety. The rate was higher among women than men.
{"title":"Appraisement of Mental Health Manifestations among Hypertensive Patients","authors":"S. Yousif","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Hypertension is a growing public health problem worldwide; hypertensive patients experience negative emotions, which in particular may increase the risk for mental health instabilities. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of anxiety and depression among hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a clinic from May 1st to October 1st, 2021 in the city of Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, among 286 hypertensive patients, for assessing the level of association of hypertension with depression and anxiety. Results: A total of 286 participants were included, the mean age was 61.2 ± 12 years, and the age range was 33 to 88 years. More than half (57.3%) of the patients were females, 55.9% of patients had a form of Ischemic Heart Disease (including stable and unstable angina, obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease) and 39.9% of them were diabetic. It was found that depression was higher among females (26.3%) than male patients (18%) (P = 0.002). Anxiety was more prevalent among females (24.4%), while only 8.2% of male hypertensive cases had anxiety (P = 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the hypertensive patients had depression and anxiety. The rate was higher among women than men.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a mathematical method logarithmically ratio between concentrations of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol, AIP= Log (TG/HDL), so AIP increase with increase triglycerides and reversible with HDL level. The aim of this study is to evaluation the AIP as a stronger biomarker of atherosclerosis among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: This was a cross sectional-study contacted. A total of 65 patients of type 2 diabetic patient group from Laila Qasim Center for Diabetes in Erbil City collection of blood samples from 65 patients of type 2 diabetic patient group from Laila Qasim Center for Diabetes in Erbil City, compared with 50 healthy volunteers (control group). Blood samples were collected into serum separation tube (gel tube) and (K3EDTA) tube, allowed gel tube to clot at room temperature for 5 minutes then centrifuged at 4000 round per minute (rpm). The separated serum was used immediately for biochemical tests and all the laboratory investigation analysis were carried out from 2nd January to 2nd August 2021. Results: The results of this study found that the level of serum glucose, HbA1C, albumin, CRP, and AIP in diabetics were significantly higher than healthy group, while decreasing S. HDL in diabetic patients compare with healthy individuals. Conclusion: The study detected high level of AIP in type 2 DM patients. Accordingly, patients with type 2 DM should be followed up with regular dietary lipid intake, take lipid lowering drugs, with exercise in order to diminish AIP.
{"title":"Atherogenic index of plasma as a biomarker of atherogenecity in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Erbil city","authors":"Sardar Yousif, R. Ali","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a mathematical method logarithmically ratio between concentrations of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol, AIP= Log (TG/HDL), so AIP increase with increase triglycerides and reversible with HDL level. The aim of this study is to evaluation the AIP as a stronger biomarker of atherosclerosis among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: This was a cross sectional-study contacted. A total of 65 patients of type 2 diabetic patient group from Laila Qasim Center for Diabetes in Erbil City collection of blood samples from 65 patients of type 2 diabetic patient group from Laila Qasim Center for Diabetes in Erbil City, compared with 50 healthy volunteers (control group). Blood samples were collected into serum separation tube (gel tube) and (K3EDTA) tube, allowed gel tube to clot at room temperature for 5 minutes then centrifuged at 4000 round per minute (rpm). The separated serum was used immediately for biochemical tests and all the laboratory investigation analysis were carried out from 2nd January to 2nd August 2021. Results: The results of this study found that the level of serum glucose, HbA1C, albumin, CRP, and AIP in diabetics were significantly higher than healthy group, while decreasing S. HDL in diabetic patients compare with healthy individuals. Conclusion: The study detected high level of AIP in type 2 DM patients. Accordingly, patients with type 2 DM should be followed up with regular dietary lipid intake, take lipid lowering drugs, with exercise in order to diminish AIP.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48451557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatima Riaz, Reham Alshahrani, Ayoub Al Shaikh, Yahya Alqahtani, R. Bharti, M. Alshahrani, E. Paul, S. Anandhalakhshmi, Shehata Farag, Jaswinder Singh
Background and objective: Oral health is one of the essential elements of the overall health status of the people. Dental hygiene and dental diseases concern to have a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to know the proportion self-perception of dental problems and their relation with the socio-demographic characteristics among female students at intermediate governmental schools in Abha. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among girls students of two intermediate government schools of Abha city during October 2016 to April 2017 academic year by using self-administered questionnaire and informed verbal consent was obtained, using simple random sampling techniques for choosing 400 students. Results: Mean age of the students was 12.30±1.82, 163(41%) of students were 12-13 years of age and 200(50%) from 1st year of intermediate scholastic year. Almost all students belong to nuclear family system and 64%lived in rented houses. Working status of father and mothers was 94% and 53% respectively, 88% family’s monthly income >10000 SAR/per month, 203 (51%) fathers and 171 (43%) mothers had secondary school or higher education. Illiteracy was 13% among fathers and 19% among mothers. The proportion of self-perceived dental problems was 43% among students, malocclusion of teeth was most frequent while bad smell was the least frequent complaints among all dental problems. Only 38% of the students were considering dental problem as a serious problem. Dental problems were found to have significantly (P value <0.001) associated with age, scholastic year, father’s education and occupation, and income. Conclusion: It is concluded that although prevalence of dental problems were higher but frequency of self-perceived problems were much lower which highlighted that there is need to increase the awareness of dental problems among population to have a better general health status.
{"title":"Self-Perception of dental problems among intermediate school children in Abha, KSA","authors":"Fatima Riaz, Reham Alshahrani, Ayoub Al Shaikh, Yahya Alqahtani, R. Bharti, M. Alshahrani, E. Paul, S. Anandhalakhshmi, Shehata Farag, Jaswinder Singh","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.005","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Oral health is one of the essential elements of the overall health status of the people. Dental hygiene and dental diseases concern to have a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to know the proportion self-perception of dental problems and their relation with the socio-demographic characteristics among female students at intermediate governmental schools in Abha. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among girls students of two intermediate government schools of Abha city during October 2016 to April 2017 academic year by using self-administered questionnaire and informed verbal consent was obtained, using simple random sampling techniques for choosing 400 students. Results: Mean age of the students was 12.30±1.82, 163(41%) of students were 12-13 years of age and 200(50%) from 1st year of intermediate scholastic year. Almost all students belong to nuclear family system and 64%lived in rented houses. Working status of father and mothers was 94% and 53% respectively, 88% family’s monthly income >10000 SAR/per month, 203 (51%) fathers and 171 (43%) mothers had secondary school or higher education. Illiteracy was 13% among fathers and 19% among mothers. The proportion of self-perceived dental problems was 43% among students, malocclusion of teeth was most frequent while bad smell was the least frequent complaints among all dental problems. Only 38% of the students were considering dental problem as a serious problem. Dental problems were found to have significantly (P value <0.001) associated with age, scholastic year, father’s education and occupation, and income. Conclusion: It is concluded that although prevalence of dental problems were higher but frequency of self-perceived problems were much lower which highlighted that there is need to increase the awareness of dental problems among population to have a better general health status.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42414286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Gastric ulcer is an important health risk for a human. It is a painful sore in the stomach lining. It is relatively easy to cure, but can cause significant problems if left un-treated. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for millions of people worldwide; however, as their consequences most of individuals suffer from gastric ulcers and related complications. Diclofenac sodium is a medication from NSAIDs class of drugs, is used to relieve joint pain from arthritis but when used chronically, it may cause bleeding and ulcers in the stomach or intestine. This study aimed to test the safety and the antiulcer activity of a new bioisosteric derivative of diclofenac sodium on a rat model. Methods: 2-Cumaranone 1 had been utilized to prepare the propanamides 2a-e then after the bioisosteric diaryl ethers 3a-e synthesized; then its purity was characterized on the basis of IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectral data. Acute toxicity on albino mice was performed to ensure the safety and an experimental rat model was used to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity. Kidney and liver functions tests were measured, ulcer measurements were reported and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels were tested. Results: Unlike diclofenac sodium, the bioisosteric diaryl ethers 3a-e is less acidic and produces less damage to the stomach wall. In addition, the structure of amide derivative is also bulky thus it is more selective to cyclooxygenase ΙΙ enzyme thus the risk of gastric ulcer was less than with diclofenac sodium itself. Conclusion: Unlike diclofenac, amide derivative of diclofenac is less acidic than diclofenac thus it produces less damage to the stomach wall.
{"title":"New bioisosteric derivative of diclofenac sodium resolute gastric ulcer in rats through regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines “Tumor necrosis factor alpha and Inter-leukin-1”","authors":"Zahra Alnajar","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.022","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Gastric ulcer is an important health risk for a human. It is a painful sore in the stomach lining. It is relatively easy to cure, but can cause significant problems if left un-treated. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for millions of people worldwide; however, as their consequences most of individuals suffer from gastric ulcers and related complications. Diclofenac sodium is a medication from NSAIDs class of drugs, is used to relieve joint pain from arthritis but when used chronically, it may cause bleeding and ulcers in the stomach or intestine. This study aimed to test the safety and the antiulcer activity of a new bioisosteric derivative of diclofenac sodium on a rat model. Methods: 2-Cumaranone 1 had been utilized to prepare the propanamides 2a-e then after the bioisosteric diaryl ethers 3a-e synthesized; then its purity was characterized on the basis of IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectral data. Acute toxicity on albino mice was performed to ensure the safety and an experimental rat model was used to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity. Kidney and liver functions tests were measured, ulcer measurements were reported and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels were tested. Results: Unlike diclofenac sodium, the bioisosteric diaryl ethers 3a-e is less acidic and produces less damage to the stomach wall. In addition, the structure of amide derivative is also bulky thus it is more selective to cyclooxygenase ΙΙ enzyme thus the risk of gastric ulcer was less than with diclofenac sodium itself. Conclusion: Unlike diclofenac, amide derivative of diclofenac is less acidic than diclofenac thus it produces less damage to the stomach wall.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease is an inflammation in the natal cleft of the sacrococcygeal region, which develops to abscesses and sinus formation. The incidence of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease notably increased in the last 50 years, however, there is no accurate data about the frequency of the disease and incidence rate among the Kurdistan region-Iraq population. In this study, we have introduced a simplified off-midline surgical technique without flap reconstruction. The main objective was to find out the rate of postoperative complications, hospitalization time, the recovery time to daily activity and work, and esthetic satisfaction. Methods: This study was conducted in Kurdistan region, Iraq from March 2016 to September 2019 on individuals suffering from sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. Two hundred ninety-eight individuals from different gender and ages enrolled for operation by modified simple closure of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. Results: The median age of the patients was 22.4 years (24.1 male and 20.5 female). 33.9% of our patients were female students (P = 0.002). Most of the patients (89.2%) did not have postoperative complications. However, wound infection was detected in 3.0% of patients. Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease recurred in 5.4% of patients; furthermore, the disease recurred twice in 7 females (2.4%). All the recurrences happened in the patients that had a severe form of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. Conclusion: Significant number of our patients were students, and female students for unclear reasons are at risk in our region. The post-surgical complications only occur in patients with a severe form of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. In terms of simplicity, hospitalization time, the recovery time to daily activity and work, esthetic satisfaction, and post-surgical complications, our surgery technique was superior to other open wound surgery such as V-Y Advancement flap, and Karydakis flap.
{"title":"Closure of pilonidal sinus by the modified off-midline method in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"Dawan J. Hawezy, A. Kareem","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.023","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease is an inflammation in the natal cleft of the sacrococcygeal region, which develops to abscesses and sinus formation. The incidence of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease notably increased in the last 50 years, however, there is no accurate data about the frequency of the disease and incidence rate among the Kurdistan region-Iraq population. In this study, we have introduced a simplified off-midline surgical technique without flap reconstruction. The main objective was to find out the rate of postoperative complications, hospitalization time, the recovery time to daily activity and work, and esthetic satisfaction. Methods: This study was conducted in Kurdistan region, Iraq from March 2016 to September 2019 on individuals suffering from sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. Two hundred ninety-eight individuals from different gender and ages enrolled for operation by modified simple closure of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. Results: The median age of the patients was 22.4 years (24.1 male and 20.5 female). 33.9% of our patients were female students (P = 0.002). Most of the patients (89.2%) did not have postoperative complications. However, wound infection was detected in 3.0% of patients. Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease recurred in 5.4% of patients; furthermore, the disease recurred twice in 7 females (2.4%). All the recurrences happened in the patients that had a severe form of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. Conclusion: Significant number of our patients were students, and female students for unclear reasons are at risk in our region. The post-surgical complications only occur in patients with a severe form of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. In terms of simplicity, hospitalization time, the recovery time to daily activity and work, esthetic satisfaction, and post-surgical complications, our surgery technique was superior to other open wound surgery such as V-Y Advancement flap, and Karydakis flap.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42802385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Community immunity to bring the COVID-19 pandemic to an end will be achieved by a successful vaccination against COVID-19. All university students in Kurdistan Regional Government were required to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this study is to identify the university students’ perspectives about the COVID-19 vaccination and their willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study using self-administered online survey was conducted among the university students from 14th to 28th February 2022. All undergraduate students at different Colleges of Hawler Medical University were invited to take part in the study. A convenience sampling method was applied to reach the sample through using Google form. Results: In total, 644 students participated in the study; around half (47.5%) of them have received the vaccine. There were significant statistical associations between selected students’ characteristics and their COVID-19 vaccination status. The following factors were associated with high rate of vaccination: students aged older than 20 years old (P = 0.01), being male (P = 0.037), senior students (P ˂0.001), being infected with the COVID-19 infection (P = 0.048), and having family members with chronic disease (P = 0.003). Conclusion: The current study revealed significant findings as the majority of students were still unvaccinated at a time where the COVID-19 vaccines were available to them. Having concern about serious side effects of the vaccine and its safety were the main reasons for vaccine avoidance, whereas, requiring students to be vaccinated by the place where they study was the main reason to take the vaccine. Future studies further exploring the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and avoidance seems essential.
{"title":"University students’ perspectives on COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"K. M-Amen","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.030","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Community immunity to bring the COVID-19 pandemic to an end will be achieved by a successful vaccination against COVID-19. All university students in Kurdistan Regional Government were required to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this study is to identify the university students’ perspectives about the COVID-19 vaccination and their willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study using self-administered online survey was conducted among the university students from 14th to 28th February 2022. All undergraduate students at different Colleges of Hawler Medical University were invited to take part in the study. A convenience sampling method was applied to reach the sample through using Google form. Results: In total, 644 students participated in the study; around half (47.5%) of them have received the vaccine. There were significant statistical associations between selected students’ characteristics and their COVID-19 vaccination status. The following factors were associated with high rate of vaccination: students aged older than 20 years old (P = 0.01), being male (P = 0.037), senior students (P ˂0.001), being infected with the COVID-19 infection (P = 0.048), and having family members with chronic disease (P = 0.003). Conclusion: The current study revealed significant findings as the majority of students were still unvaccinated at a time where the COVID-19 vaccines were available to them. Having concern about serious side effects of the vaccine and its safety were the main reasons for vaccine avoidance, whereas, requiring students to be vaccinated by the place where they study was the main reason to take the vaccine. Future studies further exploring the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and avoidance seems essential.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47603878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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