Background and objective: Determining the relationship between body compartments and Lower Back Pain (LBP) will increase our understanding about how body compartments can affect LBP disability. This study aimed to assess the association between body compartments and LBP disability pre and post-physiotherapy. Methods: A prospective study conducted in the main two governmental physiotherapy departments in Erbil. One Hundred patients were diagnosed with LBP and referred to physiotherapy units. All patients were assessed before starting physiotherapy and body compartments were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BEIA). LBP disability was measured for each patient by a modified Oswestry disability index (ODI). After completing six sessions of physiotherapy all patients were reassessed regarding body composition, obesity measures, and LBP disability. Results: Regarding the body fat percentage (BFP), 61% of females and 56.7% of males were obese. Results showed a positive significant correlation (P = 0.013) between BFP and LBP disability after physiotherapy, while a negative significant correlation (P = 0.026) between total body water (TBW) and LBP disability. There was a significant improvement in disability after physiotherapy (P <0.001). Eleven percent of patients succeeded to reach minimal clinically important difference (MCID ≥ 30%). Body composition and other obesity measurements were not significantly different before and after physiotherapy. Conclusions: LBP disability is positively associated with BFP and negatively associated with TBW. The physiotherapy protocol performed in the physiotherapy units was able to significantly improve disability although a low number of patients reached MCID ≥ 30%. Body compartments were not significantly different before and after physiotherapy.
{"title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis and change disability post physiotherapy for patients with lower back pain attending rehabilitation care unit in Erbil","authors":"Reem Burkan Aldhahi, Dler Qader Omer, Sherwan Rahman Sulaiman","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Determining the relationship between body compartments and Lower Back Pain (LBP) will increase our understanding about how body compartments can affect LBP disability. This study aimed to assess the association between body compartments and LBP disability pre and post-physiotherapy. Methods: A prospective study conducted in the main two governmental physiotherapy departments in Erbil. One Hundred patients were diagnosed with LBP and referred to physiotherapy units. All patients were assessed before starting physiotherapy and body compartments were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BEIA). LBP disability was measured for each patient by a modified Oswestry disability index (ODI). After completing six sessions of physiotherapy all patients were reassessed regarding body composition, obesity measures, and LBP disability. Results: Regarding the body fat percentage (BFP), 61% of females and 56.7% of males were obese. Results showed a positive significant correlation (P = 0.013) between BFP and LBP disability after physiotherapy, while a negative significant correlation (P = 0.026) between total body water (TBW) and LBP disability. There was a significant improvement in disability after physiotherapy (P <0.001). Eleven percent of patients succeeded to reach minimal clinically important difference (MCID ≥ 30%). Body composition and other obesity measurements were not significantly different before and after physiotherapy. Conclusions: LBP disability is positively associated with BFP and negatively associated with TBW. The physiotherapy protocol performed in the physiotherapy units was able to significantly improve disability although a low number of patients reached MCID ≥ 30%. Body compartments were not significantly different before and after physiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45967435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is one of the common autoimmune thyroid diseases with increasing incidence in the general population. It has been suggested that a combination of genetic and environmental factors increase the risk of developing the disease. The current study aimed to find the association between HLA-DRB1*04 gene with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis among the Iraqi-Kurdish population in Erbil Province. Methods: The case-control study was conducted on 45 untreated patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis who have already been diagnosed and 45 control subjects. Blood specimens were taken from the subjects for gene detection purposes via conventional polymerase chain reaction. Sera specimens were used to run enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to measure the level of IFNγ. Results: The age of subjects ranged from 32 to 63 years with no significant difference between mean ±SE of cases (46.822±1.087 years) with the mean ±SE (47.044 ±1.162 years) of the control subjects (P = 0.999). The mean ±SE of free T3 and T4 levels was lower in cases in comparison to those of controls, while the mean ±SE of TSH level in cases was significantly higher compared to those of controls. Statistically there was a highly significant difference in the mean ±SE of free T3, free T4 and TSH levels between cases and controls (P <0.001). Furthermore, the mean ±SE of anti-TPO, anti-Tg and IFNγ levels was higher in cases compared to those of control subjects. Statistical analysis shows a highly significant difference between mean ±SE of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibody levels of cases compared to those of controls (P <0.001). As for IFNγ level, there was a significant difference between mean±SE of IFNγ levels in cases and controls (P = 0.021). The conventional polymerase chain reaction results showed that 39/45 (86.7%) of cases were tested positive for HLA-DRB1*04, while only 20/45 (44.04 %) of the control subjects tested positive for the gene, statistical analysis revealed a highly significant association between the existence of the gene with HT disease (P <0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed a highly significant association between the existence of HLA-DRB1*04 gene and Hashimoto's thyroiditis disease among the Iraqi-Kurdish population in Erbil Province.
{"title":"Association of HLA-DRB1*04 gene with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis among Iraqi-Kurdish population in Erbil province","authors":"Bakhtawar Ziad Omer, Sahar Mohammed Zaki Abdullah","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is one of the common autoimmune thyroid diseases with increasing incidence in the general population. It has been suggested that a combination of genetic and environmental factors increase the risk of developing the disease. The current study aimed to find the association between HLA-DRB1*04 gene with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis among the Iraqi-Kurdish population in Erbil Province. Methods: The case-control study was conducted on 45 untreated patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis who have already been diagnosed and 45 control subjects. Blood specimens were taken from the subjects for gene detection purposes via conventional polymerase chain reaction. Sera specimens were used to run enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to measure the level of IFNγ. Results: The age of subjects ranged from 32 to 63 years with no significant difference between mean ±SE of cases (46.822±1.087 years) with the mean ±SE (47.044 ±1.162 years) of the control subjects (P = 0.999). The mean ±SE of free T3 and T4 levels was lower in cases in comparison to those of controls, while the mean ±SE of TSH level in cases was significantly higher compared to those of controls. Statistically there was a highly significant difference in the mean ±SE of free T3, free T4 and TSH levels between cases and controls (P <0.001). Furthermore, the mean ±SE of anti-TPO, anti-Tg and IFNγ levels was higher in cases compared to those of control subjects. Statistical analysis shows a highly significant difference between mean ±SE of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibody levels of cases compared to those of controls (P <0.001). As for IFNγ level, there was a significant difference between mean±SE of IFNγ levels in cases and controls (P = 0.021). The conventional polymerase chain reaction results showed that 39/45 (86.7%) of cases were tested positive for HLA-DRB1*04, while only 20/45 (44.04 %) of the control subjects tested positive for the gene, statistical analysis revealed a highly significant association between the existence of the gene with HT disease (P <0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed a highly significant association between the existence of HLA-DRB1*04 gene and Hashimoto's thyroiditis disease among the Iraqi-Kurdish population in Erbil Province.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47868953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Type two diabetes is known as insulin-independent diabetes mellitus due to body’s inability to respond to insulin and can be managed by lifestyle change and hypoglycemic tablets. This study aimed to compare serum levels of calcitonin, calcium, and phosphate between type two diabetic patients and controls. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 50 patients who have already been diagnosed with type two diabetes mellitus and 50 control subjects without clinical signs of any diseases. The level of serum calcitonin, calcium, and phosphate was estimated for all participants. Results: The mean serum level of calcitonin was (2.35 ± 1.18) pg/mL in the case group, while the mean was (32.91 ± 3.88) pg/mL in the control group (P-value = 0.001). The mean level of serum phosphate was (3.93 ± 0.08) mg/dL and (3.73 ± 0.09) mg/dL in the case and control groups, respectively (P-value = 0.117). The mean serum calcium level was (9.68 ± 0.10) mg/dL in the case group, and it was about (9.67 ± 0.14) mg/dL (P-value = 0.955) in healthy persons. Serum calcitonin was negatively correlated with glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose level. Conclusion: The calcitonin serum level in diabetic patients was significantly lower than in healthy individuals. The level of bone minerals (calcium and phosphate) was not altered in type two diabetic patients when compared with control participants.
{"title":"Estimation of serum calcitonin, phosphate, and calcium in type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Zahraakhan Maaroof Taher, Sardar Nouri Ahmed","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Type two diabetes is known as insulin-independent diabetes mellitus due to body’s inability to respond to insulin and can be managed by lifestyle change and hypoglycemic tablets. This study aimed to compare serum levels of calcitonin, calcium, and phosphate between type two diabetic patients and controls. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 50 patients who have already been diagnosed with type two diabetes mellitus and 50 control subjects without clinical signs of any diseases. The level of serum calcitonin, calcium, and phosphate was estimated for all participants. Results: The mean serum level of calcitonin was (2.35 ± 1.18) pg/mL in the case group, while the mean was (32.91 ± 3.88) pg/mL in the control group (P-value = 0.001). The mean level of serum phosphate was (3.93 ± 0.08) mg/dL and (3.73 ± 0.09) mg/dL in the case and control groups, respectively (P-value = 0.117). The mean serum calcium level was (9.68 ± 0.10) mg/dL in the case group, and it was about (9.67 ± 0.14) mg/dL (P-value = 0.955) in healthy persons. Serum calcitonin was negatively correlated with glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose level. Conclusion: The calcitonin serum level in diabetic patients was significantly lower than in healthy individuals. The level of bone minerals (calcium and phosphate) was not altered in type two diabetic patients when compared with control participants.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49329381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Pregnancy associated Group B streptococcal infection is a well-established cause of significant neonatal morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Group B streptococcal infection among women presenting in labor at different ages and gestational ages and its correlation with different risk factors. Methods: Vaginal swab and urine sample for culture from 150 women having risk factors and being in labor and having risk of developing Group B streptococcal infection from 2nd of November 2020 to 2nd of December 2021. Results: The prevalence of Group B streptococcal infection among risky group women during labor in Maternity Teaching Hospital was 8%. The rate of agreement between the vaginal swab results and urine culture results was 92%. There was no significant association between urine culture results with age, parity and prolonged rupture of membrane. A significant high rate of infected urine in culture was found among women with a very extreme preterm gestational age (p value 0.049), and it was also significant among women with pyrexia (p value 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of Group B streptococcal infection among high-risk group of women during labor in Maternity Teaching Hospital of Erbil city was 8%.
{"title":"The prevalence of group B streptococcal infection during intrapartum period among high-risk group in labour","authors":"Bayan Nasr, S. Alalaf","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Pregnancy associated Group B streptococcal infection is a well-established cause of significant neonatal morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Group B streptococcal infection among women presenting in labor at different ages and gestational ages and its correlation with different risk factors. Methods: Vaginal swab and urine sample for culture from 150 women having risk factors and being in labor and having risk of developing Group B streptococcal infection from 2nd of November 2020 to 2nd of December 2021. Results: The prevalence of Group B streptococcal infection among risky group women during labor in Maternity Teaching Hospital was 8%. The rate of agreement between the vaginal swab results and urine culture results was 92%. There was no significant association between urine culture results with age, parity and prolonged rupture of membrane. A significant high rate of infected urine in culture was found among women with a very extreme preterm gestational age (p value 0.049), and it was also significant among women with pyrexia (p value 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of Group B streptococcal infection among high-risk group of women during labor in Maternity Teaching Hospital of Erbil city was 8%.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44673117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Bleeding and thrombosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute leukemia (AL); they are attributed to hemostatic derangement and coagulation defects that are associated with leukemia. There is a paucity of information regarding coagulopathy in AL patients in our locality; this study, therefore, was employed to evaluate hemostatic parameters in patients with AL at the time of presentation. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 84 newly diagnosed patients with AL. The study was carried out at Nanakali hemato-oncology center from September 2021 to May 2022. Patients were assessed for coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen level (FBG), D-dimer (D-Di), antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS). Results: The median age of the studied patients was 26 years with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients constitutes 51.2% (43 patients), and the remaining 41 (48.8%) patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PT was significantly prolonged, D-Di was significantly higher and AT, and PC were significantly decreased in AML compared to control groups. Only D-Di level was significantly higher in ALL compared to control groups. Bleeding manifestations were encountered in 40 (47.6%) patients with a higher incidence among the AML group (28 patients, 70%). Thrombosis occurred in 2 (2.4%) patients. Conclusion: Defects of coagulation were common in AL. Hemostatic derangement and bleeding at the time of presentation were more noticeable in patients with AML.
{"title":"Early hemostatic derangements in patients with de novo acute leukemia: A single center experience","authors":"Sarah Laith Alnuaimy, Rawand P. Shamoon","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Bleeding and thrombosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute leukemia (AL); they are attributed to hemostatic derangement and coagulation defects that are associated with leukemia. There is a paucity of information regarding coagulopathy in AL patients in our locality; this study, therefore, was employed to evaluate hemostatic parameters in patients with AL at the time of presentation. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 84 newly diagnosed patients with AL. The study was carried out at Nanakali hemato-oncology center from September 2021 to May 2022. Patients were assessed for coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen level (FBG), D-dimer (D-Di), antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS). Results: The median age of the studied patients was 26 years with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients constitutes 51.2% (43 patients), and the remaining 41 (48.8%) patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PT was significantly prolonged, D-Di was significantly higher and AT, and PC were significantly decreased in AML compared to control groups. Only D-Di level was significantly higher in ALL compared to control groups. Bleeding manifestations were encountered in 40 (47.6%) patients with a higher incidence among the AML group (28 patients, 70%). Thrombosis occurred in 2 (2.4%) patients. Conclusion: Defects of coagulation were common in AL. Hemostatic derangement and bleeding at the time of presentation were more noticeable in patients with AML.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49614558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is typically a multifactorial disorder involving genetic and environmental factors to variable extents. The aim of this research was to find out if there is a relationship between the “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood groups and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A case-control study was carried out at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok city for six months, from 1st July 2019 to 1st January 2020. The study included 800 individuals including 400 randomly selected diabetic patients and 400 non-diabetic adults of both genders. Standard slide agglutination method at room temperature was performed to determine the ABO and Rh blood groups. Results: Out of 400 patients, 185(46.25%) were male and 215(53.75%) were female. It was found that out of 400 randomly selected patients, majority had O blood group 193(48.25%), 109(27.25%) had A, 65(16.25%) had B, 33(8.25%) had AB group. A higher frequency of O blood group was encountered among the diabetics comparing to the control (48.25% vs. 37.75%). On applying the Chi-square test, the blood groups O and type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to have a statistically significant relationship (Chi-square value - 8.14, P <0.005) and no statistically significant association between the Rh group and type 2 DM was observed (P >0.05). Conclusion: According to this study, people with the O blood group are at a greater risk of having type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there was no discrepancy in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk between Rhesus positive and negative classes. The level of blood groups A among diabetic patients is also concluded to be substantially lower.
背景与目的:2型糖尿病是一种典型的多因素疾病，遗传和环境因素在不同程度上涉及。这项研究的目的是找出ABO血型和恒河猴血型与2型糖尿病之间是否存在关系。方法:2019年7月1日至2020年1月1日，在杜霍克市阿扎迪教学医院进行为期6个月的病例对照研究。该研究包括800人，其中包括400名随机选择的糖尿病患者和400名非糖尿病成年人，男女皆有。采用室温标准玻片凝集法测定ABO和Rh血型。结果:400例患者中，男性185例(46.25%)，女性215例(53.75%)。随机抽取400例患者，以O型为主193例(48.25%)，A型109例(27.25%)，B型65例(16.25%)，AB型33例(8.25%)。糖尿病患者中O型血的发生率高于对照组(48.25% vs. 37.75%)。经卡方检验，O型血与2型糖尿病有统计学意义(χ 2值为- 8.14,P < 0.05)。结论:根据本研究，O型血的人患2型糖尿病的风险更大，但恒河血型阳性和阴性的人患2型糖尿病的风险没有差异。糖尿病患者的A型血水平也明显较低。
{"title":"The correlation between Blood group type and Diabetes Mellitus Type II","authors":"S. Mizouri","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is typically a multifactorial disorder involving genetic and environmental factors to variable extents. The aim of this research was to find out if there is a relationship between the “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood groups and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A case-control study was carried out at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok city for six months, from 1st July 2019 to 1st January 2020. The study included 800 individuals including 400 randomly selected diabetic patients and 400 non-diabetic adults of both genders. Standard slide agglutination method at room temperature was performed to determine the ABO and Rh blood groups. Results: Out of 400 patients, 185(46.25%) were male and 215(53.75%) were female. It was found that out of 400 randomly selected patients, majority had O blood group 193(48.25%), 109(27.25%) had A, 65(16.25%) had B, 33(8.25%) had AB group. A higher frequency of O blood group was encountered among the diabetics comparing to the control (48.25% vs. 37.75%). On applying the Chi-square test, the blood groups O and type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to have a statistically significant relationship (Chi-square value - 8.14, P <0.005) and no statistically significant association between the Rh group and type 2 DM was observed (P >0.05). Conclusion: According to this study, people with the O blood group are at a greater risk of having type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there was no discrepancy in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk between Rhesus positive and negative classes. The level of blood groups A among diabetic patients is also concluded to be substantially lower.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42661511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: The World Health Organization recognizes the importance of positive childbirth experience. In Iraq, patient satisfaction during maternity care visits is not routinely collected. This study was aimed to find out the women’s expectation during labor from physicians and midwives and associated factors such as socio-demographic and obstetrical characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbil city, located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of 1,500 women were targeted while they were accompanying another person, including children, to receive health services in Erbil and eventually 1,196 participated in the study. Data were collected through direct interviews after receiving informed oral consent. Participants were asked to describe their expectations for childbirth using an open-ended question. Responses were then grouped and categorized into 20 expectation items based on overlapping themes. Chi-square tests were used to identify associations with key socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Results: Level of expectation was significantly associated with education (illiterate and high education, P = 0.028),residency (suburban, P = 0.003), parity (grand multipara, P = 0.001), satisfaction with care (those satisfied, P <0.001), and satisfaction with provider communication (those satisfied, P <0.001). This study found that positive and calming verbal and non-verbal expressions, environmental control, encouragement of different positions and mobilization, hygiene, promotion of urinary elimination, and instruction on breathing and relaxation are highly expected by parturient women. Conclusion: Understanding women’s expectations in the delivery room is critical to health care providers in order to make appropriate care plan and support women to have a positive birth experience and to meet expectations.
{"title":"Women's expectations of health care providers in the labor and delivery room in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Aveen Hajimam, H. Ahmed, Kathryn E Mishkin","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The World Health Organization recognizes the importance of positive childbirth experience. In Iraq, patient satisfaction during maternity care visits is not routinely collected. This study was aimed to find out the women’s expectation during labor from physicians and midwives and associated factors such as socio-demographic and obstetrical characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbil city, located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of 1,500 women were targeted while they were accompanying another person, including children, to receive health services in Erbil and eventually 1,196 participated in the study. Data were collected through direct interviews after receiving informed oral consent. Participants were asked to describe their expectations for childbirth using an open-ended question. Responses were then grouped and categorized into 20 expectation items based on overlapping themes. Chi-square tests were used to identify associations with key socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Results: Level of expectation was significantly associated with education (illiterate and high education, P = 0.028),residency (suburban, P = 0.003), parity (grand multipara, P = 0.001), satisfaction with care (those satisfied, P <0.001), and satisfaction with provider communication (those satisfied, P <0.001). This study found that positive and calming verbal and non-verbal expressions, environmental control, encouragement of different positions and mobilization, hygiene, promotion of urinary elimination, and instruction on breathing and relaxation are highly expected by parturient women. Conclusion: Understanding women’s expectations in the delivery room is critical to health care providers in order to make appropriate care plan and support women to have a positive birth experience and to meet expectations.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49113109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Different molecular alterations have been described in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, among themis mutation of the PTEN (phosphatase and tension homolog), a tumor suppressor gene. This study aimed to detect PTEN immunoexpression in endometrial carcinoma and to asses the association between PTEN immunoexpression with the clinicopathological parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out between January 2016-December 2021 in Erbil city. A total of 112 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, archival tissue blocks of total abdominal hysterectomy samples were collected in Erbilcity. The clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors were revised, and the specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically using monoclonal PTEN antibody clone 6H2.1 (Dako. Results: Seventy- seven cases (68.8%) were labeled as negative for PTEN immunoexpression. While 35 cases (31.2%) were labeled as positive for PTEN immunoexpression. PTEN immunoexpression was significantly associated with the tumor histological types (P = 0.001), while no significant association was found between PTEN immunoexpression and other clinicopathological parameters. Conclusion: Loss of PTEN immunoexpression frequently seen in endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma than other types of endometrial carcinoma and is significantly associated with the histological types of endometrial carcinoma.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical expression of PTEN (phosphatase and tension homolog) in endometrial carcinoma","authors":"Zenaib Ali, Payman Berzinji","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Different molecular alterations have been described in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, among themis mutation of the PTEN (phosphatase and tension homolog), a tumor suppressor gene. This study aimed to detect PTEN immunoexpression in endometrial carcinoma and to asses the association between PTEN immunoexpression with the clinicopathological parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out between January 2016-December 2021 in Erbil city. A total of 112 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, archival tissue blocks of total abdominal hysterectomy samples were collected in Erbilcity. The clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors were revised, and the specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically using monoclonal PTEN antibody clone 6H2.1 (Dako. Results: Seventy- seven cases (68.8%) were labeled as negative for PTEN immunoexpression. While 35 cases (31.2%) were labeled as positive for PTEN immunoexpression. PTEN immunoexpression was significantly associated with the tumor histological types (P = 0.001), while no significant association was found between PTEN immunoexpression and other clinicopathological parameters. Conclusion: Loss of PTEN immunoexpression frequently seen in endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma than other types of endometrial carcinoma and is significantly associated with the histological types of endometrial carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46459022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Evaluating patients with blunt abdominal trauma remains one of the most challenging aspects of acute trauma care. CT scan of abdomen remains the standard imaging modality for evaluation of abdominal trauma cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate CT scan findings in blunt abdominal trauma victims with respect to solid organ injuries, hollow viscus injuries, associated thoracic and abdominal wall injuries, associated hemoperitoneum, cause of injury and type of management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 hemodynamically stable patients with history of blunt abdominal trauma who underwent CT scan examination in Rozh-halat Emergency Hospital from June 2021-January 2022; using a 64 multi-detector helical slice CT scanner. Data analysis were performed on patient’s demographics, mode and type of injury, CT scan findings and severity scorings, associated injuries and type of management. Results: The mean age of enrolled cases was 28.6 ± 18.6 ranged from 4-70 years. About two third (63.5%) were males and one third were females (36.5%). The most common cause of trauma was road traffic accident (64% of cases). Out of 96 trauma cases; 87.5% of patients had positive CT findings of which 50% had hemoperitoneum, 21.9% had pneumoperitoneum, 66.7% had no hallow viscous involvement, while 33.2% had hollow viscus involvement. One third of cases had associated abdominal wall injury. 56.4% of patients had multiple organ injury. Regarding solid organ injury; 66.7% of cases had spleen injury, (36.5%) had liver injury, Pancreas was involved in 12.5% of cases. RT& LT – kidneys showed grade 2 injury in (9.4%) & (6.3 %) respectively. Half of patients with positive CT scan findings had no lower chest injury findings. This study showed that 43.8% of cases were managed conservatively, 45.9% underwent laparotomy, the incidental finding of intra-operative hemoperitoneum which was negative in CT scan was only 1%. Conclusion: CT imaging is the diagnostic tool of choice for the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in haemo-dynamically stable patients as it can assist in detecting and evaluating other co-existing injuries such as lower thoracic, pelvic and spine injuries apart from its main role in accurate identification of intra -abdominal injuries and associated bleeding.
{"title":"A prospective evaluation of computerized tomography scan findings in blunt abdominal trauma","authors":"A. Jamal, Balen Muhammad, Medya Sadeq","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Evaluating patients with blunt abdominal trauma remains one of the most challenging aspects of acute trauma care. CT scan of abdomen remains the standard imaging modality for evaluation of abdominal trauma cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate CT scan findings in blunt abdominal trauma victims with respect to solid organ injuries, hollow viscus injuries, associated thoracic and abdominal wall injuries, associated hemoperitoneum, cause of injury and type of management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 hemodynamically stable patients with history of blunt abdominal trauma who underwent CT scan examination in Rozh-halat Emergency Hospital from June 2021-January 2022; using a 64 multi-detector helical slice CT scanner. Data analysis were performed on patient’s demographics, mode and type of injury, CT scan findings and severity scorings, associated injuries and type of management. Results: The mean age of enrolled cases was 28.6 ± 18.6 ranged from 4-70 years. About two third (63.5%) were males and one third were females (36.5%). The most common cause of trauma was road traffic accident (64% of cases). Out of 96 trauma cases; 87.5% of patients had positive CT findings of which 50% had hemoperitoneum, 21.9% had pneumoperitoneum, 66.7% had no hallow viscous involvement, while 33.2% had hollow viscus involvement. One third of cases had associated abdominal wall injury. 56.4% of patients had multiple organ injury. Regarding solid organ injury; 66.7% of cases had spleen injury, (36.5%) had liver injury, Pancreas was involved in 12.5% of cases. RT& LT – kidneys showed grade 2 injury in (9.4%) & (6.3 %) respectively. Half of patients with positive CT scan findings had no lower chest injury findings. This study showed that 43.8% of cases were managed conservatively, 45.9% underwent laparotomy, the incidental finding of intra-operative hemoperitoneum which was negative in CT scan was only 1%. Conclusion: CT imaging is the diagnostic tool of choice for the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in haemo-dynamically stable patients as it can assist in detecting and evaluating other co-existing injuries such as lower thoracic, pelvic and spine injuries apart from its main role in accurate identification of intra -abdominal injuries and associated bleeding.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44200083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant pathogenic bacterium in the health system. The ability to resist antimicrobial drugs and biofilm formation gives the considerable capacity to A. baumannii for existing in a harsh environment, enabling this bacterium to cause hospital-acquired infection. Carbapenem is an important treatment option for severe nosocomial infection and patients infected by multidrug-resistant organisms. The main aim of this study is to detect carbapenemase in isolates, and its association with biofilm formation as well as antibiotic resistance. Methods: Sixty A. baumannii isolates were obtained from several hospital districts in Erbil city. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of isolates were performed by VITEKII compact system. Phenotypic identification of carbapenem by sCIM also biofilm-forming was detected by 96 well method. Additionally, three antimicrobial agents were used if they were successful in eliminating biofilm formation. . Results: The majority of the isolates were from sputum, accounting 75% and antibiotic susceptibility showed that the isolates are resistant to the most available antibiotics, and significant of the isolates formed strong biofilm. The sensitivity of meropenem, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin were employed for ten isolates of A. baumannii after biofilm formation it was found that biofilm cells need more concentration of antibiotic than planktonic cells then phenotypic detection of carbapenem showed that the overall positive values were 30 (50.0%) for sCIM. Conclusion: We revealed that most resistant isolates have a greater capacity for biofilm development than sensitivite isolates. Biofilm-producing strains of A. baumannii cannot be killed with the relatively similar concentration of antimicrobial drugs that are needed to kill planktonic cells.
{"title":"Detection of carbapenemase in acinetobacter baumannii enrolled in the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance","authors":"Sayran A. Qader, Aryan R. Ganjo","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant pathogenic bacterium in the health system. The ability to resist antimicrobial drugs and biofilm formation gives the considerable capacity to A. baumannii for existing in a harsh environment, enabling this bacterium to cause hospital-acquired infection. Carbapenem is an important treatment option for severe nosocomial infection and patients infected by multidrug-resistant organisms. The main aim of this study is to detect carbapenemase in isolates, and its association with biofilm formation as well as antibiotic resistance. Methods: Sixty A. baumannii isolates were obtained from several hospital districts in Erbil city. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of isolates were performed by VITEKII compact system. Phenotypic identification of carbapenem by sCIM also biofilm-forming was detected by 96 well method. Additionally, three antimicrobial agents were used if they were successful in eliminating biofilm formation. . Results: The majority of the isolates were from sputum, accounting 75% and antibiotic susceptibility showed that the isolates are resistant to the most available antibiotics, and significant of the isolates formed strong biofilm. The sensitivity of meropenem, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin were employed for ten isolates of A. baumannii after biofilm formation it was found that biofilm cells need more concentration of antibiotic than planktonic cells then phenotypic detection of carbapenem showed that the overall positive values were 30 (50.0%) for sCIM. Conclusion: We revealed that most resistant isolates have a greater capacity for biofilm development than sensitivite isolates. Biofilm-producing strains of A. baumannii cannot be killed with the relatively similar concentration of antimicrobial drugs that are needed to kill planktonic cells.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47166628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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