Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.11648/j.ae.20230701.13
Lyhour Hin, L. Lor, D. Theng, Chan Makara Mean, Sovanndy Yut, Mengchhay Kim, Sokhom Mech, G. Hitzler
{"title":"Fabrication and Performance Assessment of Desulfurizing Systems for Large-Scale Biodigesters in Cambodia","authors":"Lyhour Hin, L. Lor, D. Theng, Chan Makara Mean, Sovanndy Yut, Mengchhay Kim, Sokhom Mech, G. Hitzler","doi":"10.11648/j.ae.20230701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20230701.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83969212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.11648/j.ae.20230701.12
Riley Manwaring, Michael C. Johnson, Zachary B. Sharp, S. Barfuss
: In order to fill gaps in research into the use of elbow flow meters and to reconcile both a lack of published standards and differing recommendations on the necessary minimum lengths of straight pipe that should be installed upstream of an elbow flow meter to ensure sufficiently accurate flow measurement, physical data were collected on 50 mm nominal (52.5 mm or 2.067 inch actual), 150 mm nominal (154.05 mm or 6.065 inch actual), and 305 mm nominal (304.8 mm or 12.00 inch actual) long-radius elbow meters to determine discharge coefficients in a straight-line pipeline configuration. The 150 mm (6-inch) long-radius elbow meter was further tested in order to determine the effects of different upstream disturbances on the accuracy of its metering performance. Three different upstream disturbances were tested at upstream distances of 25, 10, and 5 diameter-lengths, including: a single elbow in-plane “S” orientation, a single elbow in-plane “U” orientation, and a double elbows out-of-plane orientation. Discharge coefficients were calculated for each configuration at the three variable upstream distances between the upstream flow disturbance and the meter and compared to the straight-line calibration values to identify the percent difference shifts in the average discharge coefficients. Most importantly, findings from the present study conclude that the discharge coefficients for all elbow meter installations stabilize for pipe Reynolds numbers greater than 300,000. Additionally, even at upstream distances of 25 pipe diameter lengths (3.81 m or 12.5 feet) each of the three upstream flow disturbances continued to exhibit effects on the calculated discharge coefficients for the elbow meter; the observed difference in the average discharge coefficient for the two single elbow in-plane configurations “S” and “U” were within 1.00% of the straight-line values. Finally, the double elbows out-of-plane discharge coefficient values remained constant, regardless of the three tested distances between 5 and 25 diameter lengths between the elbow meter and the upstream flow disturbance, showing a more predictable shift in discharge coefficient than the two single elbow in-plane configurations.
{"title":"Effects of Upstream Flow Disturbances on Elbow Meter Performance","authors":"Riley Manwaring, Michael C. Johnson, Zachary B. Sharp, S. Barfuss","doi":"10.11648/j.ae.20230701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20230701.12","url":null,"abstract":": In order to fill gaps in research into the use of elbow flow meters and to reconcile both a lack of published standards and differing recommendations on the necessary minimum lengths of straight pipe that should be installed upstream of an elbow flow meter to ensure sufficiently accurate flow measurement, physical data were collected on 50 mm nominal (52.5 mm or 2.067 inch actual), 150 mm nominal (154.05 mm or 6.065 inch actual), and 305 mm nominal (304.8 mm or 12.00 inch actual) long-radius elbow meters to determine discharge coefficients in a straight-line pipeline configuration. The 150 mm (6-inch) long-radius elbow meter was further tested in order to determine the effects of different upstream disturbances on the accuracy of its metering performance. Three different upstream disturbances were tested at upstream distances of 25, 10, and 5 diameter-lengths, including: a single elbow in-plane “S” orientation, a single elbow in-plane “U” orientation, and a double elbows out-of-plane orientation. Discharge coefficients were calculated for each configuration at the three variable upstream distances between the upstream flow disturbance and the meter and compared to the straight-line calibration values to identify the percent difference shifts in the average discharge coefficients. Most importantly, findings from the present study conclude that the discharge coefficients for all elbow meter installations stabilize for pipe Reynolds numbers greater than 300,000. Additionally, even at upstream distances of 25 pipe diameter lengths (3.81 m or 12.5 feet) each of the three upstream flow disturbances continued to exhibit effects on the calculated discharge coefficients for the elbow meter; the observed difference in the average discharge coefficient for the two single elbow in-plane configurations “S” and “U” were within 1.00% of the straight-line values. Finally, the double elbows out-of-plane discharge coefficient values remained constant, regardless of the three tested distances between 5 and 25 diameter lengths between the elbow meter and the upstream flow disturbance, showing a more predictable shift in discharge coefficient than the two single elbow in-plane configurations.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89675101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.11648/j.ae.20230701.11
Balbine Matuam, Nicolas Gnepie, Jaures Fotsa, Abraham Tetang, M. Edoun, Et Alexis Kuitche
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Heat and Moisture Transfer in Corrugated Walls Dryer","authors":"Balbine Matuam, Nicolas Gnepie, Jaures Fotsa, Abraham Tetang, M. Edoun, Et Alexis Kuitche","doi":"10.11648/j.ae.20230701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20230701.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89590384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.2
P. Venugopal, K. Saravanan, R. Thanigaivelan
{"title":"Performance Analysis of EDM on Grey Cast Iron Using RSM and TOPSIS Method","authors":"P. Venugopal, K. Saravanan, R. Thanigaivelan","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"131 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91087642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1
M. H. Aksoy, Murat İspi̇r
{"title":"Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies","authors":"M. H. Aksoy, Murat İspi̇r","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74552713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.5
Dao Van Doan, Vo Van Bien, Mai Anh Quang, N. Phu
{"title":"A Study on Multi-Body Modeling and Vibration Analysis for Twin-Barrel Gun While Firing on Elastic Ground","authors":"Dao Van Doan, Vo Van Bien, Mai Anh Quang, N. Phu","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91281863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.4
Le Dang Ha
{"title":"Selection of Suitable Data Normalization Method to Combine with the CRADIS Method for Making Multi-Criteria Decision","authors":"Le Dang Ha","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84618738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.2.2
Nikola Zivkovic, J. Vidaković, M. Lazarevic
: Forward kinematics is fundamental to robot design, control, and simulation. Different forward kinematics algorithms have been developed to deal with the complex geometry of a robot. This paper presents a robot forward kinematics algorithm in dual quaternion space. The presented method uses Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention for uniform definition of successive rotational and translational transformations in joints along the robot’s kinematic chain. This research aims to utilize the advantages of dual quaternions and DH convection for forward kinematics computation and make the algorithm, which is compact, intuitive, numerically robust, and computationally efficient as it uses the minimal number of parameters required for the computation, suitable for implementation in ROS and similar software. The algorithm is verified on the 6DoF industrial robot RL15, with the symbolic equations and numerical simulation presented.
{"title":"Forward Kinematics Algorithm in Dual Quaternion Space Based on Denavit-Hartenberg Convention","authors":"Nikola Zivkovic, J. Vidaković, M. Lazarevic","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.2.2","url":null,"abstract":": Forward kinematics is fundamental to robot design, control, and simulation. Different forward kinematics algorithms have been developed to deal with the complex geometry of a robot. This paper presents a robot forward kinematics algorithm in dual quaternion space. The presented method uses Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention for uniform definition of successive rotational and translational transformations in joints along the robot’s kinematic chain. This research aims to utilize the advantages of dual quaternions and DH convection for forward kinematics computation and make the algorithm, which is compact, intuitive, numerically robust, and computationally efficient as it uses the minimal number of parameters required for the computation, suitable for implementation in ROS and similar software. The algorithm is verified on the 6DoF industrial robot RL15, with the symbolic equations and numerical simulation presented.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90603263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.2.3
H. Elmetwally, Mostafa A. Abdelhafiz, M. El-sheikh, Mahmoud E Abdullah
: Friction stir welding (FSW) is considered to be a solid-state welding technique that is suitable well for joining copper and aluminium sheets. The current experimental study focused on the influence of pin geometry on the micro-structural and mechanical characteristics of such joints. An aluminium sheet was welded to a copper sheet at a constant rotational speed of 1280 rpm and a traverse speed of 16 mm/min. The welding tool was made from W302 steel with four different pin profiles: straight cylindrical, tapered, triangular, and squared. When the squared pin was utilized, the optimum joint was produced as the specimen prepared from this joint had a defect-free structure and a tensile strength of 107.2 MPa (80% of the aluminium strength). On the other hand, the pin with a triangular profile was utilized to determine the minimum characteristics, and the specimens' structures revealed dislocations, separations, and cracking in copper particles inside the aluminium matrix. The microhardness trend is consistent across all specimens. Moreover, specimens welded using squared and cylindrical pin tools have the maximum hardness values obtained at the stir zone of the copper side. The inspection of fractured surfaces showed well mixing between aluminium and copper as well as ductile fracture when a squared pin tool was used while it showed a combination of ductile fracture and brittle fracture for the specimen welded with a triangular pin tool. Based on this study, the use of the squared pin tool gives the most favourable results compared with other pin profiles.
{"title":"Effect of Friction Stir-Welding Tool Pin Geometry on the Characteristics of Al-Cu Joints","authors":"H. Elmetwally, Mostafa A. Abdelhafiz, M. El-sheikh, Mahmoud E Abdullah","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.2.3","url":null,"abstract":": Friction stir welding (FSW) is considered to be a solid-state welding technique that is suitable well for joining copper and aluminium sheets. The current experimental study focused on the influence of pin geometry on the micro-structural and mechanical characteristics of such joints. An aluminium sheet was welded to a copper sheet at a constant rotational speed of 1280 rpm and a traverse speed of 16 mm/min. The welding tool was made from W302 steel with four different pin profiles: straight cylindrical, tapered, triangular, and squared. When the squared pin was utilized, the optimum joint was produced as the specimen prepared from this joint had a defect-free structure and a tensile strength of 107.2 MPa (80% of the aluminium strength). On the other hand, the pin with a triangular profile was utilized to determine the minimum characteristics, and the specimens' structures revealed dislocations, separations, and cracking in copper particles inside the aluminium matrix. The microhardness trend is consistent across all specimens. Moreover, specimens welded using squared and cylindrical pin tools have the maximum hardness values obtained at the stir zone of the copper side. The inspection of fractured surfaces showed well mixing between aluminium and copper as well as ductile fracture when a squared pin tool was used while it showed a combination of ductile fracture and brittle fracture for the specimen welded with a triangular pin tool. Based on this study, the use of the squared pin tool gives the most favourable results compared with other pin profiles.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91044786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.3.1
Van Bien Vo, Duy Phon Nguyen, Minh Phu Nguyen
: This paper mentions a new approach to accurately and fully describe the mathematical model of the automatic firing system of gas-operated machine guns. The mathematical model is established based on Lagrange's equations of the second kind. A numerical method was used to solve the research problem. The automatic firing system of the PKMS machine gun (of Russian origin) was selected for calculation and testing. After the research model is calculated, a comparison is made between the theoretical calculation results and the experimental results to verify the mathematical model. The comparison results between the calculation from the theoretical model and the results obtained from the experiment show that the mathematical model is suitable and reliable, the maximum velocity error of the bolt carrier is only 6.53%. The results obtained from this study are the basis for evaluating the working ability of the automatic firing system. This is also a reliable theoretical basis for designers to optimize the structure for automatic firing systems of gas-operated automatic weapons.
{"title":"Mathematical Model of Automatic Firing System of Gas-Operated Machine Gun","authors":"Van Bien Vo, Duy Phon Nguyen, Minh Phu Nguyen","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.3.1","url":null,"abstract":": This paper mentions a new approach to accurately and fully describe the mathematical model of the automatic firing system of gas-operated machine guns. The mathematical model is established based on Lagrange's equations of the second kind. A numerical method was used to solve the research problem. The automatic firing system of the PKMS machine gun (of Russian origin) was selected for calculation and testing. After the research model is calculated, a comparison is made between the theoretical calculation results and the experimental results to verify the mathematical model. The comparison results between the calculation from the theoretical model and the results obtained from the experiment show that the mathematical model is suitable and reliable, the maximum velocity error of the bolt carrier is only 6.53%. The results obtained from this study are the basis for evaluating the working ability of the automatic firing system. This is also a reliable theoretical basis for designers to optimize the structure for automatic firing systems of gas-operated automatic weapons.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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