Background and objective: Wound healing is a dynamic process that can be compromised in patients with chronic and metabolic conditions or unhealthy lifestyles. Objectives of study is to demonstrate a hyaluronate-containing supramolecular structure which enhances repalysYAL®cream effectiveness, sodium chloride with thymine (T-LysYal®); 1) notable progress in the healing of wounds. 2) the production of minuscule collagen strands 3) a shorter recovery period. Methods: Case study, the test group received standard treatment followed by lysine cream to indicate the size and depth ulcer from the 1st week to the 3rd week. Our patients were a 1-year child and 29 years old male who presented with a second degree of total body surface area (TBSA) burn and skin grafts at the burn center of Rozhawa Hospital/ Hawler/Iraq. The observations were approved by the Ethics committee college of pharmacy in compliance with the ethical standard. Initially assessed as superficial partial-thickness in-depth, the wounds were treated conservatively with dressings and repalysYAL® cream 2-3 times per day; however, represents the healing process in short-term individual therapy. Results: In case 1; The patient had been exposed to flash deep burn to the right palm (thermal injury) mainly of superficial partial thickness; any necrotic tissue present needs to be removed to take full advantage of the product’s potential. When (repalysYAL®) cream is used, there will be a physiological increase in the exudate, which will have to be managed to avoid maceration. While in case 2;The patient presented surgical wound dehiscence in the inner compartment of the left foot with leakage of purulent material and signs of necrotizing fasciitis. with using (repalysYAL®) cream, the wound reduces scar formation due to 90% and increase fibroblast by 30% when a blood vessel is formed to which blood is supplied, the cells are cultivated and divided to form new tissue and an organ. Conclusion: Signaling pathways that induce cellular and tissue responses after injury, which may be impeded during chronic wound healing, were greatly improved using lysine cream as a therapy.
{"title":"The effect of T-lysine cream on the wound healing process","authors":"Asmaa Awni Haydar","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Wound healing is a dynamic process that can be compromised in patients with chronic and metabolic conditions or unhealthy lifestyles. Objectives of study is to demonstrate a hyaluronate-containing supramolecular structure which enhances repalysYAL®cream effectiveness, sodium chloride with thymine (T-LysYal®); 1) notable progress in the healing of wounds. 2) the production of minuscule collagen strands 3) a shorter recovery period. Methods: Case study, the test group received standard treatment followed by lysine cream to indicate the size and depth ulcer from the 1st week to the 3rd week. Our patients were a 1-year child and 29 years old male who presented with a second degree of total body surface area (TBSA) burn and skin grafts at the burn center of Rozhawa Hospital/ Hawler/Iraq. The observations were approved by the Ethics committee college of pharmacy in compliance with the ethical standard. Initially assessed as superficial partial-thickness in-depth, the wounds were treated conservatively with dressings and repalysYAL® cream 2-3 times per day; however, represents the healing process in short-term individual therapy. Results: In case 1; The patient had been exposed to flash deep burn to the right palm (thermal injury) mainly of superficial partial thickness; any necrotic tissue present needs to be removed to take full advantage of the product’s potential. When (repalysYAL®) cream is used, there will be a physiological increase in the exudate, which will have to be managed to avoid maceration. While in case 2;The patient presented surgical wound dehiscence in the inner compartment of the left foot with leakage of purulent material and signs of necrotizing fasciitis. with using (repalysYAL®) cream, the wound reduces scar formation due to 90% and increase fibroblast by 30% when a blood vessel is formed to which blood is supplied, the cells are cultivated and divided to form new tissue and an organ. Conclusion: Signaling pathways that induce cellular and tissue responses after injury, which may be impeded during chronic wound healing, were greatly improved using lysine cream as a therapy.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: The leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally is coronary artery disease (CAD). One of the recent new parameters for evaluating CAD is Serum GGT, which has been shown to be a predictor of coronary artery status irrespective of the traditional cardiovascular risk variables. This study aimed to evaluate and assess the correlation between serum GGT and other variables among patients with CAD in comparison with healthy subjects. Methods: A case-control prospective study. Subjects were grouped into Group I (CAD patients-117 individuals) and Group II (healthy Subjects-83 individuals) based on their Coronary Angiographic profile at surgical specialty Hospital-Cardiac Center-Erbil/Iraq. Parameters of S. GGT, S. total cholesterol, S.HDL-C, S.LDL-C, S. VLDL-C, and S.TG, S. (25)OH vitamin D, serum troponin T, S.CK-MB, and CRP were assessed for both groups. Results: The study population included 58% of male and 42% of female participants, with an age range of 30-77, with a mean of 56.13± 10.5 years old. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient of serum GGT with other variables showed that the relation between serum GGT with VLDL-C, CRP, and Triglyceride among CAD patients was found to be a weakly positive correlation and statistically significant (r=0.3, P = 0.004), (r=0.2, P = 0.031), and (r=0.3, P = 0.007) respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed that S.GGT as a new potential biochemical marker for preclinical atherosclerosis, would be a useful and important marker for assessing and evaluating risk factors of coronary artery disease and to further evaluations for CAD.
{"title":"Evaluation of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase among patients with coronary artery disease in Erbil city","authors":"Shadan Neemat, Kamaran Y. Muhammad Amin","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally is coronary artery disease (CAD). One of the recent new parameters for evaluating CAD is Serum GGT, which has been shown to be a predictor of coronary artery status irrespective of the traditional cardiovascular risk variables. This study aimed to evaluate and assess the correlation between serum GGT and other variables among patients with CAD in comparison with healthy subjects. Methods: A case-control prospective study. Subjects were grouped into Group I (CAD patients-117 individuals) and Group II (healthy Subjects-83 individuals) based on their Coronary Angiographic profile at surgical specialty Hospital-Cardiac Center-Erbil/Iraq. Parameters of S. GGT, S. total cholesterol, S.HDL-C, S.LDL-C, S. VLDL-C, and S.TG, S. (25)OH vitamin D, serum troponin T, S.CK-MB, and CRP were assessed for both groups. Results: The study population included 58% of male and 42% of female participants, with an age range of 30-77, with a mean of 56.13± 10.5 years old. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient of serum GGT with other variables showed that the relation between serum GGT with VLDL-C, CRP, and Triglyceride among CAD patients was found to be a weakly positive correlation and statistically significant (r=0.3, P = 0.004), (r=0.2, P = 0.031), and (r=0.3, P = 0.007) respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed that S.GGT as a new potential biochemical marker for preclinical atherosclerosis, would be a useful and important marker for assessing and evaluating risk factors of coronary artery disease and to further evaluations for CAD.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clonal, mature B-cell neoplasm, its clinical features, cell morphology, and immunophenotyping are used to establish the diagnosis. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is the most accurate procedure for diagnosing CLL, there is no single marker exclusively expressed in CLL, however, a complex of immunophenotypic markers that incorporates several B-cell markers and assists in differentiating CLL from other mature B-cell neoplasms, the expression of these immunophenotypic markers is considered in the specific CLL scoring system (Moreue scoring system).this study aimed to assess the clinico – hematological features and immunophenotypic characteristics of CLL patients and to assess the role of immunophenotyping in the differential diagnosis of CLL. Methods: an observational prospective and retrospective study was carried out at Nanakaly hospital for blood diseases and oncology in Erbil city, Iraq. That was conducted on 100 patients newly diagnosed with mature B cell neoplasm which included 68 cases of CLL and 32 cases with other mature B cell neoplasm (MBN), usinga convenience sampling method. The study period was from the1st of September 2021 to the end of April 2022. An interview questionnaire was used to collect the study data from the patients. Results: The mean of age ± standard deviation of the CLL patients (58.85 ± 10.69) years and (66.2%) was male, The most frequent clinical presentations for CLL cases were fatigue (50%), lymphadenopathy (41.2%), and splenomegaly (41.2%), (50%) of CLL patients had anemia, thrombocytopenia was seen in (32.4%) and leukocytosis was seen (98.5%), all patients had lymphocytosis and (97%) had an absolute B lymphocyte count of more than 5 x109 /L. all the studied CLL patients expressed both CD45 and CD19 markers, the expression of the immunophenotypic markers was as following: CD5 (98.5%), CD23 (97.1%) and CD200 (97.1%), Half of the patients (50%) showed expression of monoclonal lambda light chain, sIgM (4.4%), CD20 (88.2%) and CD43 (54.4%) and CD38 (26.5%). The expression of the following marker had a significant role in the differentiation between CLL and other MBN: CD5, CD23, CD79b, FMC7, sIgM, CD200, and CD43. Conclusion: Our results have shown that the clinical presentations and hematological profile of Iraqi CLL patients were not significantly different from that of previous local and global studies, the distinct immunophenotyping, as well as it has been found that immunophenotyping is a promising method for supporting the clinical and morphological characterization of CLL.
{"title":"Study of immunophenotypic markers and clinico-hematological findings in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","authors":"Ansam Mazin Butrous, Newsherwan Sadiq Muhammad","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.028","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clonal, mature B-cell neoplasm, its clinical features, cell morphology, and immunophenotyping are used to establish the diagnosis. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is the most accurate procedure for diagnosing CLL, there is no single marker exclusively expressed in CLL, however, a complex of immunophenotypic markers that incorporates several B-cell markers and assists in differentiating CLL from other mature B-cell neoplasms, the expression of these immunophenotypic markers is considered in the specific CLL scoring system (Moreue scoring system).this study aimed to assess the clinico – hematological features and immunophenotypic characteristics of CLL patients and to assess the role of immunophenotyping in the differential diagnosis of CLL. Methods: an observational prospective and retrospective study was carried out at Nanakaly hospital for blood diseases and oncology in Erbil city, Iraq. That was conducted on 100 patients newly diagnosed with mature B cell neoplasm which included 68 cases of CLL and 32 cases with other mature B cell neoplasm (MBN), usinga convenience sampling method. The study period was from the1st of September 2021 to the end of April 2022. An interview questionnaire was used to collect the study data from the patients. Results: The mean of age ± standard deviation of the CLL patients (58.85 ± 10.69) years and (66.2%) was male, The most frequent clinical presentations for CLL cases were fatigue (50%), lymphadenopathy (41.2%), and splenomegaly (41.2%), (50%) of CLL patients had anemia, thrombocytopenia was seen in (32.4%) and leukocytosis was seen (98.5%), all patients had lymphocytosis and (97%) had an absolute B lymphocyte count of more than 5 x109 /L. all the studied CLL patients expressed both CD45 and CD19 markers, the expression of the immunophenotypic markers was as following: CD5 (98.5%), CD23 (97.1%) and CD200 (97.1%), Half of the patients (50%) showed expression of monoclonal lambda light chain, sIgM (4.4%), CD20 (88.2%) and CD43 (54.4%) and CD38 (26.5%). The expression of the following marker had a significant role in the differentiation between CLL and other MBN: CD5, CD23, CD79b, FMC7, sIgM, CD200, and CD43. Conclusion: Our results have shown that the clinical presentations and hematological profile of Iraqi CLL patients were not significantly different from that of previous local and global studies, the distinct immunophenotyping, as well as it has been found that immunophenotyping is a promising method for supporting the clinical and morphological characterization of CLL.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lava kareem Shwani, Nawsherwan Sadiq Muhammad, Hiwa Hassan Hamza
Background and objective: Worldwide immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FCM) in acute leukemia (AL) is the golden step in the diagnosis. It’s very common for acute leukemias to aberrantly express antigens or cluster of differentiation (CD) markers which are usually expressed in other lineages of the disease hence this study aimed at determining the prevalence of aberrancy in AL and to find out the frequency of each aberrant CD marker and their association with the clinic-hematological profile of the cases. Methods: Following history and clinical examination of enrolled patients, blood and/or bone marrow aspirate was drawn for morphological examination and immunophenotyping by FCM from 86 newly diagnosed acute leukemia cases then multiple steps procedure was applied followed by interpretation of the results. Results: The prevalence of aberrant phenotype was 46.5%. The proportional frequency of aberrant phenotype in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was 41%, in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was 48.8% and in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) was 66.6%. The commonest aberrant CD markers in AML were CD22 and CD2, in B-ALL were CD66c and CD13 while in T-ALL were CD13 and CD33. The aberrant phenotype harbored lower white blood cell (WBC) count and blast percentage in PB, also splenomegaly was more frequent in lymphoid positive (Ly+) AML and myeloid positive (My+) T-ALL while in B-ALL, splenomegaly was more frequent in myeloid negative (My-) B-ALL. Conclusion: Aberrant phenotype prevalence in our study sample was comparable to other studies, considerable frequency of aberrant markers is present in cases of AL and some variations exist regarding the clinical and hematological profile of the aberrant group.
{"title":"Evaluation of aberrant expression of CD markers in acute leukemia cells","authors":"Lava kareem Shwani, Nawsherwan Sadiq Muhammad, Hiwa Hassan Hamza","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Worldwide immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FCM) in acute leukemia (AL) is the golden step in the diagnosis. It’s very common for acute leukemias to aberrantly express antigens or cluster of differentiation (CD) markers which are usually expressed in other lineages of the disease hence this study aimed at determining the prevalence of aberrancy in AL and to find out the frequency of each aberrant CD marker and their association with the clinic-hematological profile of the cases. Methods: Following history and clinical examination of enrolled patients, blood and/or bone marrow aspirate was drawn for morphological examination and immunophenotyping by FCM from 86 newly diagnosed acute leukemia cases then multiple steps procedure was applied followed by interpretation of the results. Results: The prevalence of aberrant phenotype was 46.5%. The proportional frequency of aberrant phenotype in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was 41%, in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was 48.8% and in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) was 66.6%. The commonest aberrant CD markers in AML were CD22 and CD2, in B-ALL were CD66c and CD13 while in T-ALL were CD13 and CD33. The aberrant phenotype harbored lower white blood cell (WBC) count and blast percentage in PB, also splenomegaly was more frequent in lymphoid positive (Ly+) AML and myeloid positive (My+) T-ALL while in B-ALL, splenomegaly was more frequent in myeloid negative (My-) B-ALL. Conclusion: Aberrant phenotype prevalence in our study sample was comparable to other studies, considerable frequency of aberrant markers is present in cases of AL and some variations exist regarding the clinical and hematological profile of the aberrant group.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Chronic kidney disease represents a leading cause of death in many countries. End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, in which the kidneys are no longer function well enough for the patient to live without renal replacement therapy. Galectin-3 is a soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectin protein involved in the fibrosis of many solid organs, including the heart and kidney. This study aimed to evaluate galectin-3 and other biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The design is a cross-sectional study with a comparison group. A total of 70 chronic kidney disease patients on regular hemodialysis from Erbil Dialysis Center in Erbil City and 68 healthy subjects were enrolled. The serum levels of galectin-3 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The mean level of serum galectin-3 was non-significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to the control group (P = 0.594). However, the serum level of galectin-3 was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients with cardiovascular disease compared to hemodialysis patients without cardiovascular disease (P = 0.0220). Serum galectin-3 level was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients aged 36-50 and 51-70 years old compared to hemodialysis patients aged 20-35 years old (P = 0.013, P = 0.026), respectively. Conclusion: Serum galectin-3 might be used as a biomarker for hemodialysis patients with cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of galectin-3 and other biochemical parameters in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis in Erbil city","authors":"Zereen M. Abdullah, Kamaran Y. Mohammadamin","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Chronic kidney disease represents a leading cause of death in many countries. End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, in which the kidneys are no longer function well enough for the patient to live without renal replacement therapy. Galectin-3 is a soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectin protein involved in the fibrosis of many solid organs, including the heart and kidney. This study aimed to evaluate galectin-3 and other biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The design is a cross-sectional study with a comparison group. A total of 70 chronic kidney disease patients on regular hemodialysis from Erbil Dialysis Center in Erbil City and 68 healthy subjects were enrolled. The serum levels of galectin-3 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The mean level of serum galectin-3 was non-significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to the control group (P = 0.594). However, the serum level of galectin-3 was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients with cardiovascular disease compared to hemodialysis patients without cardiovascular disease (P = 0.0220). Serum galectin-3 level was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients aged 36-50 and 51-70 years old compared to hemodialysis patients aged 20-35 years old (P = 0.013, P = 0.026), respectively. Conclusion: Serum galectin-3 might be used as a biomarker for hemodialysis patients with cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47259022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarbast M. Ahmed, Hewa Omer Ahmed, Faiq H. S. Hussain, Hayman Sardar Abdulrahman, Hemn A. Qader
Background and objective: Five-membered heterocycle compounds having single oxygen and nitrogen atom at adjacent positions are known as isoxazoles. Isoxazole compounds have a broad range of biological activities and therapeutic value. In view of a strategic design of antimicrobial compounds, several new ester-functionalized isoxazoles were synthesized and characterized. Methods: A regioselective isoxazole incorporating an anthracene moiety was adducted via an effective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between anthracene nitrile oxide and propargyl bromide as a dipolarophile. Results: Synthesized isoxazole 4 underwent nucleophilic substitution reaction to produce unprecedented ester-functionalized isoxazoles 6a-j, by condensation with equimolar amounts of different generated in situ sodium carboxylate upon dissolving in acetonitrile with refluxing. The chemical structure of all target compounds was proved by (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and APT13C-NMR) techniques and their antibacterial and antifungal activities was evaluated. Conclusion: Allnewly synthesizedcompounds6 a-j have been obtained in good yields after purification by column chromatography. They showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity after screening against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and a fungi strain, Candida albicans, using disc diffusion method.
{"title":"Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of some Ester Functionalized Isoxazoles incorporating Anthracene Moieties via Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction","authors":"Sarbast M. Ahmed, Hewa Omer Ahmed, Faiq H. S. Hussain, Hayman Sardar Abdulrahman, Hemn A. Qader","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Five-membered heterocycle compounds having single oxygen and nitrogen atom at adjacent positions are known as isoxazoles. Isoxazole compounds have a broad range of biological activities and therapeutic value. In view of a strategic design of antimicrobial compounds, several new ester-functionalized isoxazoles were synthesized and characterized. Methods: A regioselective isoxazole incorporating an anthracene moiety was adducted via an effective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between anthracene nitrile oxide and propargyl bromide as a dipolarophile. Results: Synthesized isoxazole 4 underwent nucleophilic substitution reaction to produce unprecedented ester-functionalized isoxazoles 6a-j, by condensation with equimolar amounts of different generated in situ sodium carboxylate upon dissolving in acetonitrile with refluxing. The chemical structure of all target compounds was proved by (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and APT13C-NMR) techniques and their antibacterial and antifungal activities was evaluated. Conclusion: Allnewly synthesizedcompounds6 a-j have been obtained in good yields after purification by column chromatography. They showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity after screening against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and a fungi strain, Candida albicans, using disc diffusion method.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135520094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Corona infections disease nowadays is one of the major burden on national health institutes. The aim of the study is to identify the parameters that can predict the mortality in moderate to severely ill COVID-19 infected patients. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out in Erbil Hospitals, Kurdistan region/Iraq from December 2020 to December 2021 on a sample of 100patients with positive real-time polymerase chain reaction. The data of enrolled patients were collected by direct interview with patients or with their relatives and filled in a prepared questionnaire. The patients were followed up from their admission to hospital until their discharge alive or dead. Results: The mortality rate of hospitalized patients was 44% for 100 patients. Budesonide nebulizer were given to all of the patients. The mortality rate was significantly higher in old COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 patients presented with dyspnea, hypertension and renal failure were significantly associated with higher mortality rates. High respiratory rate, low oxygen saturation and high C-reactive protein level were accompanied with higher mortality rates of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The early predictors of mortality in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection were elderly age, clinical presentation of dyspnea, clinical co-morbidity with hypertension and renal failure, high respiratory rate, low oxygen saturation and elevated levels of C-reactive protein.
{"title":"COVID-19 pneumonia; predictors of severity and outcome in Erbil city hospitals","authors":"Halgurd Fathulla Ahmed, Z. Hussein","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Corona infections disease nowadays is one of the major burden on national health institutes. The aim of the study is to identify the parameters that can predict the mortality in moderate to severely ill COVID-19 infected patients. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out in Erbil Hospitals, Kurdistan region/Iraq from December 2020 to December 2021 on a sample of 100patients with positive real-time polymerase chain reaction. The data of enrolled patients were collected by direct interview with patients or with their relatives and filled in a prepared questionnaire. The patients were followed up from their admission to hospital until their discharge alive or dead. Results: The mortality rate of hospitalized patients was 44% for 100 patients. Budesonide nebulizer were given to all of the patients. The mortality rate was significantly higher in old COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 patients presented with dyspnea, hypertension and renal failure were significantly associated with higher mortality rates. High respiratory rate, low oxygen saturation and high C-reactive protein level were accompanied with higher mortality rates of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The early predictors of mortality in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection were elderly age, clinical presentation of dyspnea, clinical co-morbidity with hypertension and renal failure, high respiratory rate, low oxygen saturation and elevated levels of C-reactive protein.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43757732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hozan Yousif Hassan, Safaa Hanna Aka, Aras Najmaddin Hamad, S. J. Jalal Balaky
Background and objective: The increased prevalence of extended- spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased the use of last-resort antimicrobial drugs like Carbapenems. An alternative idea is to use new combinations of common antibiotics. The aim of the present study is to examine whether acidified nitrite has the ability to enhance the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against the biofilm formation and bacterial growth of beta-lactamase- producing uropathogenic isolates. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 37 beta-lactamase- producing uropathogens were collected from patients at Urology Department at Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil/Iraq. Biofilm formation was determined using a 96-well tissue culture plate assay. The ability to produce beta-lactamase production was detected by a phenotypic confirmatory combination disk diffusion test. The sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics alone and in combination with each of acidified nitrite, ascorbic acid and sodium nitrite towards biofilm formation were observed. Results: The combination of cefotaxime with each of acidified nitrite (P <0.001), ascorbic acid (P <0.001) and sodium nitrite (P = 0.003) significantly enhanced the effect of cefotaxime against the biofilm producing activity of beta-lactamase producing uropathogens. Furthermore, with ceftazidime identical synergistic results were obtained with ascorbic acid (P = 0.001) and acidified nitrite (P = 0.007). Conclusion: Acidified nitrite significantly improved the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against the biofilm mass of beta-lactamase producing uropathogens.
{"title":"Combined effects of antibiotics and acidified nitrite on biofilm formation by beta-lactamase-producing uropathogenic bacteria","authors":"Hozan Yousif Hassan, Safaa Hanna Aka, Aras Najmaddin Hamad, S. J. Jalal Balaky","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The increased prevalence of extended- spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased the use of last-resort antimicrobial drugs like Carbapenems. An alternative idea is to use new combinations of common antibiotics. The aim of the present study is to examine whether acidified nitrite has the ability to enhance the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against the biofilm formation and bacterial growth of beta-lactamase- producing uropathogenic isolates. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 37 beta-lactamase- producing uropathogens were collected from patients at Urology Department at Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil/Iraq. Biofilm formation was determined using a 96-well tissue culture plate assay. The ability to produce beta-lactamase production was detected by a phenotypic confirmatory combination disk diffusion test. The sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics alone and in combination with each of acidified nitrite, ascorbic acid and sodium nitrite towards biofilm formation were observed. Results: The combination of cefotaxime with each of acidified nitrite (P <0.001), ascorbic acid (P <0.001) and sodium nitrite (P = 0.003) significantly enhanced the effect of cefotaxime against the biofilm producing activity of beta-lactamase producing uropathogens. Furthermore, with ceftazidime identical synergistic results were obtained with ascorbic acid (P = 0.001) and acidified nitrite (P = 0.007). Conclusion: Acidified nitrite significantly improved the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against the biofilm mass of beta-lactamase producing uropathogens.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46616587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balen Salahaddin Muhammed, Azhy Muhammed Dewana, Baderkhan Saeed Ahmed
Background and objective: In western countries, the incidence of Cholelithiasis is found to be more than 10% in general populations. After performing the first successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy (L.C.) in Germany by Muhe in 1986, it rapidly became the procedure of choice in treating symptomatic gall stone. L.C. has a lot of advantages, including minimal trauma, rapid recovery, less analgesic requirement with a good esthetic outcome, however even in the hands of a best surgeon still there is a small percentage of conversion to open laparotomy, some risk factors has been recognized as a reason for the conversion to open laparotomy. This study aims to evaluate the rate with the underlying risk factors that increase the chance of conversion to open cholecystectomy. Methods: A total of 1400 patients for whom L.C. was attempted, 54 were enrolled in this prospective study from January 2014 to January 2020. The exclusion criteria were malignancy or existence of gallbladder polyps detected pathologically. Patient demographics, indications for cholecystectomy, concomitant diseases, and histories of previous abdominal surgery were collected. The rates of conversion to open cholecystectomy with the underlying reasons for conversion were analyzed. Results: The overall rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 3.86% (54 patients). Out of 54 cases nearly two-thirds (61.1%) of the patients (33) were males and 38.9% of the patients (21) were females. Male: female ratio is 1.57:1. In the study sample, the conversion rate among obese (14/54) patients was 25.9% compared with the rate of 74.1% among non-obese (40/54) patients. Out of 3.86% of the conversion rate, 2.86% were non-obese and 1% were obese patients. The commonest etiology for conversion was thickened gall bladder due to severe gall bladder inflammation with fibrosis (21 patients) 38.9% followed by Acute cholecystitis (8 patients) 14.8%, then fibrosis (7 patients) 13% with aberrant anatomy at the calot’s triangle (6 patients) 11.1%. Conclusion: A thickened gall bladder was found to be the commonest risk factor for conversion to open cholecystectomy, the conversion from L.C. to O.C. should not be regarded as a failure of the procedure or as a complication, rather it should be regarded as a prudent maneuver for achieving the desired objective namely safe removal of the gall bladder.
{"title":"Conversion rate and the probable factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy","authors":"Balen Salahaddin Muhammed, Azhy Muhammed Dewana, Baderkhan Saeed Ahmed","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: In western countries, the incidence of Cholelithiasis is found to be more than 10% in general populations. After performing the first successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy (L.C.) in Germany by Muhe in 1986, it rapidly became the procedure of choice in treating symptomatic gall stone. L.C. has a lot of advantages, including minimal trauma, rapid recovery, less analgesic requirement with a good esthetic outcome, however even in the hands of a best surgeon still there is a small percentage of conversion to open laparotomy, some risk factors has been recognized as a reason for the conversion to open laparotomy. This study aims to evaluate the rate with the underlying risk factors that increase the chance of conversion to open cholecystectomy. Methods: A total of 1400 patients for whom L.C. was attempted, 54 were enrolled in this prospective study from January 2014 to January 2020. The exclusion criteria were malignancy or existence of gallbladder polyps detected pathologically. Patient demographics, indications for cholecystectomy, concomitant diseases, and histories of previous abdominal surgery were collected. The rates of conversion to open cholecystectomy with the underlying reasons for conversion were analyzed. Results: The overall rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 3.86% (54 patients). Out of 54 cases nearly two-thirds (61.1%) of the patients (33) were males and 38.9% of the patients (21) were females. Male: female ratio is 1.57:1. In the study sample, the conversion rate among obese (14/54) patients was 25.9% compared with the rate of 74.1% among non-obese (40/54) patients. Out of 3.86% of the conversion rate, 2.86% were non-obese and 1% were obese patients. The commonest etiology for conversion was thickened gall bladder due to severe gall bladder inflammation with fibrosis (21 patients) 38.9% followed by Acute cholecystitis (8 patients) 14.8%, then fibrosis (7 patients) 13% with aberrant anatomy at the calot’s triangle (6 patients) 11.1%. Conclusion: A thickened gall bladder was found to be the commonest risk factor for conversion to open cholecystectomy, the conversion from L.C. to O.C. should not be regarded as a failure of the procedure or as a complication, rather it should be regarded as a prudent maneuver for achieving the desired objective namely safe removal of the gall bladder.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41908399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Dealing with a large complex wound is very challenging, and latissimus dorsi flap through history has been used as its very variable and flexible in the form of pedicle or free flap in the coverage of those large complex wounds as its large, well perfused, and flexible in configuration. The study aimed to evaluate the versatility of use and viability of latissimus dorsi free flap for coverage of large complex wounds in different parts of the body. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 2012 to 2019 in Erbil Rizgary teaching hospital, Rozhawa emergency hospital, and PAR private hospital, Kurdistan region, Iraq on 22 cases, (20) male (90.9%), and (2) female (9.1%), all with a large complex wound in different sites of the body that latissimus dorsi free flap in the form of myocutaneous mainly and only one with muscle free flap. Results: The complex large wounds ranged from (22*15 cm – 35*20 cm) indifferent sites of the body, (18) from the lower limb,(3) from the forearm and (1) from the scalp, from those 22 cases, we had 17 cases that survived totally(77.2%), and 5 failure cases (22.7%) those were from leg who associated with tibial bone fracture gestilo type 111B and C and large soft tissue defect with or without vascular injury, and in regard to flaps out of 22 cases 5 of them presented with total necrosis (55.6%), one case with partial necrosis(11.1%), and 3 cases with partial skin graft loss (33.33%), that managed conservatively, in all cases donor site closed primarily with few morbidities as happened in 5 cases (22.7%) like bleeding in 3 cases (60.0%) and stoppage needed operation theater, one case (20.0%) with seroma, and one with minor wound dehiscent (20.0%), that both managed conservatively. Conclusion: The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap is the reliable, flexible and highly recommended for large soft tissue defect reconstruction in different sites of the body especially those associated with extensive bone damage.
{"title":"Latissimus dorsi muscle free flap for management of large complex wound","authors":"Abdlrahman Miran","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Dealing with a large complex wound is very challenging, and latissimus dorsi flap through history has been used as its very variable and flexible in the form of pedicle or free flap in the coverage of those large complex wounds as its large, well perfused, and flexible in configuration. The study aimed to evaluate the versatility of use and viability of latissimus dorsi free flap for coverage of large complex wounds in different parts of the body. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 2012 to 2019 in Erbil Rizgary teaching hospital, Rozhawa emergency hospital, and PAR private hospital, Kurdistan region, Iraq on 22 cases, (20) male (90.9%), and (2) female (9.1%), all with a large complex wound in different sites of the body that latissimus dorsi free flap in the form of myocutaneous mainly and only one with muscle free flap. Results: The complex large wounds ranged from (22*15 cm – 35*20 cm) indifferent sites of the body, (18) from the lower limb,(3) from the forearm and (1) from the scalp, from those 22 cases, we had 17 cases that survived totally(77.2%), and 5 failure cases (22.7%) those were from leg who associated with tibial bone fracture gestilo type 111B and C and large soft tissue defect with or without vascular injury, and in regard to flaps out of 22 cases 5 of them presented with total necrosis (55.6%), one case with partial necrosis(11.1%), and 3 cases with partial skin graft loss (33.33%), that managed conservatively, in all cases donor site closed primarily with few morbidities as happened in 5 cases (22.7%) like bleeding in 3 cases (60.0%) and stoppage needed operation theater, one case (20.0%) with seroma, and one with minor wound dehiscent (20.0%), that both managed conservatively. Conclusion: The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap is the reliable, flexible and highly recommended for large soft tissue defect reconstruction in different sites of the body especially those associated with extensive bone damage.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47174105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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